| 1. |
- Rizzi, Maria C, et al.
(författare)
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The potential of different countermeasures to prevent injuries with high risk of health loss among bicyclists in Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Traffic Injury Prevention. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1538-9588 .- 1538-957X. ; 21:3, s. 215-221
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: As bicyclists account for the largest share of serious injuries in Sweden, focus to improve safety for bicyclists is needed. While knowledge about fatal bicycle crashes is rather extensive, the number of studies that have investigated non-fatal injuries is still rather limited. The aim of this study was to estimate the potential of different countermeasures to reduce crashes resulting in injuries with high risk of health-loss among cyclists in Sweden. A further aim was to describe the residual—that is, crashes that were not considered to be addressed by the analyzed countermeasures. Methods: A sample of individuals with specific injury diagnoses was drawn from the Swedish national crash database Strada. A survey form was used to collect additional information about the crash and the health-related outcomes. The potential of countermeasures currently included in the Swedish Safety Performance Indicators, as well as of countermeasures that could be described as “existing but not fully implemented” was assessed. The overall potential of all countermeasures assessed was calculated, giving a grand total without double counting. Cases that were considered not to be addressed by any of the countermeasures included (i.e., the residual crashes) were described in more detail. Results: The current Swedish Safety Performance Indicators that relate to safe cycling addressed 22% of crashes. Improved maintenance by deicing and removal of snow from bicycle infrastructure was found to have the highest potential (8%), followed by improved crashworthiness of passenger cars (5%) and safer bicycle crossings (4%). The potential for existing but not fully implemented safety improvements was 56%. The greatest potential was found for Autonomous Emergency Braking with cyclist detection for passenger cars (12%), followed by studded winter tyres for bicycles (12%), and improved maintenance on non-bicycle infrastructure (11%). In total, taking double counting into consideration, all safety improvements could address 64% of all crashes. Among the residual crashes, the majority (69%) were single bicycle crashes of which most were related to wheel locking during braking and losing balance at low speed or stationary. Conclusions: Compared with fatal crashes that involve a majority of bicycle-car crashes, the crashes leading to health-loss are mostly single bicycle crashes. Therefore, innovation and development of additional countermeasures to improve safety for bicyclists should focus on single bicycle crashes.
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| 2. |
- Pauli Bock, Emelie, et al.
(författare)
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Literature Review : Evidence-Based Health Outcomes and Perceptions of the Built Environment in Pediatric Hospital Facilities.
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Pediatric Nursing. - : Elsevier. - 0882-5963 .- 1532-8449. ; 61, s. e42-e50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PROBLEM: The current knowledge of evidence-based design for adults is not always implemented when hospital buildings are designed. Scientific data are sparse on the effects of hospital design in pediatric settings on health outcomes in children, parents, and staff. The objective of this review is to determine the evidence-based impact of the built environment in pediatric hospital facilities on health outcomes in children, parents, and staff.ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: A systematic literature review was carried out on the electronic databases Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline and CINAHL from the period of 2008 to 2019. The review considered studies using either quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methodologies.SAMPLE: Out of 1414 reviewed articles the result is based on eight included articles.RESULTS: Two of these eight articles included health outcomes. The other six articles presented results on measures of perceptions and/or satisfaction for children, parents or staff with the built environment when transitioning to a new or renovated facility. These were generally higher for the new compared to the old facility.CONCLUSIONS: Given the small number of studies addressing the question posed in this review, no firm conclusions can be drawn.IMPLICATIONS: The review illustrates the need for more research in the pediatric setting assessing the evidence-based health outcomes of aspects of physical environmental design in pediatric hospitals or units in children, parents and staff.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Brolin, Karin, 1974
(författare)
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Human Body Models
- 2016
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Ingår i: Transport Planning and Traffic Safety - Making Cities, Roads, and Vehicles Safer. - 9781498751452 - 9781498751476 ; , s. 175-186
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Experimental studies with human subjects, volunteers or post mortem human subjects (PMHS)help us understand the biomechanics of the impact during a traffic crash. Anthropometric crash test dummies (ATDs) were developed to provide tools for the development and assessment of safety systems to address the variation in human anthropometry. ATDs are available with varying specifications of gender, age, and body sizes. Still, due to persistant limitations associated with ATDs and the advancement in computer based simulation capabilities, the human body computer models have become more popular in recent times. Their ability to simulate both precrash and post-crash scenarios, including active muscle response, has made them invaluable to crash analysis. This chapter discusses basic methodological considerations regarding human body models, includes a limited review of recently published whole body models, and briefly presents the biomechanical properties of human tissue. The chapter concludes with a discussion on futureoutlook and recommendations for targeted research on the aspect of injury predictability and making human body models more numerically robust.
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| 5. |
- Alt Murphy, Margit, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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An upper body garment with integrated sensors for people with neurological disorders – early development and evaluation
- 2019
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Ingår i: BMC Biomedical Engineering. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2524-4426. ; 1:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: To develop a novel wearable garment with integrated sensors for continuous monitoring of physiological and movement related variables to evaluate progression, tailor treatments and improve diagnosis in epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease and stroke. Methods: An iterative development process and evaluation of an upper body garment with integrated sensors included: identification of user needs, specification of technical and garment requirements, garment development and production as well as evaluation of garment design, functionality and usability. The project is a multidisciplinary collaboration with experts from medical, engineering, textile, and material science within the wearITmed consortium. The work was organized in regular meetings, task groups and hands-on workshops. User needs were identified using results from a mixed-methods systematic review, a focus group study and expert groups. Usability was evaluated in 19 individuals (13 controls, 6 patients with Parkinson’s disease) using semi-structured interviews and qualitative content analysis. Results: A prototype designed to monitor movements and heart rate was developed. The garment was well accepted by the users regarding design and comfort, although the users were cautious about the technology and suggested improvements. All electronic components passed a washability test. The most robust data was obtained from accelerometer and gyroscope sensors while the electrodes for heart rate registration were sensitive to motion. artefacts. The algorithm development within the wearITmed consortium has shown promising results. Conclusions: The prototype was accepted by the users. Technical improvements are needed, but preliminary data indicate that the garment has potential to be used as a tool for diagnosis and treatment selection and could provide added value for monitoring seizures in epilepsy, fluctuations in PD and activity levels in stroke. Future work aims to improve the prototype further, develop algorithms, and evaluate the functionality and usability in targeted patient groups. The potential of incorporating blood pressure and heart-rate variability monitoring will also be explored.
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| 6. |
- Hallvig, D., et al.
(författare)
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Sleepy driving on the real road and in the simulator - A comparison
- 2013
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Ingår i: Accident Analysis and Prevention. - : Elsevier BV. - 0001-4575 .- 1879-2057. ; 50, s. 44-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sleepiness has been identified as one of the most important factors contributing to road crashes. However, almost all work on the detailed changes in behavior and physiology leading up to sleep related crashes has been carried out in driving simulators. It is not clear, however, to what extent simulator results can be generalized to real driving. This study compared real driving with driving in a high fidelity, moving base, driving simulator with respect to driving performance, sleep related physiology (using electroencephalography and electrooculography) and subjective sleepiness during night and day driving for 10 participants. The real road was emulated in the simulator. The results show that the simulator was associated with higher levels of subjective and physiological sleepiness than real driving. However, both for real and simulated driving, the response to night driving appears to be rather similar for subjective sleepiness and sleep physiology. Lateral variability was more responsive to night driving in the simulator, while real driving at night involved a movement to the left in the lane and a reduction of speed, both of which effects were absent in the simulator. It was concluded that the relative validity of simulators is acceptable for many variables, but that in absolute terms simulators cause higher sleepiness levels than real driving. Thus, generalizations from simulators to real driving must be made with great caution.
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| 7. |
- Bakidou, Anna, 1996, et al.
(författare)
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On Scene Injury Severity Prediction (OSISP) model for trauma developed using the Swedish Trauma Registry
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making. - 1472-6947. ; 23:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Providing optimal care for trauma, the leading cause of death for young adults, remains a challenge e.g., due to field triage limitations in assessing a patient’s condition and deciding on transport destination. Data-driven On Scene Injury Severity Prediction (OSISP) models for motor vehicle crashes have shown potential for providing real-time decision support. The objective of this study is therefore to evaluate if an Artificial Intelligence (AI) based clinical decision support system can identify severely injured trauma patients in the prehospital setting. Methods: The Swedish Trauma Registry was used to train and validate five models – Logistic Regression, Random Forest, XGBoost, Support Vector Machine and Artificial Neural Network – in a stratified 10-fold cross validation setting and hold-out analysis. The models performed binary classification of the New Injury Severity Score and were evaluated using accuracy metrics, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and Precision-Recall curve (AUCPR), and under- and overtriage rates. Results: There were 75,602 registrations between 2013–2020 and 47,357 (62.6%) remained after eligibility criteria were applied. Models were based on 21 predictors, including injury location. From the clinical outcome, about 40% of patients were undertriaged and 46% were overtriaged. Models demonstrated potential for improved triaging and yielded AUC between 0.80–0.89 and AUCPR between 0.43–0.62. Conclusions: AI based OSISP models have potential to provide support during assessment of injury severity. The findings may be used for developing tools to complement field triage protocols, with potential to improve prehospital trauma care and thereby reduce morbidity and mortality for a large patient population.
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| 8. |
- Folke, Mia, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of the content of a web tool aimed to identify early markers related to fall risk among middle-aged people
- 2020
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Ingår i: Health and Technology. - : Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland. - 2190-7188 .- 2190-7196. ; 10:6, s. 1571-1578
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today, the health care sector has no test for early age-related deterioration in physical ability. The aim of this study was to evaluate questionnaires, videos and physical tests whose task will be to identify early markers related to an increased fall risk in middle-aged people. If the person is aware of deficits in physical ability related to fall risk, the person can then use that knowledge to perform relevant training that can strengthen the physical ability related to fall risk. Self-efficacy for balance and strength, physical ability related to fall risk and body composition were measured for 36 middle-aged test participants. This study shows that the tested physical exercises were useful for self-assessment of physical ability. Impairment in physical ability could not be identified solely with measurement of body composition, walking speed, questions, videos that show adjustments that are common in people with impaired balance, or an extended version of the Short version of Activities-specific Balance Confidence scale. This study indicates that a combination of questionnaires, videos and physical exercises can evaluate physical ability and act as a method to identify early markers related to increased fall risk. The questionnaire, videos and physical exercises can be implemented in a web tool that could make persons aware that they have decreased physical ability regarding fall risk or that they needlessly make physical compensations when performing daily activities and thus are missing opportunities to strengthen their physical ability every day.
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| 9. |
- Björnson Skogström, Lisa, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Women’s Experiences of Physical Features in a Specially Designed Birthing Room: A Mixed-Methods Study in Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: HERD. - : SAGE Publications. - 2167-5112 .- 1937-5867. ; 15:3, s. 193-205
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To explore women’s experiences of physical features in a birthing room designed to be adaptable to personal wishes and needs during labor and birth. Background: Childbirth is a central life event influenced by numerous factors, including the healthcare environment; however, there is insufficient knowledge on how the physical design affects women during birth. Methods: This study was part of a randomized controlled trial in the Room4Birth research project, including women randomized to receive care in a new birthing room designed with physical features changeable according to personal wishes. Data consisted of responses to two questions analyzed with descriptive statistics (n = 202) and semi-structured interviews analyzed for content (n = 19). Results: A total of 93.6% (n = 189) assessed the physical features in the birthing room as meaningful to a very high or high extent. The overall impression of the room was positive and exceeded women’s expectations. They felt welcomed and strengthened by the room, which shifted the focus to a more positive emotional state. The room differed from traditional hospital birthing rooms, contained familiar features that maintained integrity, and had space for companions. The variety of physical features was appreciated. Of nine listed physical features, the bathtub was ranked most important, followed by the projection of nature scenery, and dimmable lighting, but the room as a whole appeared most important. Conclusions: When planning and designing hospital-based birthing rooms, it is crucial to offer possibilities to adapt the room and physical features according to personal wishes.
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| 10. |
- Munoz-Novoa, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Upper Limb Stroke Rehabilitation Using Surface Electromyography: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1662-5161. ; 16
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Upper limb impairment is common after stroke, and many will not regain full upper limb function. Different technologies based on surface electromyography (sEMG) have been used in stroke rehabilitation, but there is no collated evidence on the different sEMG-driven interventions and their effect on upper limb function in people with stroke. Aim: Synthesize existing evidence and perform a meta-analysis on the effect of different types of sEMG-driven interventions on upper limb function in people with stroke. Methods: PubMed, SCOPUS, and PEDro databases were systematically searched for eligible randomized clinical trials that utilize sEMG-driven interventions to improve upper limb function assessed by Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA-UE) in stroke. The PEDro scale was used to evaluate the methodological quality and the risk of bias of the included studies. In addition, a meta-analysis utilizing a random effect model was performed for studies comparing sEMG interventions to non-sEMG interventions and for studies comparing different sEMG interventions protocols. Results: Twenty-four studies comprising 808 participants were included in this review. The methodological quality was good to fair. The meta-analysis showed no differences in the total effect, assessed by total FMA-UE score, comparing sEMG interventions to non-sEMG interventions (14 studies, 509 participants, SMD 0.14, P 0.37, 95% CI –0.18 to 0.46, I2 55%). Similarly, no difference in the overall effect was found for the meta-analysis comparing different types of sEMG interventions (7 studies, 213 participants, SMD 0.42, P 0.23, 95% CI –0.34 to 1.18, I2 73%). Twenty out of the twenty-four studies, including participants with varying impairment levels at all stages of stroke recovery, reported statistically significant improvements in upper limb function at post-sEMG intervention compared to baseline. Conclusion: This review and meta-analysis could not discern the effect of sEMG in comparison to a non-sEMG intervention or the most effective type of sEMG intervention for improving upper limb function in stroke populations. Current evidence suggests that sEMG is a promising tool to further improve functional recovery, but randomized clinical trials with larger sample sizes are needed to verify whether the effect on upper extremity function of a specific sEMG intervention is superior compared to other non-sEMG or other type of sEMG interventions.
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