| 1. |
- Sharma, Sonia, et al.
(author)
-
A new instrument for assessing work-related body mechanics and strain in the general population
- 2023
-
In: Journal of Pain. - : Elsevier. - 1526-5900 .- 1528-8447. ; 24:2, s. 237-250
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Clinical pain is often linked to poor body mechanics, with individuals sometimes presenting multiple painful disorders. Such disorders may be influenced by behaviors that affect the general resiliency and health of the musculoskeletal system. We aimed to develop a self-reported scale using the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study questions on work-related body mechanical exposures. An expert panel identified 41 variables having content validity for musculoskeletal problems. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted on a random selection of 50% of the cohort (n=6,789 adults); the remaining was reserved for confirmatory factor analyses (CFA), item response theory (IRT) item calibration, and differential item functioning investigations. Supported by standard measure development methods and fit criteria, the final unidimensional item bank contains 13 items. Overall CFA statistics (root mean square error of approximation=0.09; comparative fit index=0.96; Tucker-Lewis index=0.96; standardized root mean residuals=0.05) indicated excellent single-factor model fit and appropriateness of IRT modeling and calibration. Expert review and item information values (score-precision) guided selection of an 8-item short form with acceptable score-level reliabilities (≥0.70) for T-scores=39-80+. This measure provides reliable assessment of body mechanics strain in adults and can be useful when evaluating different contributions to musculoskeletal problems affecting pain-treatment success in future clinical research. Perspective: This article presents the development and psychometric properties of a new measure, "Work-related Body Mechanics and Strain Scale (WR-BMSS)." The scale has 13-items or alternatively an 8-item short form. This measure could potentially help clinicians who seek to assess how musculoskeletal problems may contribute to patient pain and disability.
|
|
| 2. |
- Öhlen, Joakim, 1958-, et al.
(author)
-
Conceptual development of "at-homeness'' despite illness and disease : A review
- 2014
-
In: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1748-2623 .- 1748-2631. ; 9
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Only one empirical study, the one by Zingmark, Norberg and Sandman published in 1995, explicitly focuses on at-homeness, the feeling of being metaphorically at-home, as a particular aspect of wellness. However, other studies reveal aspects of at-homeness, but if or how such aspects of at-homeness are related to each other is unclear. For this reason, the aim was to review Scandinavian nursing research related to at-homeness in the context of wellness-illness in severe and long-term conditions in order to take a step towards conceptual clarification of "at-homeness.'' The review included interpretive studies related to severe and long-term illness conducted in Sweden: 10 original articles and 5 doctoral theses. "At-homeness'' was found to be a contextually related meaning of wellness despite illness and disease embedded in the continuum of being metaphorically at-home and metaphorically homeless. This was characterized by three interrelated aspects and four processes: being safe through expanding-limiting experiences of illness and time, being connected through reunifying-detaching ways of relating, and being centred through recognition-non-recognition of oneself in the experience and others giving-withdrawing a place for oneself. This conceptualization is to be regarded as a step in conceptual clarification. Further empirical investigation and theoretical development of "at-homeness'' are needed. The conceptualization will be a step of plausible significance for the evaluation of interventions aimed at enhancing wellness for people with severe long-term illness, such as the frail elderly, and people with chronic illness or palliative care needs.
|
|
| 3. |
- Enander, Viveka, 1967, et al.
(author)
-
Before the killing: Intimate partner homicides in a process perspective, part I
- 2021
-
In: Journal of Gender-Based Violence. - : Policy Press. - 2398-6808 .- 2398-6816. ; 5:1, s. 59-74
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper puts intimate partner homicide (IPH) into a process perspective, and describes the situational precursors that constitute the build-up, i.e. the first stage of the IPH process that precedes the deed. Fifty court files, from cases involving 40 male and 10 female perpetrators, underwent thematic analysis. Our findings indicate that the build-up phase of an IPH is complex and encompasses several different features, of which some are clearly gendered. The results point to an escalation during the build-up: of possessiveness and violent behaviour in male-to-female cases, of alcohol/drug abuse, of mental health problems and/or of fears for the future, often connected to separation. Concurrent with previous research we found that women often kill in the context of their own victimisation. However, also other situations and motives protruded as pertinent. The practical implications of these findings are that practitioners should be particularly attentive to escalation of known risk factors, especially male possessiveness, and be aware that (the victim wanting) a separation may initiate escalation with lethal consequences.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Johansson, Gunvi, 1950-, et al.
(author)
-
Young adults' views on the relevance of three measures for oral health-related quality of life
- 2015
-
In: International Journal of Dental Hygiene. - Malden, MA : John Wiley & Sons. - 1601-5029 .- 1601-5037. ; 13:3, s. 184-191
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore the views of young adults on the relevance of three measures of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). METHODS: Sixteen young adults aged 21-29 years were interviewed. The selection was strategic with reference to age (21-25 years.; 26-30 years), sex and education (university degree; upper secondary school). The interview guide covered areas on the content and construction of the measures: The Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP), the Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (OIDP) and the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life UK (OHRQoL-UK). The data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. RESULTS: A theme expressing the latent content was formulated during the data analysis: 'young adults' own experiences were reflected in their views on the OHRQoL measures'; that is, the experiences of young adults of own oral problems and aspects that were found to be especially important for their age group influenced their view on the measures. The self-reported ability to understand and answer the questions varied and the perceived advantages and disadvantages were almost equally distributed among the three measures. CONCLUSIONS: The OHIP, OIDP and OHRQoL-UK were evaluated as being equal by the young adults in this study, with regard both to their pros and cons. The clarity of the measures was regarded as the most important factor, while the length and assessment period were less significant.
|
|
| 6. |
- Häggman Henrikson, Birgitta, et al.
(author)
-
Temporomandibular Disorder Pain After Whiplash Trauma: A Systematic Review
- 2013
-
In: Journal of Orofacial Pain. - : Quintessence. - 1064-6655 .- 1945-3396. ; 27:3, s. 217-226
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims: To assess, by systematic review of the literature, (1) the prevalence and incidence of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) pain after whiplash trauma, and (2) whether treatment modalities commonly used for TMD are equally effective in patients with solely TMD pain and those with TMD/whiplash-associated disorders (WAD) pain. Methods: A systematic literature search of the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Bandolier databases was conducted from January 1966 through October 2012. The systematic search identified 125 articles. After an initial screening of abstracts, 45 articles were reviewed in full text. Two investigators evaluated the methodological quality of each identified study. Results: Eight studies on prevalence/incidence of TMD pain in WAD and four studies on interventions in TMD pain and WAD met the inclusion criteria. The reported median prevalence of TMD pain after whiplash trauma was 23% (range 2.4% to 52%) and the incidence ranged from 4% to 34%. For healthy controls, the reported median prevalence was 3% (range 2.5% to 8%) and the incidence ranged from 4.7% to 7%. For patients with a combination of TMD pain and WAD, treatment modalities conventionally used for TMD, such as jaw exercises and occlusal splints, had less of an effect (median improvement rate of 48%, range 13% to 68%) compared to TMD patients without a whiplash injury (75%, range 51% to 91%). Conclusion: There is some evidence that prevalence and incidence of TMD pain is increased after whiplash trauma. The poorer treatment outcome suggests that TMD pain after whiplash trauma has a different pathophysiology compared to TMD pain localized to the facial region.
|
|
| 7. |
- Ahmadi, Zainab, et al.
(author)
-
Smoking and home oxygen therapy : a review and consensus statement from a multidisciplinary Swedish taskforce
- 2024
-
In: European Respiratory Review. - : European Respiratory Society. - 0905-9180 .- 1600-0617. ; 33:171
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Home oxygen therapy (HOT) improves survival in patients with hypoxaemic chronic respiratory disease. Most patients evaluated for HOT are former or active smokers. Oxygen accelerates combustion and smoking may increase the risk of burn injuries and fire hazards; therefore, it is considered a contraindication for HOT in many countries. However, there is variability in the practices and policies regarding this matter. This multidisciplinary Swedish taskforce aimed to review the potential benefits and risks of smoking in relation to HOT, including medical, practical, legal and ethical considerations.Methods: The taskforce of the Swedish Respiratory Society comprises 15 members across respiratory medicine, nursing, medical law and ethics. HOT effectiveness and adverse risks related to smoking, as well as practical, legal and ethical considerations, were reviewed, resulting in five general questions and four PICO (population–intervention–comparator–outcome) questions. The strength of each recommendation was rated according to the GRADE (grading of recommendation assessment, development and evaluation) methodology.Results: General questions about the practical, legal and ethical aspects of HOT were discussed and summarised in the document. The PICO questions resulted in recommendations about assessment, management and follow-up of smoking when considering HOT, if HOT should be offered to people that meet the eligibility criteria but who continue to smoke, if a specific length of time of smoking cessation should be considered before assessing eligibility for HOT, and identification of areas for further research.Conclusions: Multiple factors need to be considered in the benefit/risk evaluation of HOT in active smokers. A systematic approach is suggested to guide healthcare professionals in evaluating HOT in relation to smoking.
|
|
| 8. |
- Sjöblom, Ingela, et al.
(author)
-
Being a homebirth midwife in the Nordic countries – a phenomenological study
- 2015
-
In: Sexual & Reproductive HealthCare. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-5756 .- 1877-5764. ; 2015:6, s. 126-131
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: To describe the lived experience of being a homebirth midwife in the Nordic countries. Methods: Interviews conducted with 21 homebirth midwives from the five Nordic countries were analyzed with a phenomenological approach. Results: The essential structure of being a homebirth midwife in the Nordic countries can be understood as realizing altruistic values and fulfilling one’s own desires for working life, by facilitating the desires of the women giving birth. By being “active-passive” – using all her senses and letting her intuition lead her – the midwife supports women during labor and birth. Medical skills, evidence-based knowledge and experience are important for providing the optimal care in each situation. Further this becomes the midwife’s chosen lifestyle, which alters her own self, making her available to assist the mother-to-be in fulfilling her wishes for a good birth. Finally, being able to use one’s own full potential during a home birth is experienced as the ideal way of working as a midwife, practicing the art of midwifery. Conclusion: The experience of being a homebirth midwife in the Nordic countries includes making an adaption to a lifestyle that is considered the basis for a satisfactory and rewarding way of working. A sense of fulfillment is achieved through experiencing the possibility to work according to one’s own ideals concerning the art of midwifery. The beliefs about a woman’s ability to give birth and understanding the importance of a positive birth for both the mother and the newborn baby are essential.
|
|
| 9. |
- Svedberg, Petra, 1973-, et al.
(author)
-
Psychometric evaluation of “The 25-item Sex after MI Knowledge Test” in a Swedish context
- 2012
-
In: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - Malden, USA : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 26:1, s. 203-208
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The patients’ sexual life after a myocardial infarction is important for his/her quality of life. In spite of this, many patients are in doubt regarding their sex life after a myocardial infarction (MI) and the sexual information received, and counselling from health care providers has been seen to be insufficient. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of ‘The 25-item Sex after MI Knowledge Test’ in a Swedish context. A convenience sample was recruited. The scale was translated into Swedish and completed by 79 former patients from The Heart and Lung Patients’ National Association on two occasions, with an interval of 2 weeks. The scale was tested for face and content validity, internal consistency and test–retest reliability. The result in this study indicates that the instrument has good face and content validity and displayed a moderate internal consistency (alpha 0.61). The instrument showed some level of instability in test–retest reliability with 60% of the items presenting moderate or strong agreement between the test and retest. Further studies that use this instrument in larger and more diverse samples are thus needed.
|
|
| 10. |
- Thorell, Gabriella, et al.
(author)
-
From giving orders to engaging in dialogue : Military norms being challenged at the Swedish riding school
- 2018
-
In: International Review for the Sociology of Sport. - London, UK : Sage Publications. - 1012-6902 .- 1461-7218. ; 53:4, s. 451-470
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Equestrian sport is one of the largest sports among young girls in Sweden. A majority of these girls get their riding education at riding schools that provide horses and instructors. Previous research has pointed out that the Swedish riding school is characterised by a traditional stable culture that originated in army practices. Presently Swedish children and youth sport at large are undergoing a change driven by increased commercialisation and individualisation. The aim of this article is therefore to explore and analyse how Swedish riding instructors perceive and experience their professional role in regards to these changes. Interviews with 10 riding instructors have been analysed using a constructivist approach of Grounded theory, as well as institutional theory and institutional economic theory. It was discovered that the riding instructors, due to an economic recession, feel that the institutional arrangements of the riding schools have become governed by the economy. The riding instructors thus feel impelled to change and adapt to new teaching styles - from instruction characterised by giving orders to teaching characterised by dialogue. This study illustrates how economic challenges require continuous development of the riding instructors' pedagogical ability, and have made them more aware of their profession, its historical heritage and norms.
|
|
