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| 2. |
- Bergmeister, Konstantin Davide, et al.
(författare)
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Motor unit characteristics after selective nerve transfers
- 2021
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Ingår i: Bionic Limb Reconstruction. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. ; , s. 83-91
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Selective nerve transfers are used in biological and bionic extremity reconstruction to restore and improve extremity function. Here, peripheral nerves are rerouted to various target muscles, and thereby the structural composition of motor units is surgically altered. Previous studies have shown a high success rate of successful reinnervation of above 90% after these nerve transfers. In targeted muscle reinnervation, nerve transfers are applied to reroute amputated nerves to more proximal muscles in the stump and thereby increase the number of prosthetic control signals. Because donor nerves physiologically supply multiple muscles but are transferred to a single target muscle, the innervation ratio between donor and recipient is substantially altered. This changes the characteristics of the motor unit of the target muscles that we extensively investigated in a novel nerve transfer animal model. In this chapter, we illustrate this model, the effect of nerve transfers on motor unit physiology, as well as the implications on improving the interface between man and machine in prosthetic extremity reconstruction. In addition, first results on the effect of targeted muscle reinnervation on human motor unit physiology are described.
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| 3. |
- Vallbo, Åke, 1933, et al.
(författare)
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Sensual touch: A slow touch system revealed with microneurography
- 2016
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Ingår i: Affective touch and the neurophysiology of CT afferents. Olausson, H., Wessberg, J., Morrison, I., McGlone, F. (Eds.). - New York : Springer. - 9781493964161 ; , s. 1-30
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Ingemar
(författare)
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Rehabilitering vid långvarig smärta
- 2010
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Ingår i: Smärta och smärtbehandling. - Stockholm : Liber. ; :2, s. 401-409
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
- Kettunen, Petronella, et al.
(författare)
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Calcium Imaging in the Zebrafish.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Calcium Signaling. Advances in experimental medicine and biology. Islam M. (red.). - Cham : Springer. - 0065-2598. - 9783030124564 ; , s. 901-942
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has emerged as a widely used model system during the last four decades. The fact that the zebrafish larva is transparent enables sophisticated in vivo imaging, including calcium imaging of intracellular transients in many different tissues. While being a vertebrate, the reduced complexity of its nervous system and small size make it possible to follow large-scale activity in the whole brain. Its genome is sequenced and many genetic and molecular tools have been developed that simplify the study of gene function in health and disease. Since the mid 90's, the development and neuronal function of the embryonic, larval, and later, adult zebrafish have been studied using calcium imaging methods. This updated chapter is reviewing the advances in methods and research findings of zebrafish calcium imaging during the last decade. The choice of calcium indicator depends on the desired number of cells to study and cell accessibility. Synthetic calcium indicators, conjugated to dextrans and acetoxymethyl (AM) esters, are still used to label specific neuronal cell types in the hindbrain and the olfactory system. However, genetically encoded calcium indicators, such as aequorin and the GCaMP family of indicators, expressed in various tissues by the use of cell-specific promoters, are now the choice for most applications, including brain-wide imaging. Calcium imaging in the zebrafish has contributed greatly to our understanding of basic biological principles during development and adulthood, and the function of disease-related genes in a vertebrate system.
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| 6. |
- Ackerley, Rochelle, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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The touch landscape
- 2016
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Ingår i: Affective Touch and the Neurophysiology of CT Afferents. Olausson H., Wessberg J., Morrison I., McGlone F. (eds.). - New York, NY : Springer. - 9781493964185 ; , s. 85-109
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Somatic sensation comprises four main modalities relaying tactile, thermal, painful, or pruritic (itch) information to the central nervous system. These input channels can be further classified as sub-serving sensory functions, such as spatial and temporal discrimination, and the provision of essential information for controlling and guiding exploratory manual behaviours, or affective functions that include the provision of the subjective experience of affective or emotional pleasurable touch. Signalling in fast-conducting myelinated peripheral nerve fibres (Aβ afferents) is important for the discriminative properties of tactile sensations, whereas signalling in unmyelinated peripheral nerve fibres, C-tactile (CT) afferents seems to be important for the rewarding, emotional properties of touch. CT afferents have specific biophysical, electrophysiological, neurobiological and anatomical properties to drive the temporally delayed affective somatic system. This chapter explores step by step the differences between the discriminative and affective touch systems, from the first stage of encoding touch in the skin to the neural pathways in the brain. The below quote from Bentley (Am J Psychol 11:405-425, 1900) reiterates the complexity of the skin and the wonder in the phenomenon of somatosensation: ‘The skin is burdened with offices. One of the surprises of physiology is the revelation of the multitude of functions performed by this apparently simple organ. As a rind it is not only the container, but the warder-off, and also the go-between for the organism and its world; tegument, buckler, interagent. It is small wonder that its work is represented in mental process; that many of our most worn and useful perceptions are made up of cutaneous sensations.'. © 2016 Springer Science+Business Media New York.
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| 7. |
- Apitzsch, Erwin, et al.
(författare)
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Collective collapse in football
- 2019. - 1
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Ingår i: Football Psychology : From Theory to Practice - From Theory to Practice. - : Routledge. - 9781138287495 - 9781351975490 ; , s. 117-126
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Collective collapse occurs when a majority of the players in a team suddenly perform below expected level in a match, in spite of a satisfactory start, or when a team underperforms right from the start. Research results from a study on 146 male players and 15 coaches in various team sports at the elite level, and a study on a team involved in a collective collapse, and the opposite, a winning turnaround. The behaviour of the players and the coaches accounted for 69.6% of the reasons given for the occurrence of a collective collapse. Lack of communication and lack of role acceptance were given as the main factors. A collective collapse is usually followed by negative emotions, which spread among the team resulting in emotional contagion. In order to avoid a collective collapse or take appropriate action in case it occurs, it is suggested that players focus on the right goal (process goals), use constructive communication (between coach-players, and between players), and execute the expected role performance in their position. In addition, it is suggested that teams appoint 2–3 emotional leaders among the starting players, who are regarded as being expressive, interactive, and contributing to team performance as well as social cohesion. The role of the emotional leader is to implement a positive team atmosphere in times of adversity.
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| 8. |
- Appelberg, Jonas, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Snarkning och obstruktivt sömnapnésyndrom
- 2010
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Ingår i: Sömn och sömnstörningar. - Nora : Circad bok. - 9789197840286
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 9. |
- Aspberg, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Cartilage proteoglycans
- 2016
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Ingår i: Cartilage: Volume 1: Physiology and Development. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319295688 - 9783319295664 ; 1, s. 1-22
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Proteoglycans are key components of the cartilage extracellular matrix and essential for normal tissue function. The core protein and the glycosaminoglycan chains both contribute to function and provide different properties of the individual proteoglycans. This review is focused on the two main families of cartilage proteoglycans.The first of these is the lectican family, including aggrecan, versican, and the cartilage link protein. The aggregating proteoglycan network formed by aggrecan, link protein, and hyaluronan provides biomechanical properties that give the tissue its ability to withstand and distribute load.The second group discussed is the small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycan family, which includes decorin, biglycan, asporin, fibromodulin, lumican, keratocan, osteoadherin, proline-/arginine-rich end leucine-rich repeat protein, epiphycan, mimecan, opticin, chondroadherin, and chondroadherin-like. These proteoglycans bind collagens and are important regulators of cartilage extracellular matrix assembly. In addition, some of these proteoglycans bind and regulate growth factors and their receptors and regulate innate immunity through interactions with Toll-like receptors or the complement system.This review will give an overview of the structure and function of the different aggregating proteoglycans and small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycans in normal cartilage extracellular matrix.
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| 10. |
- Bartlett, Christina S., et al.
(författare)
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Vascular Growth Factors and Glomerular Disease
- 2016
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Ingår i: ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYSIOLOGY, VOL 78. - : ANNUAL REVIEWS. - 1545-1585. - 9780824303785 ; , s. 437-461
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The glomerulus is a highly specialized microvascular bed that filters blood to form primary urinary filtrate. It contains four cell types: fenestrated endothelial cells, specialized vascular support cells termed podocytes, perivascular mesangial cells, and parietal epithelial cells. Glomerular cell-cell communication is critical for the development and maintenance of the glomerular filtration barrier. VEGF, ANGPT, EGF, SEMA3A, TGF-beta, and CXCL12 signal in paracrine fashions between the podocytes, endothelium, and mesangium associated with the glomerular capillary bed to maintain filtration barrier function. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of these signaling pathways in the development and maintenance of the glomerulus and the progression of disease.
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