| 1. |
- Carlsson, A., et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of coeliac disease in Turner syndrome
- 1999
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Ingår i: Acta Pædiatrica. - 1651-2227 .- 0803-5253. ; 88, s. 933-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of coeliac disease in children and adolescents with Turner syndrome. Eighty-seven children and adolescents with Turner syndrome were screened for IgA- antiendomysium antibodies (EMA) and IgA-antigliadin antibodies (AGA), 5% (4/87) being found to be EMA-positive, and 15% (13/87) to have AGA levels above normal. Of the 10 patients who were either AGA- or EMA-positive and further investigated with intestinal biopsy, four manifested villous atrophy (i.e. all three of the EMA-positive patients, but only one of the seven AGA- positive patients). The results suggest EMA-positivity to be a good immunological marker for use in screening for coeliac disease, and such screening to be justified in patients with Turner syndrome.
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| 2. |
- Herías, M V, et al.
(författare)
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Role of Escherichia coli P fimbriae in intestinal colonization in gnotobiotic rats.
- 1995
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Ingår i: Infection and immunity. - : American Society for Microbiology. - 0019-9567 .- 1098-5522. ; 63:12, s. 4781-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adherence via P fimbriae is associated with long-term persistence of Escherichia coli in the human large intestine, but a causal relationship has not been proven. In the present study, germfree rats were colonized with a mixture of two isogenic E. coli strains, one P fimbriated and the other type 1 fimbriated. Both types of fimbriae conferred adherence to rat colonic epithelial cells. With two mutant strains from a pyelonephritogenic isolate of serotype O75:K5:H-, the P-fimbriated strain 824 attained much higher numbers than its type 1-fimbriated counterpart when colonized in vivo for 2 weeks (10(10) versus 10(6) bacteria per g, respectively; P < 0.0001). The expression of P fimbriae by 824 was also retained during colonization. With transformant isogenic strains obtained from a normal fecal isolate incapable of phase variation, no benefit of P fimbriae was seen and most bacteria lost their plasmids during in vivo colonization. When the pyelonephritogenic mutant and fecal transformant strains were combined, the former colonized at high levels while the latter were suppressed. In contrast, no suppression was seen when the transformant E. coli strains colonized in combination with Lactobacillus acidophilus or Peptostreptococcus sp. The results indicate that P fimbriae, but also other bacterial traits linked to uropathogeneicity, could play an important role for persistence in the gut normal microbiota. Neither P nor type 1 fimbriae seemed to contribute to the ability to translocate to the mesenteric lymph nodes.
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| 3. |
- Eker, C, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical spectral characterisation of colonic mucosal lesions using autofluorescence and delta aminolevulinic acid sensitisation
- 1999
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Ingår i: Gut. - : BMJ. - 1468-3288 .- 0017-5749. ; 44:4, s. 511-518
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims-Laser induced fluorescence (LIF) from colonic mucosa was measured in vivo with and without delta aminolevulinic acid (ALA) in an attempt to differentiate between neoplasia and non-neoplasia in real time during colonoscopy. Methods-Spectra from 32 adenomas, 68 normal sites, and 14 hyperplastic polyps in 41 patients were obtained with a point monitoring system. Twenty one of the patients had been given a low dose of ALA as a photosensitiser before the examination. Light of 337, 405, or 436 nm wavelength was used as excitation. Stepwise multivariate Linear regression analysis was performed. Results-With 337 nm excitation, 100% sensitivity and 96% specificity was obtained between normal mucosa and adenomas. Seventy seven per cent of the hyperplastic polyps were classified as non-neoplastic. When exciting with 405 and 436 nm, the possibility of distinguishing different types of tissue was considerably better in the ALA patients than in the non-ALA patients. Conclusions-The in vivo point measurements imply that a good discrimination between normal tissue and adenomatous polyps can be obtained using the LIF technique. Excitation at 337 nm and at 405 nm or 436 nm using ALA gives good results. LIF also shows potential for distinguishing adenomatous from hyperplastic polyps. The number of detection wavelengths could be reduced if chosen properly.
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| 4. |
- Grander, D, et al.
(författare)
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Factors influencing the response to interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C. Studies on viral genotype and induction of 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase in the liver and peripheral blood cells
- 1996
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7708 .- 0036-5521. ; 31:6, s. 604-611
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The mechanism behind the antiviral action of interferon (IFN) therapy in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is not well understood, and, furthermore, few factors have been shown to be good predictors of a favourable response to IFN treatment in chronic HCV infection. METHODS: Freshly explanted liver cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 80 patients with chronic HCV infection were used to study the capacity of IFN to induce the enzyme 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (2'5'-AS) in vitro. The HCV genotype was determined in 53 patients. The induction of 2'5'-AS was correlated to the results of IFN-alpha treatment in 36 patients. RESULTS: Normalization of transaminases during IFN treatment was significantly associated with 2'5'-AS levels in liver cells cultured in the absence of IFN. A similar tendency, although not statistically significant, was found for IFN-induced levels of 2'5'-AS in liver cells. No such associations were found when PBMC were analysed. Six patients showed a sustained biochemical response. These six did not deviate significantly from the remaining patients with regard to base-line or IFN-induced levels of 2'5'-AS in liver cells or PBMC. Eradication of HCV RNA during IFN treatment did not correlate with 2'5'-AS levels in liver cells. Comparison of HCV genotype and clinical response showed that patients with genotype 3a had the most favourable outcome. No association was found between liver histology and treatment outcome. CONCLUSION: These data imply that direct effects of IFN on liver cells are of importance for the response to IFN treatment.
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| 5. |
- Herías, M V, et al.
(författare)
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Escherichia coli K5 capsule expression enhances colonization of the large intestine in the gnotobiotic rat.
- 1997
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Ingår i: Infection and immunity. - : American Society for Microbiology. - 0019-9567 .- 1098-5522. ; 65:2, s. 531-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of capsule expression in the capacity of Escherichia coli to colonize in the large intestinal environment was studied in a gnotobiotic rat model. The rats were given perorally a mixture of two mutant strains differing in K5 expression. After 2 weeks, the rats were sacrificed, and subsequently intestinal contents, intestinal mucosae, and mesenteric lymph nodes were homogenized and bacterial numbers were quantified. Two E. coli mutant pairs were used, the first pair (972-998) lacking the O-specific side chain and the second pair (973-997) carrying the O75 lipopolysaccharide. The K5+ mutants established themselves at a higher level than the K5- mutants (10(9) versus 10(6) CFU/g [P < 0.001] for the first pair and 10(9) versus 10(8) CFU/g [P < 0.01] for the second pair, respectively). The results were confirmed by serology showing a K5+ phenotype for practically all isolates. The bacterial population associated with the mucosa was similar to that in the luminal contents with respect to the proportions of the respective mutants, and translocation occurred in numbers proportional to the intestinal population densities of the respective mutants. All mutants were able to express type 1 as well as P fimbriae. After colonization, the expression of P fimbriae remained high whereas only a minority of the isolates expressed type 1 fimbriae. The results suggest that capsule expression and P fimbriae enhance intestinal colonization by E. coli and that these virulence factors, by increasing bacterial densities in the intestine, secondarily increase translocation.
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| 6. |
- Löfberg, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Oral budesonide versus prednisolone in patients with extensive and left sided ulcerative colitis
- 1996
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Ingår i: Gastroenterology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1528-0012 .- 0016-5085. ; 110:6, s. 1713-1718
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND & AIMS: Systemic glucocorticosteroids (GCSs) have proven efficacy in active ulcerative colitis but cause undesired systemic side effects. Therefore, new GCSs with high topical activity and a high rate of metabolism may be of clinical value in this condition. The aim of this study was to explore the efficacy and safety of the topically acting GCS budesonide in an oral controlled-release formulation in extensive or left-sided, mild to moderately active ulcerative colitis. METHODS: A 9-week, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial was performed, and treatments with 10 mg budesonide or 40 mg prednisolone daily, both gradually tapered, were compared. Endoscopic improvement and effect on endogenous plasma cortisol were assessed. RESULTS: Thirty-four patients were administered budesonide, and 38 patients were administered prednisolone. Mean endoscopic scores improved significantly in both groups but without difference between the groups. Five patients in the budesonide group and 7 patients in the prednisolone group deteriorated and were withdrawn from the study. Morning plasma cortisol levels were suppressed in the prednisolone group (entry, 449 nmol/L; 2 weeks, 116 nmol/L; 4 weeks, 195 nmol/L) but were unchanged in the budesonide group. CONCLUSIONS: The GCS budesonide administered in an oral controlled-release formulation seems to give an overall treatment result in active ulcerative colitis approaching that of prednisolone but without suppression of plasma cortisol levels. This concept merits further evaluation.
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