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| 2. |
- Amundin, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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A proposal to use distributional models to analyse dolphin vocalisation
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Vocal Interactivity in-and-between Humans, Animals and Robots, VIHAR 2017. - 9782956202905 ; , s. 31-32
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper gives a brief introduction to the starting points of an experimental project to study dolphin communicative behaviour using distributional semantics, with methods implemented for the large scale study of human language.
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| 3. |
- Schötz, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Phonetic Characteristics of Domestic Cat Vocalisations
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Vocal Interactivity in-and-between Humans, Animals and Robots, VIHAR 2017. - 9782956202905 ; , s. 5-6
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The cat (Felis catus, Linneaus 1758) has lived around or with humans for at least 10,000 years, and is now one of the most popular pets of the world with more than 600 millionindividuals. Domestic cats have developed a more extensive, variable and complex vocal repertoire than most other members of the Carnivora, which may be explained by their social organisation, their nocturnal activity and the long period of association between mother and young. Still, we know surprisingly little about the phonetic characteristics of these sounds, and about the interaction between cats and humans.Members of the research project Melody in human–cat communication (Meowsic) investigate the prosodic characteristics of cat vocalisations as well as the communication between human and cat. The first step includes a categorisation of cat vocalisations. In the next step it will be investigated how humans perceive the vocal signals of domestic cats. This paper presents an outline of the project which has only recently started.
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| 4. |
- Ge, Chenjie, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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Co-Saliency-Enhanced Deep Recurrent Convolutional Networks for Human Fall Detection in E-Healthcare
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBS. - 1557-170X. ; 2018-July, s. 1572-1575
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper addresses the issue of fall detection from videos for e-healthcare and assisted-living. Instead of using conventional hand-crafted features from videos, we propose a fall detection scheme based on co-saliency-enhanced recurrent convolutional network (RCN) architecture for fall detection from videos. In the proposed scheme, a deep learning method RCN is realized by a set of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) in segment-levels followed by a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), to handle the time-dependent video frames. The co-saliency-based method enhances salient human activity regions hence further improves the deep learning performance. The main contributions of the paper include: (a) propose a recurrent convolutional network (RCN) architecture that is dedicated to the tasks of human fall detection in videos; (b) integrate a co-saliency enhancement to the deep learning scheme for further improving the deep learning performance; (c) extensive empirical tests for performance analysis and evaluation under different network settings and data partitioning. Experiments using the proposed scheme were conducted on an open dataset containing multicamera videos from different view angles, results have shown very good performance (test accuracy 98.96%). Comparisons with two existing methods have provided further support to the proposed scheme.
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| 5. |
- Ali, Yusuf, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental determination of concentration factors of Ni, Ru and Sb in the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - 2045-2322. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes the experimental determination of concentration factors (CF) for nickel, ruthenium and antimony in the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin (Bacillariophyceae), which was chosen as a representative of marine phytoplankton. Better determinations of these CF are needed to improve the modelling of marine ecosystems at release points, where radioactive pollutants enter the ecosystem, for more accurate predictions of radiation dose to humans caused by these pollutants. A literature study revealed that the currently implemented values of these CF are based on very scarce data, and a computational sensitivity study showed that the radiation dose caused by radioisotopes of these elements depend strongly on the phytoplankton CF. Nutrient-enriched water samples from Swedish coastal waters were used as a medium for growing of the diatom species P. tricornutum and radioactive isotopes of the studied elements were added to the cultures during the exponential growth phase. The radioactivity in the P. tricornutum and in the culture medium were measured separately and used for determination of CF. Conservative estimates of the CF based on this phytoplankton proxy on the present data are 6400 L/kg for nickel, 20,000 L/kg for ruthenium and 890 L/kg for antimony, with P. tricornutum biomass masses referring to dry weight. The estimates for nickel and ruthenium are similar to previously published values, which underpins the credibility of radiation dose calculations based on these values. The estimate for antimony is uncertain, but also, to our knowledge, represents the first published experimentally based data on this CF.
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| 6. |
- Burks, Raychelle, et al.
(författare)
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#67 Chalmers short stories
- 2019
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- What´s the science behind self driving cars, hospital entry architecture and faster computers? In this episode we meet eight PhD-students presenting five minutes stories about their research projects at Chalmers University of Technology. We also talk to Dr. Raychelle Burks from St. Edwards University in Texas and Professor Lars Öhrström from Chalmers, about how they work to get science out to the society. Come along with RadioScience to a workshop on science communication, a warm and sunny day in June. We went to Gothenburg to give tips and tricks on recording and editing a podcast. In return we got eight really interesting short stories within the field of technology. In addition, Raychelle Burks reads the post ”Because she didn’t die” from her blog thirty-seven and Lars Öhrström gives us a taste from his book ”The rhubarb connection – the everyday world of metal ions” – to be published in December. This episode was a collaboration with teachers and students at the workshop on popular science communication at Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden. Producers: Lisa Beste and Natalie von der Lehr, RadioScience.se, Uppsala. Listen at: http://www.radioscience.se/forskning/67-chalmers-short-stories/
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| 7. |
- Tamagawa, T., et al.
(författare)
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Correlation between musculoskeletal structure of the hand and primate locomotion: Morphometric and mechanical analysis in prehension using the cross- and triple-ratios
- 2020
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 15:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biometric ratios of the relative length of the rays in the hand have been analyzed between primate species in the light of their hand function or phylogeny. However, how relative lengths among phalanges are mechanically linked to the grasping function of primates with different locomotor behaviors remains unclear. To clarify this, we calculated cross and triple-ratios, which are related to the torque distribution, and the torque generation mode at different joint angles using the lengths of the phalanges and metacarpal bones in 52 primates belonging to 25 species. The torque exerted on the finger joint and traction force of the flexor tendons necessary for a cylindrical grip and a suspensory hand posture were calculated using the moment arm of flexor tendons measured on magnetic resonance images, and were compared among Hylobates spp., Ateles sp., and Papio hamadryas. Finally, the torques calculated from the model were validated by a mechanical study detecting the force exerted on the phalanx by pulling the digital flexor muscles during suspension in these three species. Canonical discriminant analysis of cross and triple-ratios classified primates almost in accordance with their current classification based on locomotor behavior. The traction force was markedly reduced with flexion of the MCP joint parallel to the torque in brachiating primates; this was notably lower in the terrestrial quadrupedal primates than in the arboreal primates at mild flexion. Our mechanical study supported these features in the torque and traction force generation efficiencies. Our results suggest that suspensory or terrestrial quadrupedal primates have hand structures that can exert more torque at a suspensory posture, or palmigrade and digitigrade locomotion, respectively. Furthermore, our study suggests availability of the cross and triple-ratios as one of the indicators to estimate the hand function from the skeletal structure.
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| 8. |
- Grabicova, K, et al.
(författare)
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Tissue-specific bioconcentration of antidepressants in fish exposed to effluent from a municipal sewage treatment plant
- 2014
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 488-489, s. 46-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tissue-specific bioconcentration of selected antidepressants was studied in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to undiluted effluent from a Swedish municipal sewage treatment plant for 13 days. Citalopram, sertraline and venlafaxine were found in the brains and livers of most fish, but not in blood plasma or muscle. Venlafaxine was the only drug found in plasma (3/20 fish). Fluoxetine was not detected in any fish tissue, in accordance with a low concentration in the effluent and a comparably high limit of quantification in tissues. Concentrations of citalopram, sertraline and venlafaxine in fish brain were up to 1/12, 1/8 and 1/26, respectively, of the lowest concentrations found in the brains of mammals treated with therapeutic doses. Thus, given co-exposure to several antidepressants and an assumed similar potency in fish, the margin of safety for target-related effects in fish residing in effluent-dominated streams is relatively low. Furthermore, the non-detectable levels of these drugs in blood plasma suggest that analyses of concentrations in target tissues (brain) would be more informative in field studies and other studies with environmentally realistic exposure concentrations.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Insulander Björk, Klara, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental determination of concentration factors of Mn, Zn and I in the phytoplankton species Phaeodactylum Tricornutum
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. - : Elsevier BV. - 0265-931X .- 1879-1700. ; 261
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anthropogenic radionuclides released into the environment cause a radiation dose to wildlife and humans which must be quantified, both to assess the effect of normal releases, and to predict the consequences of a larger, unplanned release. To estimate the spread of the radioactive elements, the ecosystem around release points is modelled, and element uptake is usually quantified by concentration factors (CF), which relates the concentration of an element in an organism to the concentration of the same element in a medium under equilibrium conditions. In this work, we experimentally determine some phytoplankton CF that are needed for improved modelling of the marine ecosystems around nuclear facilities and release points. CFs that require better determination have been identified through literature search. Sensitivity studies, using the currently used ecosystem modelling software PREDO, show that for most studied groups, the dose committed by the respective radionuclides is almost proportional to the corresponding phytoplankton CFs. In the present work, CFs are determined through laboratory experiments with cultured phytoplankton and radionuclides of the concerned elements, assessing the element uptake by the phytoplankton through detection of the emitted radiation. The three CF assessed in this work were those for manganese, zinc and iodine in phytoplankton. Conservative estimates of these CF based on the present data are 40 000 L/kg for manganese, 50 000 L/kg for zinc and 180 L/kg for iodine with the phytoplankton masses referring to their dry weight.
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