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Sökning: hsv:(MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP) hsv:(Hälsovetenskap) > Ahrén Bo

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2.
  • Ahrén, Bo, et al. (författare)
  • Effects of conjugated linoleic acid plus n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on insulin secretion and estimated insulin sensitivity in men.
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5640 .- 0954-3007. ; Sep 3, s. 778-786
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background/Objectives:Dietary addition of either conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) or n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAs) has been shown to alter adiposity and circulating lipids, risk markers of cardiovascular diseases. However, CLA may decrease insulin sensitivity, an effect that may be reversed by n-3 LC-PUFA. Thus, the potential of CLA plus n-3 LC-PUFA to affect insulin secretion and sensitivity in non-diabetic young and old, lean and obese subjects was tested.Subjects/Methods:CLA (3 g daily) plus n-3 LC-PUFA (3 g daily) or control oil (6 g daily) was given to lean (n=12; BMI 20-26 kg/m(2)) or obese (n=10; BMI 29-35 kg/m(2)) young (20-37 years old) or lean (n=16) or obese (n=11) older men (50-65 years) for 12 weeks. The study had a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized crossover design, and primary end points were insulin secretion and sensitivity during a standardized meal test, evaluated by modeling glucose, insulin and C-peptide data.Results:The combination was well tolerated. There was no significant difference in fasting levels of glucose, insulin or C-peptide after CLA/n-3 LC-PUFA treatment compared with control oil. Neither insulin secretion nor estimated sensitivity was affected by CLA/n-3 LC-PUFA in lean or obese young subjects or in older lean subjects. However, in older obese subjects, estimated insulin sensitivity was reduced with CLA/n-3 LC-PUFA compared with control (P=0.024).Conclusions:The results do not support beneficial effects of CLA/n-3 LC-PUFA for beta-cell dysfunction or insulin resistance in humans but suggest that insulin sensitivity in older obese subjects is reduced.European Journal of Clinical Nutrition advance online publication, 3 September 2008; doi:10.1038/ejcn.2008.45.
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3.
  • Alsalim, Wathik, et al. (författare)
  • Insulin and incretin hormone responses to rapid versus slow ingestion of a standardized solid breakfast in healthy subjects.
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism. - : Wiley. - 2398-9238. ; 2:2, s. 1-5
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • People with repeated rapid meal ingestion have been reported to have increased risk of insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance and obesity. To explore whether speed of eating a breakfast influences the postprandial rise of glucose, insulin and the incretin hormones, 24 healthy subjects (12 men and 12 women, mean age 62 years) ingested a standardized solid breakfast consisting of 524 kcal (60% from carbohydrate, 20% from protein, 20% from fat) over 5 or 12 minutes on separate days in random order. Breakfast ingestion increased circulating glucose and insulin with maximal levels seen at 30 minutes after start of meal ingestion with no significant difference in the two tests. Similarly, breakfast increased circulating levels of total (reflecting secretion) glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) with, again, no difference between the tests. Furthermore, gastric emptying, as revealed by the indirect paracetamol test, did not differ between the tests. We therefore conclude that the speed of breakfast ingestion does not affect the postprandial rise of glucose, insulin or incretin hormones in healthy subjects
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4.
  • Dahlqvist, S., et al. (författare)
  • Variables associated with HbA1c and weight reductions when adding liraglutide to multiple daily insulin injections in persons with type 2 diabetes (MDI Liraglutide trial 3)
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: BMC Open Diabetes Research and Care. - : BMJ. - 2052-4897. ; 6:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective To evaluate variables associated with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and weight reduction when adding liraglutide to persons with type 2 diabetes treated with multiple daily insulin injections (MDI). Research design and methods This was a reanalysis of a previous trial where 124 patients were enrolled in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter randomized trial carried out over 24 weeks. Predictors for effect on change in HbA1c and weight were analyzed within the treatment group and with concurrent interaction analyses. Correlation analyses for change in HbA1c and weight from baseline to week 24 were made. Results The mean age at baseline was 63.7 years, 64.8% were men, the mean number of insulin injections was 4.4 per day, the mean daily insulin dose was 105 units and the mean HbA1c was 74.5 mmol/mol (9.0%). The mean HbA1c and weight reductions were 12.3 mmol/mol (1.13%; P<0.001) and 3.8 kg (P<0.001) greater in liraglutide than placebo-Treated persons. There was no significant predictor for greater effect on HbA1c that existed in all analyses (univariate, multivariate and interaction analyses against controls). For a greater weight reduction when adding liraglutide, a lower HbA1c level at baseline was a predictor (liraglutide group P=0.002, P=0.020 for liraglutide group vs placebo). During follow-up in the liraglutide group, no significant correlation was found between change in weight and change in HbA1c (r=0.09, P=0.46), whereas a correlation existed between weight and insulin dose reduction (r=0.44, P<0.001). Conclusion Weight reduction becomes greater when adding liraglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with MDI who had a lower HbA1c level compared with those with a higher HbA1c level. There was no correlation between reductions in HbA1c and weight when liraglutide was added, that is, different patient groups responded with HbA1c and weight reductions. Trial registration number EudraCT nr: 2012-001941-42. © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.
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5.
  • Johansson, A, et al. (författare)
  • Testosterone and diurnal rhythmicity of leptin, TNF-alpha and TNF-II receptor in insulin-resistant myotonic dystrophy patients
  • 2002
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Obesity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5497 .- 0307-0565. ; 26:10, s. 1386-1392
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: To investigate the leptin and TNF systems in relation to testosterone in insulin resistant myotonic dystrophy (DM1) subjects. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: Fasting morning samples and diurnal sampling during 24 h. Forty-two DM1 subjects (20 women and 22 men; age 41.5 (28.5-58.7)y, body mass index (BMI) 23.3 (18.6-29.2)kg/m(2); median and 10th and 90th percentile, respectively). Fifty healthy volunteers (23 women and 27 men; age 42 (27.0-56.9)y, BMI 24.0 (20.7-29.7) kg/m(2)). Nine men with DM1 and nine healthy men participated in diurnal sampling. MEASUREMENTS: Body composition was measured by bioelectric impedance analysis. Circulating levels of leptin, TNF-alpha, TNFR-II, insulin, testosterone and lipids were measured. The number of CTG triplet repeats was analysed. RESULTS: Basal as well as median 24 h levels of leptin and TNFR-II were significantly increased in DM1 patients, independent of body fat mass. This was associated with higher insulin and lower testosterone levels in DM1 patients. The genetic defect was related to leptin and TNFR-II levels in DM1 patients. CONCLUSION: Hyperleptinemia in DM1 is clearly linked to the concomitant hypogonadism. The genetic defect may directly or indirectly contribute to increased leptin levels. Increased exposure of cytokines may contribute to insulin resistance and other hormonal disturbances in DM1.
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6.
  • Jönsson, Tommy, et al. (författare)
  • A Paleolithic diet confers higher insulin sensitivity, lower C-reactive protein and lower blood pressure than a cereal-based diet in domestic pigs.
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Nutrition & Metabolism. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1743-7075. ; 3:Article nr. 39
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A Paleolithic diet has been suggested to be more in concordance with human evolutionary legacy than a cereal based diet. This might explain the lower incidence among hunter-gatherers of diseases of affluence such as type 2 diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to experimentally study the long-term effect of a Paleolithic diet on risk factors for these diseases in domestic pigs. We examined glucose tolerance, post-challenge insulin response, plasma C-reactive protein and blood pressure after 15 months on Paleolithic diet in comparison with a cereal based swine feed.
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7.
  • Jönsson, Tommy, et al. (författare)
  • A paleolithic diet is more satiating per calorie than a mediterranean-like diet in individuals with ischemic heart disease.
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Nutrition & Metabolism. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1743-7075. ; 7, s. 85-99
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We found marked improvement of glucose tolerance and lower dietary energy intake in ischemic heart disease (IHD) patients after advice to follow a Paleolithic diet, as compared to a Mediterranean-like diet. We now report findings on subjective ratings of satiety at meals and data on the satiety hormone leptin and the soluble leptin receptor from the same study.
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8.
  • Khan, A, et al. (författare)
  • Long-term leptin treatment of ob/ob mice improves glucose-induced insulin secretion
  • 2001
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Obesity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5497 .- 0307-0565. ; 25:6, s. 816-821
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have demonstrated that leptin inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from isolated islets, although a lack of leptin effect on insulin secretion has also been reported. The effect of long term in vivo leptin treatment of insulin secretion has, however, not been established. Therefore, in the present study, we have evaluated the effect of long term in vivo treatment of leptin on glucose-induced insulin secretion in ob/ob mice. METHODS: After 7 days' treatment of leptin (100 microg daily s.c.), insulin release was measured in isolated islets by batch incubation followed by radioimmunoassay. Glucose utilization and oxidation were measured by measuring the formation of (3)H(2)O and (14)CO(2) from [5-(3)H] and [U-(14)C] glucose, respectively. Glucose-6-phosphatase activity was measured by measuring the conversion of (14)C-glucose-6-P to (14)C-glucose. In addition, immunohistochemistry of pancreatic specimens was undertaken for study of expression of insulin, GLUT-2 and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL). RESULTS: Leptin treatment significantly improved insulin secretion both at 5.5 mM (by 15%; P<0.05) and 16.7 mM (by 85%; P<0.001) glucose, compared to vehicle-treated controls. Furthermore, whereas leptin treatment did not affect islet insulin or DNA contents, a significant decrease in islet triglyceride content and glucose-6-phosphatase activity was observed. Moreover, the immunocytochemical data revealed an increased immunostaining for insulin, GLUT-2 and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) in islets from leptin-treated ob/ob mice. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that long-term leptin treatment of ob/ob mice improves glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in parallel with reduced glucose-6-phosphatase activity, increased HSL and decreased triglyceride levels in islets. These perturbations may explain the improvement of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion induced by leptin.
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9.
  • Larsson, Hillevi, et al. (författare)
  • Evidence for leptin regulation of food intake in humans
  • 1998
  • Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 83:12, s. 4382-4385
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The adipocyte hormone leptin regulates body weight in mice by decreasing food intake and increasing energy expenditure. Whether leptin is of physiological importance for these processes in humans is, however, not clear. We therefore studied the relation between leptin and habitual food intake in 64 healthy postmenopausal women. Dietary habits were assessed with a modified diet history method. Body fat content was measured using bioelectrical impedance. In the 64 women, aged 58.6 ± 0.4 yr (mean ± SD), serum leptin was 19.3 ± 12.7 ng/mL, body mass index was 25.0 ± 3.5 kg/m2, body fat content was 31.6 ± 4.3%, fasting glucose was 4.6 ± 0.5 mmol/L, and fasting insulin was 56 ± 21 pmol/L. Leptin levels were negatively correlated to total energy intake (r = -0.34; P = 0.006), carbohydrate intake (r = - 0.36; P = 0.004), and total (r = -0.27; P = 0.034) as well as saturated fat intake (r = -0.31; P = 0.014). Leptin was correlated to the absolute, but not to the percent, intake of these nutrients. When normalized for body fat content, the correlations remained significant. Our results suggest that plasma leptin is involved in the physiological regulation of food intake in humans, and that leptin is related to the quantity rather than the quality of habitual food intake.
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10.
  • Linderoth, Ann, et al. (författare)
  • Binding and the effect of the red kidney bean lectin, phytohaemagglutinin, in the gastrointestinal tract of suckling rats
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: British Journal of Nutrition. - 1475-2662. ; 95:1, s. 105-115
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Enteral exposure of suckling rats to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) has been shown to induce growth and precocious functional maturation of the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of the present study was to explore the mechanism of this action. Suckling rats, 14 d old, were fed a single dose of PHA (0.05 mg/g body weight) or saline. The binding of PHA to the gut epithelium and its effect on the morphology and functional properties of the gut and pancreas were studied up to 3 d after treatment. Initially, at 1-24 h, the PHA bound along the gut mucosal lining, resulting in disturbed gut morphology with villi shortening and rapid decreases in disaccharidase activities and macromolecular absorption capacity. During a later phase, between 1 and 3 d, the PHA binding had declined, and an uptake by enterocytes was observed. An increase in crypt cell proliferation and gut growth became evident during this period, together with a functional maturation, as indicated by increases in disaccharidase (maltase and sucrase) activities and the low macromolecular absorption capacity. Pancreas growth also increased, as did its content of digestive enzymes. We conclude that enteral exposure to PHA in suckling rats temporarily causes mucosal disarrangement and functional impediment of the gut, which may be explained by binding to and disruption of the gut mucosa and a two-fold increase in the plasma corticosterone concentration. These findings may lead to a better understanding of the role of diet in gastrointestinal maturation and may constitute a basis for the treatment of mammals having an immature gut.
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