| 1. |
- Bergdahl, Ingvar A., et al.
(författare)
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Non-renal effects and the risk assessment of environmental cadmium exposure.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Environmental health perspectives. - : Environmental Health Perspectives. - 1552-9924 .- 0091-6765. ; 122:5, s. 431-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exposure to cadmium (Cd) has long been recognized as a health hazard, both in industry and in general populations with high exposure. Under the currently prevailing health risk assessment, the relationship between urinary Cd (U-Cd) concentrations and tubular proteinuria is used. However, doubts have recently been raised regarding the justification of basing the risk assessment on this relationship at very low exposure.
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| 2. |
- Bergdahl, Ingvar A., et al.
(författare)
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Mercury in serum predicts low risk of death and myocardial infarction in Gothenburg women.
- 2013
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Ingår i: International archives of occupational and environmental health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-1246 .- 0340-0131. ; 86:1, s. 71-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Purpose Markers of mercury (Hg) exposure have shown both positive and negative associations with cardiovascular disease (CVD). We assessed the association between serum Hg (S–Hg) and risk of cardiovascular disease in a prospective population-based cohort, with attention to the roles of dental health and Wsh consumption. Methods Total mortality, as well as morbidity and mortality from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and stroke, was followed up for 32 years in 1,391 women (initially age 38–60), in relation to S–Hg at baseline, using Cox regression models. Potential confounders (age, socioeconomic status, serum lipids, alcohol consumption, dental health, smoking, hypertension, waist-hip ratio, and diabetes) and other covariates (e.g., Wsh consumption) were also considered. Results Hazard ratios (HR) adjusted only for age showed strong inverse associations between baseline S–Hg and total mortality [highest quartile: hazard ratio (HR) 0.76; 95% conWdence interval (CI) 0.59–0.97], incident AMI (HR 0.56; CI 0.34–0.93), and fatal AMI (HR 0.31; CI 0.15–0.66). Adjustment for potential confounding factors, especially dental health, had a strong impact on the risk estimates, and after adjustment, only the reduced risk of fatal AMI remained statistically signiWcant. Conclusions There was a strong inverse association between Hg exposure and CVD. Likely, reasons are confounding with good dental health (also correlated with the number of amalgam Wllings in these age groups) and/or Wsh consumption. The results suggest potential eVects of dental health and/or Wsh consumption on CVD that deserve attention in preventive medicine.
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| 3. |
- Wennberg, Maria, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Fish consumption and myocardial infarction : a second prospective biomarker study from northern Sweden
- 2011
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : American Society for Nutrition. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 93:1, s. 27-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A beneficial role of fish consumption on the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) has been reported, mostly ascribed to n-3 fatty acids. However, fish also contains methylmercury, which may increase the risk of MI.Objective: Describe how fish consumption and erythrocyte concentrations of mercury (Ery-Hg) and selenium (Ery-Se) are related to the risk of MI, and whether n-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid) in plasma phospholipids (P-EPA+DHA) are protective.Design: This is a case-control study nested within the northern Sweden cohort with prospectively collected data and samples. It comprises 431 cases with an MI after data and sample collection, including 81 sudden cardiac deaths (SCD), and 499 matched controls. Another 69 female cases with controls from a breast cancer screening registry were included in sex-specific analyses.Results: Odds ratio (OR) for the third tertile versus the first were for Ery-Hg: 0.65 (95% CI: 0.46, 0.91); Ery-Se: 0.75 (95% CI: 0.53, 1.06) and P-EPA+DHA: 0.78 (95% CI: 0.54, 1.11). No association was seen for reported fish consumption. Multivariate modelling did not change these associations significantly. Sex-specific analyses revealed no differences in risk associations for Ery-Hg, but a tendency to a higher protective association with P-EPA+DHA for women. High levels of Ery-Se were associated with increased risk of SCD.Conclusions: Ery-Hg, a stable biomarker for fish consumption, is associated with a decreased risk of MI. The result indicates a protective effect of fish consumption against MI, even though data on self-reported fish consumption do not reveal any clear protective association.
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| 4. |
- Schillemans, Tessa, et al.
(författare)
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Plasma metabolites associated with exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and risk of type 2 diabetes – A nested case-control study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Environment International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widespread persistent environmental pollutants. There is evidence that PFAS induce metabolic perturbations in humans, but underlying mechanisms are still unknown. In this exploratory study, we investigated PFAS-related plasma metabolites for their associations with type 2 diabetes (T2D) to gain potential mechanistic insight in these perturbations. We used untargeted LC-MS metabolomics to find metabolites related to PFAS exposures in a case-control study on T2D (n = 187 matched pairs) nested within the Västerbotten Intervention Programme cohort. Following principal component analysis (PCA), six PFAS measured in plasma appeared in two groups: 1) perfluorononanoic acid, perfluorodecanoic acid and perfluoroundecanoic acid and 2) perfluorohexane sulfonic acid, perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid. Using a random forest algorithm, we discovered metabolite features associated with individual PFAS and PFAS exposure groups which were subsequently investigated for associations with risk of T2D. PFAS levels correlated with 171 metabolite features (0.16 ≤ |r| ≤ 0.37, false discovery rate (FDR) adjusted p < 0.05). Out of these, 35 associated with T2D (p < 0.05), with 7 remaining after multiple testing adjustment (FDR < 0.05). PCA of the 35 PFAS- and T2D-related metabolite features revealed two patterns, dominated by glycerophospholipids and diacylglycerols, with opposite T2D associations. The glycerophospholipids correlated positively with PFAS and associated inversely with risk for T2D (Odds Ratio (OR) per 1 standard deviation (1-SD) increase in metabolite PCA pattern score = 0.2; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 0.1–0.4). The diacylglycerols also correlated positively with PFAS, but they associated with increased risk for T2D (OR per 1-SD = 1.9; 95% CI = 1.3–2.7). These results suggest that PFAS associate with two groups of lipid species with opposite relations to T2D risk.
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| 5. |
- Wennberg, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Diet and lifestyle factors associated with fish consumption in men and women : a study of whether gender differences can result in gender-specific confounding
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nutrition Journal. - : BioMed Central. - 1475-2891 .- 1475-2891. ; 11, s. 101-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Fish consumption and intake of omega-3 fatty acids from fish are associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease. However, a prospective study from northern Sweden showed that high consumption of fish is associated with an increased risk of stroke in men, but not in women. The current study aimed to determine if fish consumption is differently related to lifestyle in men compared with women in northern Sweden.METHODS: Lifestyle information on 32,782 men and 34,866 women (aged 30--60 years) was collected between 1992 and 2006 within the Vasterbotten Intervention Programme (a health intervention in northern Sweden). Spearman correlation coefficients (Rs) were calculated for associations between self-reported consumption of fish and other food items or lifestyle variables.RESULTS: Fish consumption was positively associated with other foods considered healthy (e.g., root vegetables, lettuce/cabbage/spinach/broccoli, chicken, and berries; Rs = 0.21-0.30), as well as with other healthy lifestyle factors (e.g., exercise and not smoking) and a higher educational level, in both men and women. The only gender difference found, concerned the association between fish consumption and alcohol consumption. Men who were high consumers of fish had a higher intake of all types of alcohol compared with low to moderate fish consumers. For women, this was true only for wine.CONCLUSIONS: Except for alcohol, the association between fish consumption and healthy lifestyle did not differ between men and women in northern Sweden. It is important to adjust for other lifestyle variables and socioeconomic variables in studies concerning the effect of fish consumption on disease outcome.
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| 6. |
- Wennberg, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Myocardial infarction in relation to mercury and fatty acids from fish : a risk-benefit analysis based on pooled Finnish and Swedish data in men
- 2012
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 96:4, s. 706-713
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Exposure to methylmercury from fish has been associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI) in some studies. At the same time, marine n-3 (omega-3) PUFAs are an inherent constituent of fish and are regarded as beneficial. To our knowledge, no risk-benefit model on the basis of data on methylmercury, PUFA, and MI risk has yet been presented.Objective: The objective of this study was to describe how exposure to both marine n-3 PUFAs and methylmercury relates to MI risk by using data from Finland and Sweden.Design: We used matched case-control sets from Sweden and Finland that were nested in population-based, prospective cohort studies. We included 361 men with MI from Sweden and 211 men with MI from Finland. MI risk was estimated in a logistic regression model with the amount of mercury in hair (hair-Hg) and concentrations of n-3 PUFAs (EPA and DHA) in serum (S-PUFA) as independent variables.Results: The median hair-Hg was 0.57 mu g/g in Swedish and 1.32 mu g/g in Finnish control subjects, whereas the percentage of S-PUFA was 4.21% and 3.83%, respectively. In combined analysis, hair-Hg was associated with higher (P = 0.005) and S-PUFA with lower (P = 0.011) MI risk. Our model indicated that even a small change in fish consumption (ie, by increasing S-PUFA by 1%) would prevent 7% of MIs, despite a small increase in mercury exposure. However, at a high hair-Hg, the modeled beneficial effect of PUFA on MI risk was counteracted by methylmercury.Conclusions: Exposure to methylmercury was associated with increased risk of MI, and higher S-PUFA concentrations were associated with decreased risk of MI. Thus, MI risk may be reduced by the consumption of fish high in PUFAs and low in methylmercury.Am J Clin Nutr 2012;96:706-13.
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| 7. |
- Engström, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of the impact of genetic polymorphisms in glutathione-related genes on the association between methylmercury or n-3 polyunsaturated long chain fatty acids and risk of myocardial infarction : a case-control study
- 2011
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Ingår i: Environmental Health. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1476-069X. ; 10:33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, which are present in fish, are protective against myocardial infarction. However, fish also contains methylmercury, which influences the risk of myocardial infarction, possibly by generating oxidative stress. Methylmercury is metabolized by conjugation to glutathione, which facilitates elimination. Glutathione is also an antioxidant. Individuals with certain polymorphisms in glutathione-related genes may tolerate higher exposures to methylmercury, due to faster metabolism and elimination and/or better glutathione-associated antioxidative capacity. They would thus benefit more from the protective agents in fish, such as eicosapentaenoic+docosahexaenoic acid and selenium. The objective for this study was to elucidate whether genetic polymorphisms in glutathione-related genes modify the association between eicosapentaenoic+docosahexaenoic acid or methylmercury and risk of first ever myocardial infarction. Methods: Polymorphisms in glutathione-synthesizing (glutamyl-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit, GCLC and glutamyl-cysteine ligase modifier subunit, GCLM) or glutathione-conjugating (glutathione S-transferase P, GSTP1) genes were genotyped in 1027 individuals from northern Sweden (458 cases of first-ever myocardial infarction and 569 matched controls). The impact of these polymorphisms on the association between erythrocyte-mercury (proxy for methylmercury) and risk of myocardial infarction, as well as between plasma eicosapentaenoic+docosahexaenoic acid and risk of myocardial infarction, was evaluated by conditional logistic regression. The effect of erythrocyte-selenium on risk of myocardial infarction was also taken into consideration. Results: There were no strong genetic modifying effects on the association between plasma eicosapentaenoic+docosahexaenoic acid or erythrocyte-mercury and risk of myocardial infarction risk. When eicosapentaenoic+docosahexaenoic acid or erythrocyte-mercury were divided into tertiles, individuals with GCLM-588 TT genotype displayed a lower risk relative to the CC genotype in all but one tertile; in most tertiles the odds ratio was around 0.5 for TT. However, there were few TT carriers and the results were not statistically significant. The results were similar when taking plasma eicosapentaenoic+docosahexaenoic acid, erythrocyte-selenium and erythrocyte-mercury into account simultaneously. Conclusions: No statistically significant genetic modifying effects were seen for the association between plasma eicosapentaenoic+docosahexaenoic acid or erythrocyte-mercury and risk of myocardial infarction. Still, our results indicate that the relatively rare GCLM-588 TT genotype may have an impact, but a larger study is necessary for confirmation.
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| 8. |
- Hebels, Dennie G. A. J., et al.
(författare)
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Performance in omics analyses of blood samples in long-term storage : opportunities for the exploitation of existing biobanks in environmental health research
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Health Perspectives. - : Environmental Health Perspectives. - 0091-6765 .- 1552-9924. ; 121:4, s. 480-487
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The suitability for omic analysis of biosamples collected in previous decades and currently stored in biobanks is unknown.Objectives: We evaluated the influence of handling and storage conditions of blood-derived biosamples on transcriptomic, epigenomic (CpG methylation), plasma metabolomic [UPLC-ToFMS (ultra performance liquid chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry)], and wide-target proteomic profiles.Methods: We collected fresh blood samples without RNA preservative in heparin, EDTA, or citrate and held them at room temperature for ≤ 24 hr before fractionating them into buffy coat, erythrocytes, and plasma and freezing the fractions at -80oC or in liquid nitrogen. We developed methodology for isolating RNA from the buffy coats and conducted omic analyses. Finally, we analyzed analogous samples from the EPIC-Italy and Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study biobanks.Results: Microarray-quality RNA could be isolated from buffy coats (including most biobank samples) that had been frozen within 8 hr of blood collection by thawing the samples in RNA preservative. Different anticoagulants influenced the metabolomic, proteomic, and to a lesser extent transcriptomic profiles. Transcriptomic profiles were most affected by the delay (as little as 2 hr) before blood fractionation, whereas storage temperature had minimal impact. Effects on metabolomic and proteomic profiles were noted in samples processed ≥ 8 hr after collection, but no effects were due to storage temperature. None of the variables examined significantly influenced the epigenomic profiles. No systematic influence of time-in-storage was observed in samples stored over a period of 13-17 years.Conclusions: Most samples currently stored in biobanks are amenable to meaningful omics analysis, provided that they satisfy collection and storage criteria defined in this study.
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| 9. |
- Kelly, Rachel S., et al.
(författare)
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Blood erythrocyte concentrations of cadmium and lead and the risk of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma : a nested case-control study
- 2013
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 8:11, s. Article Number: UNSP e81892-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are hypothesised to be risk factors for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), a group of haematological malignancies with a suspected environmental aetiology. Within the EnviroGenoMarkers study we utilised pre-diagnostic erythrocyte concentrations of Cd and Pb to determine whether exposure was associated with risk of B-cell NHL and multiple myeloma. Methods: 194 incident cases of B-cell NHL and 76 cases of multiple myeloma diagnosed between 1990 and 2006 were identified from two existing cohorts; EPIC-Italy and the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study. Cases were matched to healthy controls by centre, age, gender and date of blood collection. Cd and Pb were measured in blood samples provided at recruitment using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Logistic regression was applied to assess the association with risk. Analyses were stratified by cohort and gender and by subtype where possible. Results: There was little evidence of an increased risk of B-cell NHL or multiple myeloma with exposure to Cd (B-cell NHL: OR 1.09 95%CI 0.61, 1.93, MM: OR 1.16 95% CI: 0.40, 3.40) or Pb (B-cell NHL: 0.93 95% CI 0.43, 2.02, multiple myeloma: OR 1.63 95% CI 0.45, 5.94) in the total population when comparing the highest to the lowest quartile of exposure. However, gender and cohort specific differences in results were observed. In females the risk of B-cell NHL was more than doubled in those with a body burden of Cd >1 mu g/L (OR 2.20 95% CI; 1.04, 4.65). Conclusions: This nested case-control study does not support a consistent positive association between Cd or Pb and NHL, but there is some indication of a gender specific effect suggesting further research is warranted.
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| 10. |
- Shirdel, Mariam, et al.
(författare)
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Passive personal air sampling of dust in a working environment : A pilot study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1545-9624 .- 1545-9632. ; 16:10, s. 675-684
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to make a preliminary evaluation of the University of North Carolina passive aerosol sampler (UNC sampler) for personal air sampling of particles. Nine personal air samplings of respirable fraction were conducted in an open-pit mine, with pairwise UNC samplers and a respirable cyclone mounted on the chest of workers. UNC samples were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and to some extent energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Respirable cyclone filter samples were weighed. Correlations and particle elemental compositions were described. Microscopic imaging of the collection surface showed that the particles were heterogeneously deposited across the surface of the UNC sampler. Collected particles were shaped as gravel particles and the resulting particle size distribution in air showed a peak at ca. 3 µm aerodynamic diameter, similarly to what has previously been reported from the same mine. The elemental composition indicated mineral origin. All correlations between the airborne mass concentrations from UNC samplers and respirable cyclones (Pearson = 0.54 and Spearman = 0.43) and between pairs of parallel UNC samplers (Pearson = 0.55 and Spearman = 0.67) were weak. The UNC sampler mass concentrations were approximately 30 times higher than those measured with the respirable cyclone. In conclusion, the UNC sampler, when used for personal sampling in a mine, provides a reasonable particle size distribution and the deposited particles appeared to be of mineral origin and not from textile or skin but the approximately 30-fold overestimation of mass concentrations when comparing with respirable cyclone sampling indicates that further improvements are necessary. Positioning of the sampler may be critical and moving the UNC sampler from the chest to e.g. the top of a helmet might be an improvement. Grounding of the sampler in order to avoid static electricity might also be useful. The UNC sampler should continue to be researched for personal sampling, as passive sampling might become a useful alternative to more laborious sampling techniques.
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