| 1. |
- Boggs, Dorothy, et al.
(författare)
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Rating early child development outcome measurement tools for routine health programme use.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Archives of disease in childhood. - : BMJ. - 1468-2044 .- 0003-9888. ; 104:Suppl 1, s. S22-S33
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Identification of children at risk of developmental delay and/or impairment requires valid measurement of early child development (ECD). We systematically assess ECD measurement tools for accuracy and feasibility for use in routine services in low-income and middle-income countries (LMIC).Building on World Bank and peer-reviewed literature reviews, we identified available ECD measurement tools for children aged 0-3 years used in ≥1 LMIC and matrixed these according to when (child age) and what (ECD domains) they measure at population or individual level. Tools measuring <2 years and covering ≥3 developmental domains, including cognition, were rated for accuracy and feasibility criteria using a rating approach derived from Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations.61 tools were initially identified, 8% (n=5) population-level and 92% (n=56) individual-level screening or ability tests. Of these, 27 tools covering ≥3 domains beginning <2 years of age were selected for rating accuracy and feasibility. Recently developed population-level tools (n=2) rated highly overall, particularly in reliability, cultural adaptability, administration time and geographical uptake. Individual-level tool (n=25) ratings were variable, generally highest for reliability and lowest for accessibility, training, clinical relevance and geographical uptake.Although multiple measurement tools exist, few are designed for multidomain ECD measurement in young children, especially in LMIC. No available tools rated strongly across all accuracy and feasibility criteria with accessibility, training requirements, clinical relevance and geographical uptake being poor for most tools. Further research is recommended to explore this gap in fit-for-purpose tools to monitor ECD in routine LMIC health services.
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| 2. |
- Nilsson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Structural differences of the semantic network in adolescents with intellectual disability
- 2021
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Ingår i: Big Data and Cognitive Computing. - : MDPI AG. - 2504-2289. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The semantic network structure is a core aspect of the mental lexicon and is, therefore, a key to understanding language development processes. This study investigated the structure of the semantic network of adolescents with intellectual disability (ID) and children with typical development (TD) using network analysis. The semantic networks of the participants (nID = 66; nTD = 49) were estimated from the semantic verbal fluency task with the pathfinder method. The groups were matched on the number of produced words. The average shortest path length (ASPL), the clustering coefficient (CC), and the network’s modularity (Q) of the two groups were compared. A significantly smaller ASPL and Q and a significantly higher CC were found for the adolescents with ID in comparison with the children with TD. Reasons for this might be differences in the language environment and differences in cognitive skills. The quality and quantity of the language input might differ for adolescents with ID due to differences in school curricula and because persons with ID tend to engage in different out-of-school activities compared to TD peers. Future studies should investigate the influence of different language environments on the language development of persons with ID.
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| 3. |
- Kougioumtzis, Konstantin, 1966
(författare)
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Physical literacy in physically inactive children and adolescents
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Physical Education : A Review Publication. - 0341-8685. ; 59:1, s. 12-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study highlights physical literacy in a group of physically inactive children and adolescents in Greece. More specifically, the objective is to describe physical literacy in terms of motivation, competence, environment, the sense of the self, expression, interaction, and knowledge and understanding. Fifty-seven children and twelve adolescents participated in focus-group and one-to-one interviews, respectively. The interviews focused on four themes: leisure time, environment, parents, and previous experiences from physical activity. The analysis of the results revealed in-depth information and a general pattern. Concerning the in-depth information, the quotes, on the one hand, indicated the relatively good perceived competence and the knowledge and understanding of the premises and benefits of a physically active lifestyle. On the other hand, the children and adolescents articulated issues of damaged motivation, lack of appropriate facilities, and previous negative experiences from sports participation. Concerning the general pattern, motivational and environmental barriers were more frequent than, e.g., competence-associated issues. The prominent motivational barriers were lack of time and damaged motivation, while the environmental barriers concerned the lack of appropriate facilities. Physical activity enhancement in physically inactive youth requires individual-oriented strategies and systemic efforts. More specifically, interventions targeting peer groups and the school as a hub of the local community might provide extra possibilities for children and adolescents to engage in PA.
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| 4. |
- Langegård, Ulrica, et al.
(författare)
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Internet-based support for informal caregivers to individuals with head and neck cancer (Carer eSupport): a study protocol for the development and feasibility testing of a complex online intervention.
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMJ open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 12:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is strongly recommended that randomised controlled trials are preceded with an exploration of the needs of the target population and feasibility testing of the intervention. The present study protocol is set out to describe these steps in the development of a complex intervention.The past decades' transition of care from inpatient to outpatient settings has increased the complexity of caregivers' responsibilities, which they may not be prepared for. There is a need to support informal caregivers (ICs) to prepare them for caregiving and decrease the caregiver burden. The main aim of this study is to describe the development of an internet-based intervention (Carer eSupport) to improve ICs' ability to support individuals with head and neck cancer and to describe the testing of the feasibility and acceptability of Carer eSupport.This is a multicentre study involving the ear, nose and throat clinics and the oncology and radiotherapy clinics at three university hospitals. The study protocol comprises two phases, development and feasibility testing, using the Medical Research Council framework for developing a complex intervention. Carer eSupport will be based on the results from focus group discussions with ICs and healthcare professionals (planned for n=6-8 in respective groups) and scientific evidence, the Social Cognitive Theory and the Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. The feasibility testing will include 30 ICs who will have access to Carer eSupport for 1 month. The feasibility testing will be evaluated with a mixed-method design.All procedures have been approved by the Ethics Committee at Uppsala University (Dnr: 2020-04650). Informed consent will be obtained before enrolment of patients, their ICs and healthcare staff. The feasibility testing is registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (Identifier: NCT05028452). Findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journal publications.Clinicaltrials.gov (Identifier: NCT05028452).
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| 5. |
- Nässen, Nina, et al.
(författare)
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Arcs on speedskating straightaways: forces, energy and angular momentum
- 2023
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Ingår i: Physics Education. - 0031-9120 .- 1361-6552. ; 58:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The 10 000 m speedskating event during the 2022 winter Olympics brought a new world record at 12 min and 30.74 s. In a document released after the competitions, the gold medalist Nils van der Poel describes his technique, including a focus on horizontal forces and a rapid sideways motion in connection with stride changes on the straight sections of the track (the ‘straightaways’). Based on a video of the race, together with his written description, we suggest that van der Poel makes use of the properties of angular momentum to increase his speed during a stride by a rapid inwards shift of the centre of mass.
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