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Carlsson, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
Self-reported versus professionally assessed functional limitations in community-dwelling very old individuals.
2012
Ingår i: International Journal of Rehabilitation Research. - 1473-5660. ; 35:4, s. 299-304
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between self-reported and professionally assessed functional limitations in community-dwelling very old individuals. In total, 306 single-living adults aged 81-90 years were included in this cross-sectional study. The main outcome measure was the presence and absence of self-reported and professionally assessed functional limitations. A significant correlation was found between the total number of self-reported and professionally assessed functional limitations in the total sample (intraclass correlation=0.65) as well as in subgroups with respect to sex, age, and depression. When item-wise differences in the two assessments were assessed, the results showed significant differences for nine of the 15 functional limitations. In general, the participants reported more functional limitations as present than the professional did. In conclusion, research on self-reported and professionally assessed functional limitations contributes toward the understanding of how different modes of data collection influence the results. In this study, functional limitations were examined on a broad basis, including physical as well as cognitive and perceptual limitations. Once the assessments of self-reporting have been refined, we will have a more nuanced picture of functional limitations, incorporating self-report as well as professional assessments.Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war die Untersuchung der Beziehung zwischen selbst und professionell beurteilten Funktionseinschränkungen bei in der Gemeinschaft lebenden Menschen hohen Alters. Insgesamt wurden 306 allein lebende Erwachsene im Alter von 81-90 Jahren in diese Querschnittsstudie eingeschlossen. Die wichtigste verwendete ergebnisorientierte Messgröße war das Vorhandensein oder Fehlen von selbst und professionell beurteilten Funktionseinschränkungen. Es bestand eine signifikante Korrelation zwischen der Gesamtanzahl der selbst und professionell beurteilten Funktionseinschränkungen in der Stichprobe insgesamt (Intraclass-Korrelation=0.65) sowie in den Subgruppen mit Bezug auf Geschlecht, Alter und Depression. Bei der Beurteilung der Unterschiede unter Berücksichtigung der einzelnen Items wiesen die Ergebnisse signifikante Unterschiede bei neun der 15 Funktionseinschränkungen auf. Im Allgemeinen berichteten die Teilnehmer von mehr vorhandenen Funktionseinschränkungen als die Experten. Abschließend kann gesagt werden, dass die Forschung im Bereich der selbst und professionell beurteilten Funktionseinschränkungen zu einem besseren Verständnis dessen beiträgt, wie verschiedene Methoden der Datenerfassung die Ergebnisse beeinflussen. Im Rahmen dieser Studie wurden Funktionseinschränkungen, darunter physischer, kognitiver und perzeptiver Art, breit angelegt beurteilt. Sobald die Beurteilungsmethoden der Selbstanzeige weiterentwickelt sind, besitzen wir ein nuancierteres Bild der Funktionseinschränkungen mit eigener und professioneller Auswertung.El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar la relación entre las limitaciones funcionales indicadas por los propios sujetos y las evaluadas por profesionales en individuos de edad avanzada pertenecientes a una comunidad. En total, 306 adultos que vivían solos y de edad comprendida entre los 81 y los 90 años participaron en este estudio transversal. Los principales resultados obtenidos se basaron en la presencia y la ausencia de limitaciones funcionales indicadas por los propios sujetos y evaluadas por profesionales. Se observó una correlación significativa entre el número total de limitaciones funcionales indicadas por los propios sujetos y las evaluadas por profesionales (correlación intraclase=0.65), así como en los subgrupos, en relación con el sexo, la edad y la depresión. Tras analizar las diferencias entre los dos tipos de evaluación con respecto a las distintas variables, los resultados difirieron significativamente en nueve de las quince limitaciones funcionales. En general, los participantes indicaron que padecían más limitaciones funcionales que los profesionales. Como conclusión, la investigación sobre las limitaciones funcionales indicadas por los propios sujetos y evaluadas por profesionales contribuye a comprender cómo las distintas formas de recopilación de datos influyen en los resultados. En este estudio, las limitaciones funcionales se examinaron de manera general, incluyendo las limitaciones físicas, además de las cognitivas y las perceptivas. Una vez que se perfeccionen las evaluaciones realizadas por los propios sujetos, se poseerá una visión más clara de las limitaciones funcionales, que podrán incorporar tanto autoevaluaciones como evaluaciones realizadas por profesionales.Cette étude avait pour objet d'examiner la relation entre les limitations fonctionnelles auto-déclarées et professionnellement évaluées chez les personnes très âgées vivant dans la collectivité. Au total, 306 adultes de 81-90 ans vivant seuls ont été inclus dans cette étude transversale. Le critère de mesure principal était la présence ou l'absence de limitations fonctionnelles auto-déclarées ou professionnellement évaluées. Une corrélation significative a été observée entre le nombre total de limitations fonctionnelles autodéclarées et professionnellement évaluées dans l'échantillon total (corrélation interclasses=0.65) ainsi que dans les sous-groupes définis par sexe, âge et dépression. Lorsque les différences sur l'ensemble d'un item entre les deux évaluations ont été évaluées, les résultats ont fait apparaître des différences significatives pour neuf des 15 limitations fonctionnelles. En général, les participants ont signalé la présence d'un plus grand nombre de limitations fonctionnelles que les professionnels. En conclusion, les recherches sur les limitations fonctionnelles autodéclarées et professionnellement évaluées contribuent à la compréhension de la manière dont les différents modes de collecte des données influent sur les résultats. Dans cette étude, les limitations fonctionnelles ont été examinées sur une base large, en incluant notamment les limitations physiques ainsi que cognitives et perceptives. Une fois les évaluations autodéclarées affinées, nous aurons une image plus nuancée des limitations fonctionnelles, qui intégrera l'auto-évaluation ainsi que les évaluations professionnelles.
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Laustsen, Christine E., et al.
(författare)
Conceptualizing researchers’ perspectives on involving professionals in research : a group concept mapping study
2021
Ingår i: Health Research Policy and Systems. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1478-4505. ; 19:1
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Background: Researchers have shown an increased interest in involving professionals from outside academia in research projects. Professionals are often involved in research on ageing and health when the purpose is to address the gap between research and practice. However, there is a need to acquire more knowledge about what the involvement might lead to by exploring researchers’ experiences of involving professionals in research on ageing and health and developing conceptual areas. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify conceptual areas of professionals’ involvement in research on ageing and health, from the perspective of researchers themselves. Methods: Group concept mapping, a participatory and mixed method, was used to conceptualize areas. Researchers with experience of involving professionals in research projects on ageing and health participated in qualitative data collection through brainstorming sessions (n = 26), and by sorting statements (n = 27). They then took part in quantitative data collection, where they rated statements according to how much a statement strengthened research (n = 26) and strengthened practice (n = 24). Data were analysed using multidimensional scaling analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. In addition, a qualitative analysis of the latent meaning of the cluster map was conducted. Results: Analysis of the sorting stage generated five clusters illustrating conceptual areas of professionals’ involvement in research projects on ageing and health. The five clusters are as follows: complex collaboration throughout the research process; adaptation of research to different stakeholders, mutual learning through partnership; applicable and sustainable knowledge; legitimate research on ageing and health. The qualitative latent meaning of the cluster map showed two themes: the process of involvement and the outcome of involvement. A positive strong correlation (0.87) was found between the rating of strengthened research and practice. Conclusions: This study reveals conceptual areas on a comprehensive and illustrative map which contributes to the understanding of professionals’ involvement in research on ageing and health. A conceptual basis for further studies is offered, where the aim is to investigate the processes and outcomes entailed in involving professionals in research on ageing and health. The study also contributes to the development of instruments and theories for optimizing the involvement of professionals in research.
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Löfqvist, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
Use, non-use and perceived unmet needs of assistive technology among Swedish people in the third age.
2016
Ingår i: Disability and rehabilitation. Assistive technology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1748-3115 .- 1748-3107. ; 11:3, s. 195-201
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Abstract Purpose: To describe the most prominent use of or perceived unmet need of assistive technology (AT) and to compare the characteristics of users, non-users and those expressing perceived unmet need with respect to overall health, independence in everyday life, environmental barriers and socio-demographic features. Method: The study is based on data collected in the "Home and Health in the Third Age Project". In all, 371 individuals participated and data were collected during home visits in southern Sweden by interviewers trained specifically for this project. The data collection comprised well-proven self-report scales and observational formats on the home environment and health indicators as well as questions about basic demographics and socio-structural data. Results: The proportion of users constituted almost half of the total sample. The most common types of AT used were for furnishing/adaptation (35%) and the highest perceived unmet need concerned AT for communication, in total 8%. Those cohabiting were to a higher extent users of AT for furnishing/adaptation, compared to those who lived alone. A higher perceived unmet need was seen among those who lived alone compared with cohabiting people. Conclusions: These findings are of importance for future planning and development of policy to improve health services for the new generation of elderly. Implications for Rehabilitation In order to support the ageing process, the need for assistive technology has to be monitored in the third age. Assistive technology for furnishings and adaptation are frequently used by individuals in their third age and are important to support ageing in the home. Not only do health aspects impact the use of assistive technology, but gender, living conditions and social situation also matter - older men especially need to be monitored thoroughly according to their perceived unmet needs as well as do older persons living alone.
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Norin, Lizette, et al.
(författare)
Housing adaptations and housing accessibility problems among older adults with long-standing spinal cord injury
2021
Ingår i: British Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : SAGE Publications. - 0308-0226 .- 1477-6006. ; 84:12, s. 765-774
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Introduction: Adults with spinal cord injuries are living longer than previously, and a majority are living in ordinary housing in the community. Housing accessibility is important for maintaining independent occupational performance for this population, but knowledge in this area is insufficient. We investigated housing adaptations and current accessibility problems among older adults with long-standing (>10 years) spinal cord injuries. Method: Data from home visits among 122 older adults with spinal cord injuries in Sweden were used. Housing adaptations and environmental barriers were descriptively analysed. Findings: Kitchens, entrances, and hygiene areas were common locations for housing adaptations and environmental barriers that generated accessibility problems. The most common adaptations were ramps, wheelchair-accessible stovetops, and ceiling-lifts. Wall-mounted cupboards and high shelves (kitchen), inaccessible storage areas (outside the dwelling), and a lack of grab bars (hygiene area) generated the most accessibility problems. Conclusion: Despite housing adaptations, there are considerable accessibility problems in the dwellings of older adults with long-standing spinal cord injuries in Sweden, indicating that long-term follow-up of the housing situation of this population is necessary. Focusing on accessible housing as a prerequisite for occupational performance is at the core of occupational therapy, deserving attention on the individual as well as the societal level.
9.
Thordardottir, Björg, et al.
(författare)
"You plan, but you never know" - participation among people with different levels of severity of Parkinson's disease.
2014
Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 36:26, s. 2216-2224
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Abstract Purpose: The aim of this study was to improve our understanding of important aspects of participation in everyday life for people with different levels of severity of Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods: A qualitative design was used, with empirical data obtained from focus groups. The participants had all been diagnosed with PD at least one year prior to the start of the study. Purposeful sampling was used to ensure that both sexes, with variations in age, marital status, living arrangements, education and employment, were represented. Recruitment continued until saturation was reached and resulted in 29 participants. Homogeneity within each focus group was based on self-rated PD severity (mild, moderate or severe). Findings: The aspects that influence participation at different stages of PD are that those with PD stand out in public, as a result of disease-specific features, and that the disease is unpredictable. Planning was highlighted as a strategy that is required to support participation and cope with stress and to compensate for the fact that everyday activities demanded a great deal of time and energy. Conclusion: These findings are of importance to the development of rehabilitation interventions that support people with PD in maintaining their participation in everyday life, throughout the course of the disease. Implications for Rehabilitation PD severity and disease-specific problems (e.g. freezing of gait) need to be taken into account when tackling restrictions that affect participation. Interventions that aim to facilitate participation require different components and expertise depending on PD severity, as well as on individual preferences and needs. Structuring and planning everyday life might not facilitate participation for all those with PD, but concrete measures, such as making a schedule in order to structure daily life, may benefit those with milder PD.
