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Träfflista för sökning "hsv:(MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES) hsv:(Basic Medicine) ;lar1:(miun)"

Sökning: hsv:(MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES) hsv:(Basic Medicine) > Mittuniversitetet

  • Resultat 1-10 av 258
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1.
  • Sukhovey, Yurij G., et al. (författare)
  • Functional Conjugation of the Different Regulatory Responses to the Stress Stimuli in Healthy Human Subjects
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Open Journal of Applied Sciences. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 2165-3917 .- 2165-3925. ; 6, s. 489-500
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Present article discusses the physiological mechanisms of the state employees adaptation duringactive training in temporary groups. It is suggested that adaptive mechanisms to adverse effectsmay be studied basing on the concept of functional isomorphism of the psychic and immune systems.Adaptive mechanisms were studied through the monitoring of the stress factors’ impact upon thelaw enforcement officers when training outside the places of permanent deployment. The specificpurpose of present study was to evaluate the physiological indicators of the psychic, immune andendocrine systems dynamics at different stages of adaptation of the live organism to a stressfulsituation, hoping to get better insight into possible relations between psychic and immune domains.Through monitoring of the dynamics of the endocrine and immune responses to the psychic stimuli,it was possible to correlate the stages of the stress onset to the phases of specific immune reactions.Strong correlations between the parameters characterizing activation of the psychic and immuneresponses support the hypothesis of the presence of “strong cooperation” between psychic andimmune domains. It supports earlier hypothesis that we are monitoring
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2.
  • Holmström, Pontus, et al. (författare)
  • Test–retest reliability of splenic volume assessment by ultrasonography
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 12:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • While MRI and CT are the gold standards for assessments of splenic size in clinical settings, ultrasonography is particularly suited due to its portability, cost efficiency and easy utilization. However, ultrasonography is associated with subjective assessment, potentially resulting in increased variation. We used a test–retest design aiming to determine the reliability of splenic measurements assessed by ultrasonography during apnea. In addition, we compared reliability between different equations for volume calculations: Koga, Prolate ellipsoid and Pilström. Twelve healthy participants (6 women) performed two tests separated by 15 min, comprising a maximal voluntary apnea in a seated position. Splenic dimensions were measured via ultrasonography for 5 min before and immediately following apnea. Resting splenic volume displayed high test–retest reliability between tests (Pilström: 157 ± 39 mL vs 156 ± 34 mL, p = .651, ICC = .970, p < .001, CV = 2.98 ± 0.1%; Prolate ellipsoid: 154 ± 37 mL vs 144 ± 43 mL, p = .122, ICC = .942, p < .001, CV = 5.47 ± 0.3%; Koga: 142 ± 37 mL vs 140 ± 59 mL, p = .845, ICC = .859, p < .001, CV = 9.72 ± 1.4%). Apnea-induced volumes displayed similar reliability (127 ± 29 mL vs 129 ± 28 mL, p = .359, ICC = .967, p < .001, CV = 3.14 ± 3.1%). Reliability was also high between equations (Pilström vs Prolate ellipsoid: ICC = .818, p < .001, CV = 7.33 ± 0.3%, bias =  − 3.1 mL, LoA =  − 46.9 to 40.7 mL; Pilström vs Koga: ICC = .618, p < .01, CV = 11.83 ± 1.1%, bias =  − 14.8 mL, LoA =  − 76.9 to 47.3 mL). We conclude that splenic ultrasonographic measurements have practical applications during laboratory and field-based research as a reliable method detecting splenic volume change consistently between repeated tests. The Pilström equation displayed similar reliability compared to the prolate ellipsoid formula and slightly higher compared to the Koga formula and may be particularly useful to account for individual differences in splenic dimensions.
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3.
  • Mamontov, Eugen, 1955, et al. (författare)
  • The minimal, phase-transition model for the cell-number maintenance by the hyperplasia-extended homeorhesis
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Acta Biotheoretica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0001-5342 .- 1572-8358. ; 54:2, s. 61-101
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Oncogenic hyperplasia is the first and inevitable stage of formation of a (solid) tumor. This stage is also the core of many other proliferative diseases. The present work proposes the first minimal model that combines homeorhesis with oncogenic hyperplasia where the latter is regarded as a genotoxically activated homeorhetic dysfunction. This dysfunction is specified as the transitions of the fluid of cells from a fluid, homeorhetic state to a solid, hyperplastic-tumor state, and back. The key part of the model is a nonlinear reaction-diffusion equation (RDE) where the biochemical-reaction rate is generalized to the one in the well-known Schlögl physical theory of the non-equilibrium phase transitions. A rigorous analysis of the stability and qualitative aspects of the model, where possible, are presented in detail. This is related to the spatially homogeneous case, i.e. when the above RDE is reduced to a nonlinear ordinary differential equation. The mentioned genotoxic activation is treated as a prevention of the quiescent G0-stage of the cell cycle implemented with the threshold mechanism that employs the critical concentration of the cellular fluid and the nonquiescent-cell-duplication time. The continuous tumor morphogeny is described by a time-space-dependent cellular-fluid concentration. There are no sharp boundaries (i.e. no concentration jumps exist) between the domains of the homeorhesis- and tumor-cell populations. No presumption on the shape of a tumor is used. To estimate a tumor in specific quantities, the model provides the time-dependent tumor locus, volume, and boundary that also points out the tumor shape and size. The above features are indispensable in the quantitative development of antiproliferative drugs or therapies and strategies to prevent oncogenic hyperplasia in cancer and other proliferative diseases. The work proposes an analytical-numerical method for solving the aforementioned RDE. A few topics for future research are suggested.
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4.
  • Dimberg, Ulf, et al. (författare)
  • Facial reactions to happy and angry facial expressions: Evidence for right hemisphere dominance
  • 2000
  • Ingår i: Psychophysiology. - : CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS. - 0048-5772 .- 1469-8986. ; 37:5, s. 693-696
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Previous research on asymmetric effects of emotional expression and brain-hemispheric asymmetry has supported opposing theories of hemispheric dominance in the control of emotional reactions. In the present study, 32 subjects were exposed to pictures of happy and angry facial stimuli while facial electromyographic (EMG) activity from the zygomatic major and the corrugator supercilii muscle regions was detected from the left and right sides of the face. The subjects reacted spontaneously and rapidly with larger zygomatic EMG activity to happy facial stimuli and larger corrugator EMG activity to angry stimuli. These distinct reactions were significantly larger on the left side of the face. It is concluded that the present results support the hypothesis that the right brain hemisphere is predominantly involved in the control of spontaneously evoked emotional reactions.
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5.
  • Schulte, Stefanie, et al. (författare)
  • Serum Concentrations of S100B are not Affected by Cycling to Exhaustion With or Without Vibration
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Journal of Human Kinetics. - : Termedia Sp. z.o.o.. - 1640-5544 .- 1899-7562. ; 30:1, s. 67-78
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The calcium-binding protein S100B is produced primarily by astrocytes and exerts concentration-dependentparacrine and autocrine effects on neurons and glia. The numerous findings of a correlation between S100B andtraumatic brain injury (TBI) have resulted in the employment of this protein as a clinical biomarker for such injury.Our present aim was to determine whether cycling with (V) or without (NV) vibration alters serum concentrations ofS100B. Twelve healthy, male non-smokers (age: 25.3±1.6 yrs, body mass: 74.2±5.9 kg, body height: 181.0±3.7 cm,VO2peak: 56.9±5.1 ml·min-1·kg-1(means ± SD)) completed in random order two separate trials to exhaustion on avibrating bicycle (amplitude 4 mm and frequency 20 Hz) connected to an ergometer. The initial workload of 100 W waselevated by 50 W every 5 min and the mean maximal period of exercise was 25:27±1:30 min. The S100B in venousblood taken at rest, immediately after the test, and 30, 60 and 240 min post-exercise exhibited no significant differences(p>0.05), suggesting that cycling with and without vibration does not influence this parameter.
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6.
  • Weis, Jan, 1956-, et al. (författare)
  • GABA quantification in human anterior cingulate cortex
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : PLOS. - 1932-6203. ; 16:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the human brain. It has been shown that altered GABA concentration plays an important role in a variety of psychiatric and neurological disorders. The main purpose of this study was to propose a combination of PRESS and MEGA-PRESS acquisitions for absolute GABA quantification and to compare GABA estimations obtained using total choline (tCho), total creatine (tCr), and total N-acetyl aspartate (tNAA) as the internal concentration references with water referenced quantification. The second aim was to demonstrate the fitting approach of MEGA-PRESS spectra with QuasarX algorithm using a basis set of GABA, glutamate, glutamine, and NAA in vitro spectra. Thirteen volunteers were scanned with the MEGA-PRESS sequence at 3T. Interleaved water referencing was used for quantification, B0 drift correction and to update the carrier frequency of RF pulses in real time. Reference metabolite concentrations were acquired using a PRESS sequence with short TE (30 ms) and long TR (5000 ms). Absolute concentration were corrected for cerebrospinal fluid, gray and white matter water fractions and relaxation effects. Water referenced GABA estimations were significantly higher compared to the values obtained by metabolite references. We conclude that QuasarX algorithm together with the basis set of in vitro spectra improves reliability of GABA+ fitting. The proposed GABA quantification method with PRESS and MEGA-PRESS acquisitions enables the utilization of tCho, tCr, and tNAA as internal concentration references. The use of different concentration references have a good potential to improve the reliability of GABA estimation.
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7.
  • Bergman, Olle, 1978, et al. (författare)
  • Association between amygdala reactivity and a dopamine transporter gene polymorphism.
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Translational psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2158-3188. ; 4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Essential for detection of relevant external stimuli and for fear processing, the amygdala is under modulatory influence of dopamine (DA). The DA transporter (DAT) is of fundamental importance for the regulation of DA transmission by mediating reuptake inactivation of extracellular DA. This study examined if a common functional variable number tandem repeat polymorphism in the 3' untranslated region of the DAT gene (SLC6A3) influences amygdala function during the processing of aversive emotional stimuli. Amygdala reactivity was examined by comparing regional cerebral blood flow, measured with positron emission tomography and [(15)O]water, during exposure to angry and neutral faces, respectively, in a Swedish sample comprising 32 patients with social anxiety disorder and 17 healthy volunteers. In a separate US sample, comprising 85 healthy volunteers studied with blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging, amygdala reactivity was assessed by comparing the activity during exposure to threatening faces and neutral geometric shapes, respectively. In both the Swedish and the US sample, 9-repeat carriers displayed higher amygdala reactivity than 10-repeat homozygotes. The results suggest that this polymorphism contributes to individual variability in amygdala reactivity.
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10.
  • Essén, Sofia (författare)
  • Hydroxamate Siderophores and Low Molecular Mass Organic Acids in Terrestrial and Aquatic Environments Determined by Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry
  • 2007
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Siderophores are low molecular mass organic compounds with high iron(III) stability constants. They are produced by many microorganisms, often in combination with low molecular mass organic acids (LMMOAs). Both siderophores and LMMOAs accelerate mineral weathering, thereby enhancing mineral nutrient availability. Siderophore concentrations in natural environments, however, are largely unknown. In the present work, analytical methods based on liquid chromatography (LC) electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) were developed and used for concentration determination of selected hydroxamate siderophores and LMMOAs. The use of capillary LC with on‐line pre‐concentration via column switching enabled siderophore quantification with detection limits of 0.1 ‐ 5 nM. Through solid phase extraction even lower detection limits were achieved. In Swedish podzol soil solutions concentrations up to 12 nM ferricrocin and 2 nM ferrichrome were found in the upper soil layes. Additionally, in axenic pine (Pinus sylvestris) seedling cultures, the ectomycorrhizal fungus Hebeloma crustuliniforme was shown to produce ferricrocin as the main siderophore. Moreover, ferricrocin was found in enriched Baltic Sea cyanobacterial populations at concentrations up to 1 nM, while concentrations up to 0.05 nM ferrioxamine B were determined in Baltic Sea surface waters during cyanobacterial blooms. Siderophores have strong affinities for some actinides and may affect radionuclide mobilization in deep subsurface nuclear wase repositories. Two subsurface bacterial strains were shown to produce siderophores under aerobic conditions, i.e. Pseudomonas stutzeri produced mainly ferrioxamine E and Pseudomonas fluorescens produced one pyoverdin siderophore. Siderophores produced by aerobically grown P. stutzeri were not observed either in anaerobic cultures or in deep subsurface water samples.
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