| 1. |
- Hansson, Per-Olof, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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Prehospital assessment of suspected stroke and TIA: An observational study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0001-6314 .- 1600-0404. ; 140:2, s. 93-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Symptoms related to stroke diverge and may mimic many other conditions. Aims To evaluate clinical findings among patients with a clinical suspicion of stroke in a prehospital setting and find independent predictors of a final diagnosis of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). Methods An observational multicenter study includes nine emergency hospitals in western Sweden. All patients transported to hospital by ambulance and in whom a suspicion of stroke was raised by the emergency medical service clinician before hospital admission during a four-month period were included. Results Of 1081 patients, a diagnosis of stroke was confirmed at hospital in 680 patients (63%), while 69 (6%) were diagnosed as TIA and 332 patients (31%) received other final diagnoses. In a multiple logistic regression analysis, factors independently associated with a final diagnosis of stroke or TIA were increasing age, odds ratio (OR) per year: 1.02, P = 0.007, a history of myocardial infarction (OR: 1.77, P = 0.01), facial droop (OR: 2.81, P < 0.0001), arm weakness (OR: 2.61, P < 0.0001), speech disturbance (OR: 1.92, P < 0.0001), and high systolic blood pressure (OR: 1.50, P = 0.02), while low oxygen saturation was significantly associated with other diagnoses (OR: 0.41, P = 0.007). More than half of all patients among patients with both stroke/TIA and other final diagnoses died during the five-year follow-up. Conclusions Seven factors including the three symptoms included in the Face Arm Speech Test were significantly associated with a final diagnosis of stroke or TIA in a prehospital assessment of patients with a suspected stroke.
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| 2. |
- Chandolias, Konstantinos, et al.
(författare)
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Protective effect of a reverse membrane bioreactor against toluene and naphthalene in anaerobic digestion
- 2022
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Ingår i: Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry. - : Wiley. - 1470-8744 .- 0885-4513. ; 69:3, s. 1267 -1274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Raw syngas contains tar contaminants including toluene and naphthalene, which inhibit its conversion to methane. Cell encasement in a hydrophilic reverse membrane bioreactor (RMBR) could protect the cells from hydrophobic contaminants. This study aimed to investigate the inhibition of toluene and naphthalene and the effect of using RMBR. In this work, toluene and naphthalene were added at concentrations of 0.5–1.0 and 0.1–0.2 g/L in batch operation. In continuous operation, concentration of 0–6.44 g/L for toluene and 0–1.28 g/L for naphthalene were studied. The results showed that no inhibition was observed in batch operation for toluene and naphthalene at concentrations up to 1 and 0.2 g/L, respectively. In continuous operation of free cell bioreactors (FCBRs), inhibition of toluene and naphthalene started at 2.05 and 0.63 g/L, respectively. When they were present simultaneously, inhibition of toluene and naphthalene occurred at concentrations of 3.14 and 0.63 g/L, respectively. In continuous RMBRs, no inhibition for toluene and less inhibition for naphthalene were observed, resulting in higher methane production from RMBR than that of FCBR. These results indicated that RMBR system gave a better protection effect against inhibitors compared with FCBR.
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| 3. |
- Flisberg, Anders, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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EEG and spectral edge frequency : analysis in posthypoxic newborn piglets
- 2010
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Ingår i: Neuro - endocrinology letters. - : Brain Research Promotion. - 0172-780X. ; 31:2, s. 181-186
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency content of the electroencephalogram (EEG) during recovery after a severe hypoxic insult in newborn piglets. METHODS: EEG was continuously monitored in nine newborn piglets exposed to a severe hypoxic period. Power spectra in five frequency bands were calculated using Fourier transformation. Spectral edge frequency 90 (SEF90) was defined as the frequency below which 90% of the power in the EEG was located. The piglets were divided into two groups; Group 1 represented piglets with some EEG recovery and Group 2 represented piglets without any EEG recovery. RESULTS: The recovery of the EEG in Group 1 had the same time course in all frequency bands. SEF90 indicates recovery earlier than the value of total power. But SEF90 also signals activity in the EEGs that were almost completely suppressed. When SEF90 was calculated during periods of periodic EEG activity during the very early phase of recovery, the values fell within the same range as during the control period. CONCLUSION: Spectral analysis of continuous EEG in newborn piglets exposed to very severe hypoxia showed that no specific frequency band of the EEG preceded the other ones during recovery. The results of the SEF90 measure, demonstrates the need for critical analysis of the raw EEG before any reliable estimation of cerebral function can be made.
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| 4. |
- Backlund, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Pre-hospital training and simulation initiative
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The pre-hospital process is a complex one involving aspects such as medical skills as well as care taking, team performance, inter-organizational cooperation and communication. This calls for novel training methods and technology support. Our review of literature (covering the areas of pre-hospital care, training simulator technologies and methods and process modelling) indicates that the different aspects are typically trained in isolation, e.g. medical skills using patient simulators.Objective The pre-hospital training center project addresses the overall complexity of the pre-hospital process by taking all of the aspects into account when designing scenarios and technology support for training the complete prehospital process (covering alarm, on-scene activities, transportation and hand-over). This is indeed a challenging task as we need to develop both training methods and technology support for a very complex training situation.Methods The project will develop a prototype scenario along with technology support to enact it. The training scenario will involve many of the aspects listed above and will be tested in a field experiment with ambulance personnel. Results The expected outcome of the project is a platform for establishing a pre-hospital simulation and training center. The initial technologies, research results and experiences will be used to form a consortium for further work and development. Conclusions We have identified a need for a pre-hospital training center with the unique and ambitious idea of covering the entire pre-hospital process as well as its many interacting aspects. To the best of our knowledge this approach is not at all common and we expect the complexity to be so high that it is a challenging enough research area that can only be addressed if we have a well-designed simulation and training center in place with all the different areas of knowledge represented, i.e. pre-hospital medicine as well as simulation and visualization technology.
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| 7. |
- Erdtman, Edvin, et al.
(författare)
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Computational studies on Schiff-base formation : Implications for the catalytic mechanism of porphobilinogen synthase
- 2011
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Ingår i: Computational and Theoretical Chemistry. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 2210-271X .- 2210-2728. ; 963:2-3, s. 479-489
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Schiff bases are common and important intermediates in many bioenzymatic systems. The mechanism by which they are formed, however,is dependent on the solvent, pH and other factors. In the present study we have used density functional theory methods in combination with appropriate chemical models to get a better understanding of the inherent chemistry of the formation of two Schiff bases that have been proposed to be involved in the catalytic mechanism of porphobilinogensynthase (PBGS), a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of porphyrins. More specifically, we have investigated the uncatalysed reaction of its substrate 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) with a lysine residue for theformation of the P-site Schiff base, and as possibly catalysed by the second active site lysine, water or the 5-ALA itself. It is found that cooperatively both the second lysine and the amino group of the initial 5-ALA itself are capable of reducing the rate-limiting energy barrier to14.0 kcal mol-1. We therefore propose these to be likely routes involved in the P-site Schiff-base formation in PBGS.
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| 8. |
- Lundberg, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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The development of a military hybrid simulation model for the training of haemorrhage control in proximal extremity bleedings
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background Exsanguination from extremity wounds is a major cause of potentially preventable deaths in the military environment. With the widespread use of different techniques to control this type of bleeding, such as tourniquets and haemostatic agents, it has now become possible to dramatically improve the survival rate for these casualties. Objective Varying techniques for pre-deployment training of haemorrhage control have been tested and used by the Swedish Armed Forces, for example different types of patient simulators. The recently developed military trauma patient simulators have for example become a major improvement for the training of standard tourniquet application. However, very proximal ‘junctional’ bleedings located in for example axillae and groins still represent a special training problem, since tourniquets cannot be used on these locations. Methods Based upon an idea presented by Moorhouse et al.*, we have developed a hybrid training model, consisting of a modified Laerdal® SimMan® 2G manikin, with a slab of meat with artificial ‘vessels’ running through the base of a series of wounds. Artificial blood under pressure is used to produce a bleeding effect. Results This hybrid model has been used for two years in the training of medics and combat life savers. It represents a realistic bleeding model, which can be used over and over again. Also, the cost for training is low compared to other alternatives. Conclusions Existing patient simulators are not suitable for training of haemorrhage control on proximal extremity locations. Live tissue training on anaesthetized animals is not a first alternative for this kind of training. We consider the proposed hybrid simulation model as the best training method so far.
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| 9. |
- Pettersson, Anita, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of ashes and deposits obtained by RDF combustion in a BR-boiler applying different bed temperatures
- 2010
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chemical fractionation and SEM-EDX was used for characterisation of ashes and deposits from different combustion tests in a commercial 20 MW bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) boiler. The fuel combusted was a mix of sorted MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) and industrial waste often referred to as RDF (Refuse Derived Fuel) mostly containing combustible material as paper, plastics and wood. This fuel type often contains a lot of alkali and chlorine and is therefore considered as a risk fuel prone to cause bed agglomeration, deposit formation and corrosion. In order to investigate the impact of the bed temperature on the alkali and chlorine distribution in the boiler combustion tests were performed. The bed temperature for this boiler is designed to be in the range 850-900°C. In this investigation however the bed temperature was reduced to 700-750°C. Two deposit probes, each carrying two rings made of high alloy steel, were used for collection of deposits during combustion. In addition, samples taken on the bed ash, return sand, return shaft ash, cyclone ash and textile filter ash were analysed. By reducing the bed temperature the need for fresh bed sand was reduced and the fly ash flow decreased. In addition, the agglomerates found in the tests with the normal bed temperature disappeared totally when the bed temperature was reduced. The deposits formed on the bed ash and on the return sand particles were found to consist of compounds with melting temperatures between 675 and 801C, which could explain the difference in agglomeration tendency.
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| 10. |
- Zamani, Akram, et al.
(författare)
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Determination of glucosamine and N-acetyl glucosamine in fungal cell walls
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society. - 0021-8561 .- 1520-5118. ; 56:18, s. 8314-8318
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new method was developed to determine glucosamine (GlcN) and N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc) in materials containing chitin and chitosan, such as fungal cell walls. It is based on two steps of hydrolysis with (i) concentrated sulfuric acid at low temperature and (ii) dilute sulfuric acid at high temperature, followed by one-step degradation with nitrous acid. In this process, chitin and chitosan are converted into anhydromannose and acetic acid. Anhydromannose represents the sum of GlcN and GlcNAc, whereas acetic acid is a marker for GlcNAc only. The method showed recovery of 90.1% of chitin and 85.7-92.4% of chitosan from commercial preparations. Furthermore, alkali insoluble material (AIM) from biomass of three strains of zygomycetes, Rhizopus oryzae, Mucor indicus, and Rhizomucor pusillus, was analyzed by this method. The glucosamine contents of AIM from R. oryzae and M. indicus were almost constant (41.7 +/- 2.2% and 42.0 +/- 1.7%, respectively), while in R. pusillus, it decreased from 40.0 to 30.0% during cultivation from 1 to 6 days. The GlcNAc content of AIM from R. oryzae and R. pusillus increased from 24.9 to 31.0% and from 36.3 to 50.8%, respectively, in 6 days, while it remained almost constant during the cultivation of M. indicus (23.5 +/- 0.8%).
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