| 1. |
- Eriksson Sörman, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Social relationships and risk of dementia : a population-based study
- 2015
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Ingår i: International psychogeriatrics. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1041-6102 .- 1741-203X. ; 27:8, s. 1391-1399
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The objective was to examine whether aspects of social relationships in old age are associated with all-cause dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methods: We studied 1,715 older adults (>= 65 years) who were dementia-free at baseline over a period of up to 16 years. Data on living status, contact/visit frequency, satisfaction with contact frequency, and having/not having a close friend were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regressions with all-cause dementia or AD as the dependent variable. To control for reverse causality and to identify potential long-term effects, we additionally performed analyses with delayed entry.Results: We identified 373 incident cases of dementia (207 with AD) during follow-up. The variable visiting/visits from friends was associated with reduced risk of all-cause dementia. Further, a higher value on the relationships index (sum of all variables) was associated with reduced risk of all-cause dementia and AD. However, in analyses with delayed entry, restricted to participants with a survival time of three years or more, none of the social relationship variables was associated with all-cause dementia or AD.Conclusions: The results indicate that certain aspects of social relationships are associated with incident dementia or AD, but also that these associations may reflect reverse causality. Future studies aimed at identifying other factors of a person's social life that may have the potential to postpone dementia should consider the effects of reverse causality.
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| 2. |
- Gard, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Quality of life of ice hockey players after retirement due to concussions
- 2020
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Ingår i: Concussion. - : Future Medicine. - 2056-3299. ; 5:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Sports-related concussion (SRC) is increasingly recognized as a potential health problem in ice hockey. Quality of life (QoL) in players retiring due to SRC has not been thoroughly addressed. Materials & methods: QoL using the Sports Concussion Assessment Tool 5th Edition, Impact of Event Scale-Revised and Short Form Health Survey was measured in Swedish ice hockey players who retired due to persistence of postconcussion symptoms or fear of attaining additional SRC. Results: A total of 76 players were assessed, on average of 5 years after their most recent SRC. Overall, retired players had a high burden of postconcussion symptoms and reduced QoL. Conclusion: Retired concussed ice hockey players have a reduced QoL, particularly those retiring due to postconcussion symptoms. Symptom burden should be continuously evaluated and guide the decision to retire.
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| 3. |
- Nyberg, Lars, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Longitudinal change-change associations of cognition with cortical thickness and surface area
- 2023
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Ingår i: Aging Brain. - : Elsevier. - 2589-9589. ; 3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Age-related changes in cortical volumes are well established but relatively few studies probed its constituents, surface area (SA) and thickness (TH). Here we analyzed 10-year, 3-waves longitudinal data from a large sample of healthy individuals (baseline age = 55–80). The findings showed marked age-related changes of SA in frontal, temporal, and parietal association cortices, and Bivariate Latent Change Score models revealed significant SA-associations with changes in speed of processing in both the 5- and 10-year models. The corresponding results for TH revealed a late onset of thinning and significant associations with reduced cognition in the 10-year model only. Taken together, our findings suggest that cortical surface area shrinks and impacts information-processing capacity gradually in aging, whereas cortical thinning only manifests and impacts fluid cognition in advanced aging.
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| 4. |
- Tirkkonen, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Associations Between Physical and Executive Functions Among Community-Dwelling Older Men and Women
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Aging and Physical Activity. - : Human Kinetics. - 1063-8652 .- 1543-267X. ; 30:2, s. 332-339
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Walking is a complex task requiring the interplay of neuromuscular, sensory, and cognitive functions. Owing to the age-related decline in cognitive and physical functions, walking may be compromised in older adults, for cognitive functions, especially poor performance in executive functions, is associated with slow walking speed. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the associations between different subdomains of executive functions and physical functions and whether the associations found differ between men and women. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed on data collected from 314 community-dwelling older adults who did not meet physical activity guidelines but had intact cognition. Our results showed that, while executive functions were associated with gait and lower extremity functioning, the associations depended partly on the executive process measured and the nature of the physical task. Moreover, the associations did not differ between the sexes.
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| 5. |
- Domellöf, Erik, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Brain activations during execution and observation of visually guided sequential manual movements in autism and in typical development: A study protocol
- 2024
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 19:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Motor issues are frequently observed accompanying core deficits in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Impaired motor behavior has also been linked to cognitive and social abnormalities, and problems with predictive ability have been suggested to play an important, possibly shared, part across all these domains. Brain imaging of sensory-motor behavior is a promising method for characterizing the neurobiological foundation for this proposed key trait. The present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) developmental study, involving children/youth with ASD, typically developing (TD) children/youth, and neurotypical adults, will investigate brain activations during execution and observation of a visually guided, goal-directed sequential (two-step) manual task. Neural processing related to both execution and observation of the task, as well as activation patterns during the preparation stage before execution/observation will be investigated. Main regions of interest include frontoparietal and occipitotemporal cortical areas, the human mirror neuron system (MNS), and the cerebellum.
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| 6. |
- Schulte, Stefanie, et al.
(författare)
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Serum Concentrations of S100B are not Affected by Cycling to Exhaustion With or Without Vibration
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Human Kinetics. - : Termedia Sp. z.o.o.. - 1640-5544 .- 1899-7562. ; 30:1, s. 67-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The calcium-binding protein S100B is produced primarily by astrocytes and exerts concentration-dependentparacrine and autocrine effects on neurons and glia. The numerous findings of a correlation between S100B andtraumatic brain injury (TBI) have resulted in the employment of this protein as a clinical biomarker for such injury.Our present aim was to determine whether cycling with (V) or without (NV) vibration alters serum concentrations ofS100B. Twelve healthy, male non-smokers (age: 25.3±1.6 yrs, body mass: 74.2±5.9 kg, body height: 181.0±3.7 cm,VO2peak: 56.9±5.1 ml·min-1·kg-1(means ± SD)) completed in random order two separate trials to exhaustion on avibrating bicycle (amplitude 4 mm and frequency 20 Hz) connected to an ergometer. The initial workload of 100 W waselevated by 50 W every 5 min and the mean maximal period of exercise was 25:27±1:30 min. The S100B in venousblood taken at rest, immediately after the test, and 30, 60 and 240 min post-exercise exhibited no significant differences(p>0.05), suggesting that cycling with and without vibration does not influence this parameter.
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| 7. |
- Söderberg, Carl, et al.
(författare)
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Postmortem reference concentrations of 68 elements in blood and urine
- 2023
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Ingår i: International journal of legal medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. - 0937-9827 .- 1437-1596. ; 137, s. 655-669
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Fatal intoxications, both accidental and intentional, are a global issue. In the Western world, intoxications with pharmaceuticals dominate, but in other parts of the world, other substances are more common. In a forensic setting, elemental intoxications are of great importance when investigating both accidental, suicidal, and homicidal deaths. The current study presents normal postmortem reference concentrations of 68 elements in femoral blood and urine. In addition, possible sources of error such as contamination from sample tubes, preservative potassium fluoride (KF) solution, and storage time are evaluated.Methods: Paired femoral blood and urine samples from 120 cases of death by suicidal hanging in Sweden were collected. Additionally, multiple batches of sample tubes and multiple batches of KF solution were also analyzed. Concentrations of elements were determined by double focusing sector field ICP-MS.Results: Key descriptive statistics for 68 elements are provided in blood and urine. Contamination from sample tubes was minor compared to the overall mean elemental concentrations in both blood and urine. KF solution contained a large assortment of elements, but the overall contribution is relatively minor for most elements given the small amounts of solution added to samples. There were significant differences for 22 elements in blood and 17 elements in urine between samples with short and long storage time.Conclusion: The present study provides an important tool when evaluating postmortem elemental concentrations. It fills a needed gap between large antemortem population studies and postmortem case reports or small case series of elemental intoxications.
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| 8. |
- Alrifaiy, Ahmed, et al.
(författare)
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A lab-on-a-chip for hypoxic patch clamp measurements combined with optical tweezers and spectroscopy : first investigations of single biological cells
- 2015
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Ingår i: Biomedical engineering online. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1475-925X. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The response and the reaction of the brain system to hypoxia is a vital research subject that requires special instrumentation. With this research subject in focus, a new multifunctional lab-on-a-chip (LOC) system with control over the oxygen content for studies on biological cells was developed. The chip was designed to incorporate the patch clamp technique, optical tweezers and absorption spectroscopy. The performance of the LOC was tested by a series of experiments. The oxygen content within the channels of the LOC was monitored by an oxygen sensor and verified by simultaneously studying the oxygenation state of chicken red blood cells (RBCs) with absorption spectra. The chicken RBCs were manipulated optically and steered in three dimensions towards a patch-clamp micropipette in a closed microfluidic channel. The oxygen level within the channels could be changed from a normoxic value of 18% O 2 to an anoxic value of 0.0-0.5% O 2. A time series of 3 experiments were performed, showing that the spectral transfer from the oxygenated to the deoxygenated state occurred after about 227 ± 1 s and a fully developed deoxygenated spectrum was observed after 298 ± 1 s, a mean value of 3 experiments. The tightness of the chamber to oxygen diffusion was verified by stopping the flow into the channel system while continuously recording absorption spectra showing an unchanged deoxygenated state during 5400 ± 2 s. A transfer of the oxygenated absorption spectra was achieved after 426 ± 1 s when exposing the cell to normoxic buffer. This showed the long time viability of the investigated cells. Successful patching and sealing were established on a trapped RBC and the whole-cell access (Ra) and membrane (Rm) resistances were measured to be 5.033 ± 0.412 M Ω and 889.7 ± 1.74 M Ω respectively.
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| 9. |
- Rai, Sanskriti, et al.
(författare)
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Circulating plasma miR-23b-3p as a biomarker target for idiopathic Parkinson's disease: comparison with small extracellular vesicle miRNA
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Neuroscience. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1662-4548 .- 1662-453X. ; 17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is an increasingly common neurodegenerative condition, which causes movement dysfunction and a broad range of non-motor symptoms. There is no molecular or biochemical diagnosis test for PD. The miRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNAs and are extensively studied owing to their altered expression in pathological states and facile harvesting and analysis techniques.Methods: A total of 48 samples (16 each of PD, aged-matched, and young controls) were recruited. The small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) were isolated and validated using Western blot, transmission electron microscope, and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Small RNA isolation, library preparation, and small RNA sequencing followed by differential expression and targeted prediction of miRNA were performed. The real-time PCR was performed with the targeted miRNA on PD, age-matched, and young healthy control of plasma and plasma-derived sEVs to demonstrate their potential as a diagnostic biomarker.Results: In RNA sequencing, we identified 14.89% upregulated (fold change 1.11 to 11.04, p < 0.05) and 16.54% downregulated (fold change −1.04 to −7.28, p < 0.05) miRNAs in PD and controls. Four differentially expressed miRNAs (miR-23b-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-19b-3p, and miR-150-3p) were selected. The expression of miR-23b-3p was “upregulated” (p = 0.002) in plasma, whereas “downregulated” (p = 0.0284) in plasma-derived sEVs in PD than age-matched controls. The ROC analysis of miR-23b-3p revealed better AUC values in plasma (AUC = 0.8086, p = 0.0029) and plasma-derived sEVs (AUC = 0.7278, p = 0.0483) of PD and age-matched controls.Conclusion: We observed an opposite expression profile of miR-23b-3p in PD and age-matched healthy control in plasma and plasma-derived sEV fractions, where the expression of miR-23b-3p is increased in PD plasma while decreased in plasma-derived sEV fractions. We further observed the different miR-23b-3p expression profiles in young and age-matched healthy control.
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| 10. |
- Sjöblom, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Enzyme-Assisted CO2 Absorption in Aqueous Amino Acid Ionic Liquid Amine Blends
- 2020
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Ingår i: ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering. - : American Chemical Society. - 2168-0485. ; 8:36, s. 13672-13682
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of carbonic anhydrase (CA) on the CO2 absorption rate and CO2 load in aqueous blends of the amino acid ionic liquid pentaethylenehexamine prolinate (PEHAp) and methyl diethanolamine (MDEA) was investigated and compared to aqueous monoethanolamine (MEA) solutions. The aim was to identify blends with good enzyme compatibility, several fold higher absorption rates than MDEA and superior desorption potential compared to MEA. The blend of 5% PEHAp and 20% MDEA gave a solvent with approximately five-fold higher initial absorption rate than MDEA and a two-fold higher regeneration compared to MEA. Experiments in a small pilot absorption rig resulted in a mass transfer coefficient (KGa) of 0.48, 4.6, and 15 mol (m3 s mol fraction)−1 for 25% MDEA, 5% PEHAp, 20% MDEA, and 25% MEA, respectively. CA could maintain approximately 70% of its initial activity after 2 h incubation in PEHAp MDEA blends. Integration of CA with amine-based absorption resulted in a 31.7% increase in mass of absorbed CO2 compared to the respective non-enzymatic reaction at the optimal solvent: CA ratio and CA load. Combining novel blends and CA can offer a good compromise between capital and operating costs for conventional amine scrubbers, which could outperform MEA-based systems.
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