1.
Mazzoni, Anne-Sophie, et al.
(författare)
The Role of Long-Term Physical Activity in Relation to Cancer-Related Health Outcomes : A 12-Month Follow-up of the Phys-Can RCT
2023
Ingår i: Integrative Cancer Therapies. - : Sage Publications. - 1534-7354 .- 1552-695X. ; 22
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Purpose:While moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) is associated with various health improvements shortly after completion of exercise interventions, it remains unclear which health benefits can be expected when MVPA levels are maintained in the long term in cancer survivors. We aimed to assess the associations of (1) MVPA level at 12-month follow-up and (2) long-term MVPA patterns (from immediately post-intervention to 12-month follow-up) with different cancer-related health outcomes. Methods:In the Physical training and Cancer (Phys-Can) RCT, 577 participants diagnosed with breast (78%), prostate (19%), or colorectal (3%) cancer were randomized to 6 months of exercise during curative cancer treatment. Accelerometer-assessed physical activity and outcome data (ie, cancer-related fatigue, health-related quality of life [HRQoL], anxiety and depression, functioning in daily life, cardiorespiratory fitness, sedentary time and sleep) were collected immediately post-intervention and at 12-month follow-up. Based on the sample's median of MVPA immediately post-intervention (65 minutes/day) and the changes between the 2 measurement points, 4 categories with different long-term MVPA patterns were created: High & Increasing, High & Decreasing, Low & Increasing, and Low & Decreasing. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed for the analyses. Results:A total of 353 participants were included in the analyses. At 12-month follow-up, a higher MVPA level was significantly associated with lower fatigue in 3 domains (general fatigue [& beta; = -.33], physical fatigue [& beta; = -.53] and reduced activity [& beta; = -.37]), higher cardiorespiratory fitness (& beta; = .34) and less sedentary time (& beta; = -.35). For long-term MVPA patterns, compared to the participants in the "Low & Decreasing" category, those in the "High & Increasing" category reported significantly lower fatigue in 3 domains (general fatigue [& beta; = -1.77], physical fatigue [& beta; = -3.36] and reduced activity [& beta; = -1.58]), higher HRQoL (& beta; = 6.84) and had less sedentary time (& beta; = -1.23). Conclusion:Our results suggest that long-term physical activity is essential for improving health outcomes post-intervention in cancer survivors. Cancer survivors, including those who reach recommended MVPA levels, should be encouraged to maintain or increase MVPA post-intervention for additional health benefits.
2.
Bonde, J. P. E., et al.
(författare)
Occupational risk of COVID-19 across pandemic waves: a two-year national follow-up study of hospital admissions
2022
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health. - : Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - 0355-3140 .- 1795-990X. ; 48:8, s. 672-677
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Objective Assuming that preventive measures to mitigate viral transmission of SARS-CoV-2 at the workplace may have been improved in the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, we examined the occupational risk of COVID-19 related hospital admission across the four pandemic waves in Denmark between week 8, 2020, and week 50, 2021. Methods The study included 4416 cases of COVID-19 related hospital admissions among 2.4 million Danish employees aged 20-69 with follow-up in 2020 through 2021. At-risk industrial sectors and a reference population were defined a priory by a job-exposure matrix on occupational risk for COVID-19. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) and potential effect modification by pandemic wave were computed with Poisson regression adjusted for demographic, social and health factors including completed COVID-19 vaccination. Results We observed an overall elevated relative risk in four of six at-risk industrial sectors, but the pandemic wave only modified the risk among healthcare employees, where the excess risk from a high initial level declined to background levels during the latest waves in models not adjusting for COVID-19 vaccination. In social care, education and transport, the elevated risk was not modified by pandemic wave. Conclusion Danish healthcare employees were to some extent protected against occupational transmission of SARS-CoV-2 during the two last pandemic waves even though the absolute risk conferred by occupation may not have been eliminated. Early vaccination of this group seems not to be the only explanation. The risk in other sectors remained elevated indicating a need to revisit preventive measures.
3.
Nagel, Cicilia, et al.
(författare)
Nurses’ Work Environment during the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Person-Centred Practice : A Systematic Review
2022
Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 14:10, s. 1-36
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat) abstract
The work environment and especially the psychosocial work environment influence the mental and physical well-being of employees. The aim of this study was to identify and analyse the state of knowledge regarding nurses’ work situation, health, and person-centred work during the COVID-19 pandemic through a systematic review. Methods: Systematic Review, nine included articles. The theoretical swAge model was used as the framework in a deductive content analysis. Results: The result was presented in the nine determinate areas from the swAge model and showed that all nine determinate areas of the swAge model were of importance to both the nurses’ sustainable work situation during the COVID-19 pandemic and to person-centred care. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative effect on nurses’ health, both physically but especially psychologically, with high levels of depression, anxiety, and burnout. Nurses experienced a lack of control and support from organizations. They had to work with limited resources and sometimes care for patients beyond their expertise. Conclusion: There is a further need for more studies that address person-centredness from an organisational perspective with the intention to develop strategies and measure activities on how to make the nurses’ work situation more sustainable, and to increase their ability to give more person-centred care.
4.
Orban, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
Effect of an Occupation-Focused Family Intervention on Change in Parents' Time Use and Children's Body Mass Index.
2014
Ingår i: American Journal of Occupational Therapy. - Bethesda : AOTA Press. - 0272-9490 .- 1943-7676. ; 68:6, s. 217-226
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
OBJECTIVE. This study explored factors related to changes in the time parents spent with their children with obesity and associated decreases in children's body mass index (BMI) z-scores after an occupation-focused intervention. METHOD. Parents participated in a 1-yr occupation-focused intervention to promote healthy family lifestyles. Data on 40 parents of 22 children with obesity ages 4-6 yr were collected before and after intervention and analyzed using linear and multiple regression methods. RESULTS. Parents increased time spent with their children by an average of 91 min/day. Parents' finances, perceived satisfaction in daily occupations, low BMI, and mastery at inclusion were associated with increased time spent with their children. Mothers' subjective health and high mastery and fathers' perceived occupational value and education explained 67% of the variance in children's BMI z-scores. CONCLUSION. The results indicate important factors to consider in developing interventions that facilitate occupational engagement and health among children with obesity and their families.
5.
Nilsson, Kerstin
(författare, creator_code:000000023193205X_t)
Toward a sustainable working life for all ages : the swAge-model
2022
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat) abstract
Background: The demographic shift is fast becoming a global challenge. Populations ageing rapidly is widely seen as one of the most powerful transformative forces affecting society over the next four decades. Due to the demographic challenge in most countries it is important to consider making working life sustainable. It is obvious that the main factor that distinguishes senior workers from other employees is their age. However, a sustainable working life is of importance in all age groups when working life will be extended to a higher age. Aim: Towards a theoretical model with an impact on a sustainable working life for all ages, the swAge-model. Method: The theoretical model, the swAge-model, is developed based on grounded theory using qualitative studies, quantitative studies, intervention projects and literature reviews. Result: The swAge-model incorporates the four determinant spheres, divided into nine determinant areas, of employability and considerations spheres whether individuals can and want to participate in working life or not, i.e.: Health effects of the work environment; 1. self-rated health, diagnoses and disability function variation, 2. physical work environment and injury prevention, 3. mental work environment, stress, effort/reward balance, violence and threats, 4. working hours, the pace at work, and recovery time, Finance; 5. private finances, Relationships and support; 6. Private social environment, family situation, partner, leisure interactions, socialisation, 7. work social environment, participation, social support, leadership and managerial attitudes, discrimination, Performance of tasks; 8. stimulating and self-crediting tasks, core in work, and work satisfaction, 9. knowledge, skills, competence, and opportunities for development. Those determinant spheres and determinant areas associate to different ageing concepts, i.e.: • biological ageing, • chronological ageing, • social ageing, • cognitive ageing. The model also includes proposed measures at the organisation/enterprise level and at the society level based on the four determinants spheres at the individual level. Conclusion: The theoretical swAge-model describes how to reflect on working life and presents tools to extend working life in a sustainable way for older workers in modern society. The swAge -model’s analysis and measure matrix could be a practical tool at the workplace for managers, HR and employees, and in the critical debate to make the working life sustainable for all ages.
6.
Flyborg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
Results of objective brushing data recorded from a powered toothbrush used by elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment related to values for oral health
2024
Ingår i: Clinical Oral Investigations. - : Springer Nature. - 1432-6981 .- 1436-3771. ; 28:1
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Objectives: The study aimed to investigate how the objective use of a powered toothbrush in frequency and duration affects plaque index, bleeding on probing, and periodontal pocket depth ≥ 4 mm in elderly individuals with MCI. A second aim was to compare the objective results with the participants’ self-estimated brush use.Materials and methods: Objective brush usage data was extracted from the participants’ powered toothbrushes and related to the oral health variables plaque index, bleeding on probing, and periodontal pocket depth ≥ 4 mm. Furthermore, the objective usage data was compared with the participants’ self-reported brush usage reported in a questionnaire at baseline and 6- and 12-month examination.Results: Out of a screened sample of 213 individuals, 170 fulfilled the 12-month visit. The principal findings are that despite the objective values registered for frequency and duration being lower than the recommended and less than the instructed, using powered toothbrushes after instruction and information led to improved values for PI, BOP, and PPD ≥ 4 mm in the group of elderly with MIC.Conclusions: Despite lower brush frequency and duration than the generally recommended, using a powered toothbrush improved oral health. The objective brush data recorded from the powered toothbrush correlates poorly with the self-estimated brush use.Clinical relevance: Using objective brush data can become one of the factors in the collaboration to preserve and improve oral health in older people with mild cognitive impairment. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05941611, retrospectively registered 11/07/2023.
7.
Nivestam, Anna, et al.
(författare)
Older person’s experiences of benefits gained from the support and advice given during preventive home visits
2021
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 35:4, s. 1096-1103
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Background: Life expectancy is increasing all over the world. To be able to support this positive development, health interventions focusing on promotion and prevention are crucial. Preventive home visits represent one example of a health intervention which addresses both promotion through a supportive dialogue and prevention by giving advice. However, to give support and advice that older persons experience as beneficial, there is a need for more research. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore older person’s experiences of the benefits gained from the support and advice given during the preventive home visit. Method: Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 older persons, median age 77 years old, living at home, who had received a preventive home visit. The interviews were analysed with content analysis. Findings: The overarching theme Becoming empowered and recognised as a person was experienced as the major benefit of the support and advice given during the preventive home visit. The support and advice generated conditions for the person to become empowered, by contributing to a feeling of control and preparedness for the future. Furthermore, the support and advice given contributed to a feeling of becoming recognised as a person, as an outcome of the supportive dialogue and the assessment of their health, behaviour and their surrounding environment. Conclusion: The support and advice given during the preventive home visit were experienced as person-centred, and conditions for becoming empowered were created. In order to create a positive outcome from the support and advice given during the preventive home visit, it seems important to focus on providing both a supportive dialogue and a structured assessment.
8.
Rydberg Sterner, Therese, et al.
(författare)
The Gothenburg H70 Birth cohort study 2014-16: design, methods and study population.
2019
Ingår i: European journal of epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-7284 .- 0393-2990. ; 34:2, s. 191-209
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
To improve health care for older persons, we need to learn more about ageing, e.g. identify protective factors and early markers for diseases. The Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies (the H70 studies) are multidisciplinary epidemiological studies examining representative birth cohorts of older populations in Gothenburg, Sweden. So far, six birth cohorts of 70-year-olds have been examined over time, and examinations have been virtually identical between studies. This paper describes the study procedures for the baseline examination of the Birth cohort 1944, conducted in 2014-16. In this study, all men and women born 1944 on specific dates, and registered as residents in Gothenburg, were eligible for participation (n = 1839). A total of 1203 (response rate 72.2%; 559 men and 644 women; mean age 70.5 years) agreed to participate in the study. The study comprised sampling of blood and cerebrospinal fluid, psychiatric, cognitive, and physical health examinations, examinations of genetics and family history, use of medications, social factors, functional ability and disability, physical fitness and activity, body composition, lung function, audiological and ophthalmological examinations, diet, brain imaging, as well as a close informant interview, and qualitative studies. As in previous examinations, data collection serves as a basis for future longitudinal follow-up examinations. The research gained from the H70 studies has clinical relevance in relation to prevention, early diagnosis, clinical course, experience of illness, understanding pathogenesis and prognosis. Results will increase our understanding of ageing and inform service development, which may lead to enhanced quality of care for older persons.
9.
Schmidt, Manuela, et al.
(författare)
Experiences of well-being among female doctoral students in Sweden
2014
Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1748-2623 .- 1748-2631. ; 9:23059
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
The aim of this study was to explore how female PhD students experience and perceive their well-being. Focus groups were conducted with female PhD students employed at a Swedish university. The study was performed using a phenomenological hermeneutic approach based on the concept of the lifeworld, used as both a philosophical perspective and a methodology. Three main themes emerged from the analysis: being true to oneself, being in the sphere of influence, and performing a balancing act. By unfolding these themes, the study shows that perceptions and experiences of well-being in female PhD students are a multifaceted phenomenon and materialize through interaction of different aspects of ‘‘self ’’ (agent) and ‘‘others’’ (structure). As well as illustrating these perceptions and experiences, the study also presents female PhD students’ conceptualization of their well-being, expressed in terms of a white-water rafting metaphor.
10.
