| 1. |
- Campbell, Ian, et al.
(författare)
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The relation between the age at diagnosis of problem behaviors related to aggression and distal outcomes in Swedish children
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. - : Springer. - 1018-8827 .- 1435-165X. ; 28:7, s. 899-911
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Severe childhood aggressive behaviors are known to predict negative outcomes later in life; however, little is known about the effect of when in childhood aggression problems are diagnosed. While an earlier first diagnosis of problematic aggressive behavior might be associated with increased severity and, thus, worse outcomes, it is also possible that an earlier diagnosis affords an earlier start of treatment programs or indicates that greater attention is being paid to behavioral problems, thus resulting in attenuation of the severity of childhood aggression's impact on distal outcomes. The current study analyzed data from the population-based Swedish Data Registries, which include data on all children formally diagnosed by the Swedish medical system with a wide range of aggression problems between ages 8 and 18 (N = 5816) during the years 1987-2013, along with a matched control. Time-to-event analyses investigated whether the age at time of diagnosis affects later life outcomes while controlling for relevant confounders. Results show that for both boys and girls, those with a later diagnosis had lower average incomes (regression coefficient b = - 0.055, p < 0.005) and a higher probability of having a criminal record (odds ratio 1.126, p < 0.005) than children with earlier diagnoses. The effect on suicide attempts was not significant after correcting for multiple testing (odds ratio 1.264, p = 0.016). Grade score was not significantly affected. The results warrant further research concerning the potential advantage of earlier diagnoses, especially concerning generalizability beyond the Swedish population.
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| 2. |
- Liu, Shengxin, et al.
(författare)
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Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetes and Mood, Anxiety, and Stress-Related Disorders: A Genetically Informative Register-Based Cohort Study.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Diabetes care. - : American Diabetes Association. - 1935-5548 .- 0149-5992. ; 45:12, s. 2950-2956
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To assess the association and familial coaggregation between early-onset type 2 diabetes (diagnosed before age 45 years) and mood, anxiety, and stress-related disorders and estimate the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to their co-occurrence.This population-based cohort study included individuals born in Sweden during 1968-1998, from whom pairs of full siblings, half-siblings, and cousins were identified. Information on diagnoses of early-onset type 2 diabetes and mood (including unipolar depression and bipolar disorder), anxiety, and stress-related disorders was obtained from the National Patient Register. Logistic and Cox regression models were used to assess the phenotypic association and familial coaggregation between type 2 diabetes and psychiatric disorders. Quantitative genetic modeling was conducted in full and maternal half-sibling pairs to estimate the relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors to the association.Among a total of 3,061,192 individuals, 7,896 (0.3%) were diagnosed with early-onset type 2 diabetes. These individuals had higher risks of any diagnosis (odds ratio [OR] 3.62 [95% CI 3.44, 3.80]) and specific diagnosis of unipolar depression (3.97 [3.75, 4.22]), bipolar disorder (4.17 [3.68, 4.73]), anxiety (3.76 [3.54, 3.99]), and stress-related disorders (3.35 [3.11, 3.61]). Relatives of individuals with early-onset type 2 diabetes also had higher overall risks of the examined psychiatric disorders (ORs 1.03-1.57). These associations are largely explained by genetic factors (51-78%), with the rest explained by nonshared environmental factors.Our findings highlight the burden of mood, anxiety, and stress-related disorders in early-onset type 2 diabetes and demonstrate that shared familial liability may contribute to their co-occurrence, suggesting that in the future research investigators should aim to identify shared risk factors and ultimately refine preventive and intervention strategies.
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| 3. |
- Brew, Bronwyn K., et al.
(författare)
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Paediatric asthma and non-allergic comorbidities : A review of current risk and proposed mechanisms
- 2022
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Allergy. - Stockholm : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0954-7894 .- 1365-2222. ; 15:9, s. 1035-1047
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is increasingly recognized that children with asthma are at a higher risk of other non-allergic concurrent diseases than the non-asthma population. A plethora of recent research has reported on these comorbidities and progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms for comorbidity. The goal of this review was to assess the most recent evidence (2016-2021) on the extent of common comorbidities (obesity, depression and anxiety, neurodevelopmental disorders, sleep disorders and autoimmune diseases) and the latest mechanistic research, highlighting knowledge gaps requiring further investigation. We found that the majority of recent studies from around the world demonstrate that children with asthma are at an increased risk of having at least one of the studied comorbidities. A range of potential mechanisms were identified including common early life risk factors, common genetic factors, causal relationships, asthma medication and embryologic origins. Studies varied in their selection of population, asthma definition and outcome definitions. Next, steps in future studies should include using objective measures of asthma, such as lung function and immunological data, as well as investigating asthma phenotypes and endotypes. Larger complex genetic analyses are needed, including genome-wide association studies, gene expression-functional as well as pathway analyses or Mendelian randomization techniques; and identification of gene-environment interactions, such as epi-genetic studies or twin analyses, including omics and early life exposure data. Importantly, research should have relevance to clinical and public health translation including clinical practice, asthma management guidelines and intervention studies aimed at reducing comorbidities.
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| 4. |
- Derks, I. P. M., et al.
(författare)
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Testing Bidirectional Associations Between Childhood Aggression and BMI: Results from Three Cohorts
- 2019
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Ingår i: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 27:5, s. 822-829
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective This study examined the prospective, potentially bidirectional association of aggressive behavior with BMI and body composition across childhood in three population-based cohorts. Methods Repeated measures of aggression and BMI were available from the Generation R Study between ages 6 and 10 years (N = 3,974), the Netherlands Twin Register (NTR) between ages 7 and 10 years (N = 10,328), and the Swedish Twin Study of Child and Adolescent Development (TCHAD) between ages 9 and 14 years (N = 1,462). In all samples, aggression was assessed with the Child Behavior Checklist. Fat mass and fat-free mass were available in the Generation R Study. Associations were examined with cross-lagged modeling. Results Aggressive behavior at baseline was associated with higher BMI at follow-up in the Generation R Study (beta = 0.02, 95% CI: 0.00 to 0.04), in NTR (beta = 0.04, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.06), and in TCHAD (beta = 0.03, 95% CI: -0.02 to 0.07). Aggressive behavior was prospectively associated with higher fat mass (beta = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.05) but not fat-free mass. There was no evidence that BMI or body composition preceded aggressive behavior. Conclusions More aggressive behavior was prospectively associated with higher BMI and fat mass. This suggests that aggression contributes to the obesity problem, and future research should study whether these behavioral pathways to childhood obesity are modifiable.
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| 5. |
- Landén, Mikael, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Respiratory infections during lithium and valproate medication: a within-individual prospective study of 50,000 patients with bipolar disorder
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Bipolar Disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2194-7511. ; 9:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background In vitro studies have demonstrated that lithium has antiviral properties, but evidence from human studies is scarce. Lithium is used as a mood stabilizer to treat patients with bipolar disorder. Here, the aim was to investigate the association between lithium use and the risk of respiratory infections in patients with bipolar disorder. To rule out the possibility that a potential association could be due to lithium's effect on psychiatric symptoms, we also studied the effect of valproate, which is an alternative to lithium used to prevent mood episodes in bipolar disorder. Method We followed 51,509 individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder in the Swedish Patient register 2005-2013. We applied a within-individual design using stratified Cox regression to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) of respiratory infections during treated periods compared with untreated periods. Results During follow-up, 5,760 respiratory infections were documented in the Swedish Patient Register. The incidence rate was 28% lower during lithium treatment (HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.61-0.86) and 35% higher during valproate treatment (HR 1.35, 95% CI 1.06-1.73) compared with periods off treatment. Conclusions This study provides real-world evidence that lithium is associated with decreased risk for respiratory infections and suggests that the repurposing potential of lithium for potential antiviral or antibacterial effects is worthy of investigation.
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| 6. |
- Risal, S., et al.
(författare)
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Prenatal androgen exposure causes a sexually dimorphic transgenerational increase in offspring susceptibility to anxiety disorders
- 2021
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Ingår i: Translational Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2158-3188. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- If and how obesity and elevated androgens in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affect their offspring's psychiatric health is unclear. Using data from Swedish population health registers, we showed that daughters of mothers with PCOS have a 78% increased risk of being diagnosed with anxiety disorders. We next generated a PCOS-like mouse (F-0) model induced by androgen exposure during late gestation, with or without diet-induced maternal obesity, and showed that the first generation (F-1) female offspring develop anxiety-like behavior, which is transgenerationally transmitted through the female germline into the third generation of female offspring (F-3) in the androgenized lineage. In contrast, following the male germline, F-3 male offspring (mF(3)) displayed anxiety-like behavior in the androgenized and the obese lineages. Using a targeted approach to search for molecular targets within the amygdala, we identified five differentially expressed genes involved in anxiety-like behavior in F-3 females in the androgenized lineage and eight genes in the obese lineage. In mF(3) male offspring, three genes were dysregulated in the obese lineage but none in the androgenized lineage. Finally, we performed in vitro fertilization (IVF) using a PCOS mouse model of continuous androgen exposure. We showed that the IVF generated F-1 and F-2 offspring in the female germline did not develop anxiety-like behavior, while the F-2 male offspring (mF(2)) in the male germline did. Our findings provide evidence that elevated maternal androgens in PCOS and maternal obesity may underlie the risk of a transgenerational transmission of anxiety disorders in children of women with PCOS.
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| 7. |
- Johansson Capusan, Andrea, et al.
(författare)
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Childhood maltreatment and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in adults : a large twin study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Psychological Medicine. - New York, USA : Cambridge University Press. - 0033-2917 .- 1469-8978. ; 46:12, s. 2637-2646
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Childhood maltreatment (CM) has been associated with increased risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adults. It is, however, unclear whether this association is causal or due to familial confounding.Method: Data from 18 168 adult twins, aged 20-46 years, were drawn from the population-based Swedish twin registry. Retrospective self-ratings of CM (emotional and physical neglect, physical and sexual abuse and witnessing family violence), and self-ratings for DSM-IV ADHD symptoms in adulthood were analysed. Possible familial confounding was investigated using a within twin-pair design based on monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins.Results: CM was significantly associated with increased levels of ADHD symptom scores in adults [regression coefficient: 0.40 standard deviations, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.37-0.43]. Within twin-pair analyses showed attenuated but significant estimates within DZ (0.29, 95% CI 0.21-0.36) and MZ (0.18, 95% CI 0.10-0.25) twin pairs. Similar results emerged for hyperactive/impulsive and inattentive ADHD symptom scores separately in association with CM. We conducted sensitivity analyses for early maltreatment, before age 7, and for abuse and neglect separately, and found similarly reduced estimates in DZ and MZ pairs. Re-traumatization after age 7 did not significantly influence results.Conclusions: CM was significantly associated with increased ADHD symptoms in adults. Associations were partly due to familial confounding, but also consistent with a causal interpretation. Our findings support cognitive neuroscience studies investigating neural pathways through which exposure to CM may influence ADHD. Clinicians treating adults with ADHD should be aware of the association with maltreatment.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Martin, Cederlöf, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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The association between Darier disease, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia revisited: a population-based family study.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Bipolar disorders. - Hoboken, USA : Wiley. - 1399-5618 .- 1398-5647. ; 17:3, s. 340-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Darier disease is an autosomal dominant skin disorder caused by mutations in the ATPase, Ca++ transporting, cardiac muscle, slow twitch 2 (ATP2A2) gene and previously reported to cosegregate with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia in occasional pedigrees. It is, however, unknown whether these associations exist also in the general population, and the objective of this study was to examine this question.
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| 10. |
- Viktorin, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor use during pregnancy : association with offspring birth size and gestational age
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - Oxford, United Kingdom : Oxford University Press. - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 45:1, s. 170-177
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Depression around the time of pregnancy affects at least 1 in 8 women and treatment with selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in pregnant women has been increasing, but research on adverse effects on the fetus have so far commonly used designs unable to account for confounding. We aimed to examine the effects of prenatal SSRI exposure on offspring size outcomes and gestational age, and disentangle whether associations observed were due to the medication or other factors.Methods: We used a Swedish population-based cohort of 392,029 children and national registers to estimate the associations between prenatal exposure to SSRIs and depression on the outcomes birthweight, birth length, birth head circumference, gestational age at birth and preterm birth. A sub-sample of 1007 children was analysed in a within-family design that accounts for unmeasured parental genetic and environmental confounders.Results: Crude analyses revealed associations between prenatal SSRI exposure, and offspring birth size and gestational age. However, in the within-family analyses, only the association between SSRI exposure and reduced gestational age (-2.3 days; 95% confidence interval -3.8 to -0.8) was observed.Conclusions: This study indicates that prenatal SSRI exposure may not be causally related to offspring birth size. Rather, our analyses suggest that the association could be caused by other underlying differences instead of the medication per se. A small reduction of gestational age was associated with SSRI exposure in the within-family analysis and could be due to either the exposure, or other factors changing between pregnancies.
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