| 1. |
- Secnik, Juraj, et al.
(författare)
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Cholinesterase inhibitors in patients with diabetes mellitus and dementia : an open-cohort study of similar to 23 000 patients from the Swedish Dementia Registry
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care. - : BMJ. - 2052-4897. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) and memantine are the only approved pharmacological treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent literature suggests reductions in cardiovascular burden and risk of stroke in ChEI users. However, the clinical effectiveness of these drugs in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and dementia has not been evaluated.Research design and methods We conducted a registry-based open-cohort study of 22 660 patients diagnosed with AD and mixed-pathology dementia registered in the Swedish Dementia Registry until December 2015. Information on drug use, comorbidity and mortality was extracted using the linkage with the National Patient Registry, the Prescribed Drug Registry and the Cause of Death Registry. In total, 3176 (14%) patients with DM and 19 484 patients without DM were identified. Propensity-score matching, Cox-regression and competing-risk regression models were applied to produce HRs with 95% CIs for differences in all-cause, cardiovascular and diabetes-related mortality rates in ChEI users and non-users.Results After matching the ChEI use in patients with DM was associated with 24% all-cause mortality reduction (HR 0.76 (95% CI 0.67 to 0.86)), compared with 20% reduction (0.80 (0.75 to 0.84)) in non-DM users. Donepezil and galantamine use were associated with a reduced mortality in both patients with DM (0.84 (0.74 to 0.96); 0.80 (0.66 to 0.97)) and patients without DM (0.85 (0.80 to 0.90); 0.93 (0.86 to 0.99)). Donepezil was further associated with reduction in cardiovascular mortality, however only in patients without DM (0.84 (0.75 to 0.94)). Rivastigmine lowered mortality only in the whole-cohort analysis and in patients without DM (0.82 (0.75 to 0.89)). Moreover, ChEI use was associated with 48% reduction in diabetes-related mortality (HR 0.52 (0.32 to 0.87)) in the whole-cohort analysis. Last, low and high doses were associated with similar benefit.Conclusions We found reductions in mortality in patients with DM and AD or mixed-pathology dementia treated with ChEIs, specifically donepezil and galantamine were associated with largest benefit. Future studies should evaluate whether ChEIs help maintain self-management of diabetes in patients with dementia.
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| 2. |
- Subic, Ana, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Dementia : A Cohort Study from the Swedish Dementia Registry
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. - Amsterdam, Netherlands : IOS Press. - 1387-2877 .- 1875-8908. ; 61:3, s. 1119-1128
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Patients with dementia might have higher risk for hemorrhagic complications with anticoagulant therapy prescribed for atrial fibrillation (AF).Objective: This study assesses the risks and benefits of warfarin, antiplatelets, and no treatment in patients with dementia and AF.Methods: Of 49,792 patients registered in the Swedish Dementia Registry 2007-2014, 8,096 (16%) had a previous diagnosis of AF. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate the risk for ischemic stroke (IS), nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhage, any-cause hemorrhage, and death.Results: Out of the 8,096 dementia patients with AF, 2,143 (26%) received warfarin treatment, 2,975 (37%) antiplatelet treatment, and 2,978 (37%) had no antithrombotic treatment at the time of dementia diagnosis. Patients on warfarin had fewer IS than those without treatment (5.2% versus 8.7%; p < 0.001) with no differences compared to antiplatelets. In adjusted analyses, warfarin was associated with a lower risk for IS (HR 0.76, CI 0.59-0.98), while antiplatelets were associated with increased risk (HR 1.25, CI 1.01-1.54) compared to no treatment. For any-cause hemorrhage, there was a higher risk with warfarin (HR 1.28, CI 1.03-1.59) compared to antiplatelets. Warfarin and antiplatelets were associated with a lower risk for death compared to no treatment.Conclusions: Warfarin treatment in Swedish patients with dementia is associated with lower risk of IS and mortality, and a small increase in any-cause hemorrhage. This study supports the use of warfarin in appropriate cases in patients with dementia. The low percentage of patients on warfarin treatment indicates that further gains in stroke prevention are possible.
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| 3. |
- Zupanic, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Acute Stroke Care in Dementia : A Cohort Study from the Swedish Dementia and Stroke Registries
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 1387-2877 .- 1875-8908. ; 66:1, s. 185-194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that patients with dementia receive less testing and treatment for stroke.OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to investigate hospital management of acute ischemic stroke in patients with and without dementia.METHODS: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data 2010-2014 from the Swedish national dementia registry (SveDem) and the Swedish national stroke registry (Riksstroke). Patients with dementia who suffered an acute ischemic stroke (AIS) (n = 1,356) were compared with matched non-dementia AIS patients (n = 6,755). Outcomes included length of stay in a stroke unit, total length of hospitalization, and utilization of diagnostic tests and assessments.RESULTS: The median age at stroke onset was 83 years. While patients with dementia were equally likely to be directly admitted to a stroke unit as their non-dementia counterparts, their stroke unit and total hospitalization length were shorter (10.5 versus 11.2 days and 11.6 versus 13.5, respectively, p < 0.001). Dementia patients were less likely to receive carotid ultrasound (OR 0.36, 95% CI [0.30-0.42]) or undergo assessments by the interdisciplinary team members (physiotherapists, speech therapists, occupational therapists; p < 0.05 for all adjusted models). However, a similar proportion of patients received CT imaging (97.4% versus 98.6%, p = 0.001) and a swallowing assessment (90.7% versus 91.8%, p = 0.218).CONCLUSIONS: Patients with dementia who suffer an ischemic stroke have equal access to direct stroke unit care compared to non-dementia patients; however, on average, their stay in a stroke unit and total hospitalization are shorter. Dementia patients are also less likely to receive specific diagnostic tests and assessments by the interdisciplinary stroke team.
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| 4. |
- Zupanic, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Mortality After Ischemic Stroke in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease Dementia and Other Dementia Disorders
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. - : IOS Press. - 1387-2877 .- 1875-8908. ; 81:3, s. 1253-1261
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Stroke and dementia are interrelated diseases and risk for both increases with age. Even though stroke incidence and age-standardized death rates have decreased due to prevention of stroke risk factors, increased utilization of reperfusion therapies, and other changes in healthcare, the absolute numbers are increasing due to population growth and aging.OBJECTIVE: To analyze predictors of death after stroke in patients with dementia and investigate possible time and treatment trends.METHODS: A national longitudinal cohort study 2007-2017 using Swedish national registries. We compared 12,629 ischemic stroke events in patients with dementia with matched 57,954 stroke events in non-dementia controls in different aspects of patient care and mortality. Relationship between dementia status and dementia type (Alzheimer's disease and mixed dementia, vascular dementia, other dementias) and death was analyzed using Cox regressions.RESULTS: Differences in receiving intravenous thrombolysis between patients with and without dementia disappeared after the year 2015 (administered to 11.1% dementia versus 12.3% non-dementia patients, p = 0.117). One year after stroke, nearly 50% dementia and 30% non-dementia patients had died. After adjustment for demographics, mobility, nursing home placement, and comorbidity index, dementia was an independent predictor of death compared with non-dementia patients (HR 1.26 [1.23-1.29]).CONCLUSION: Dementia before ischemic stroke is an independent predictor of death. Over time, early and delayed mortality in patients with dementia remained increased, regardless of dementia type. Patients with≤80 years with prior Alzheimer's disease or mixed dementia had higher mortality rates after stroke compared to patients with prior vascular dementia.
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| 5. |
- Zupanic, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke in patients with dementia : A Swedish registry study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Neurology. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0028-3878 .- 1526-632X. ; 89:18, s. 1860-1868
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To compare access to intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and its outcomes in patients with and without dementia.METHODS: This was a longitudinal cohort study of the Swedish dementia and stroke registries. Patients with preexisting dementia who had AIS from 2010 to 2014 (n = 1,356) were compared with matched patients without dementia (n = 6,755). We examined access to thrombolysis and its outcomes at 3 months (death, residency, and modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with logistic and ordinal logistic regression.RESULTS: < 0.001). Unfavorable outcomes with an mRS score of 5 to 6 were doubled in patients with dementia (56.1% vs 28.1%).CONCLUSIONS: Younger patients with dementia and AIS are less likely to receive IVT. Among patients receiving thrombolysis, there are no differences in sICH or death, although patients with dementia have worse accommodation and functional outcomes at 3 months.
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| 6. |
- Garcia-Ptacek, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Causes of Death According to Death Certificates in Individuals with Dementia : A Cohort from the Swedish Dementia Registry
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of The American Geriatrics Society. - : Wiley. - 0002-8614 .- 1532-5415. ; 64:11, s. E137-E142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivesThe causes of death in dementia are not established, particularly in rarer dementias. The aim of this study is to calculate risk of death from specific causes for a broader spectrum of dementia diagnoses.DesignCohort study.SettingSwedish Dementia Registry (SveDem), 2007–2012.ParticipantsIndividuals with incident dementia registered in SveDem (N = 28,609); median follow-up 741 days. Observed deaths were 5,368 (19%).MeasurementsInformation on number of deaths and causes of mortality was obtained from death certificates. Odds ratios for the presence of dementia on death certificates were calculated. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using Cox hazards regression for cause-specific mortality, using Alzheimer's dementia (AD) as reference. Hazard ratios for death for each specific cause of death were compared with hazard ratios of death from all causes (P-values from t-tests).ResultsThe most frequent underlying cause of death in this cohort was cardiovascular (37%), followed by dementia (30%). Dementia and cardiovascular causes appeared as main or contributory causes on 63% of certificates, followed by respiratory (26%). Dementia was mentioned less in vascular dementia (VaD; 57%). Compared to AD, cardiovascular mortality was higher in individuals with VaD than in those with AD (HR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.64–2.02). Respiratory death was higher in individuals with Lewy body dementia (LBD, including Parkinson's disease dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies, HR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.71–2.71), and the risk of respiratory death was higher than expected from the risk for all-cause mortality. Participants with frontotemporal dementia were more likely to die from external causes of death than those with AD (HR = 2.86, 95% CI = 1.53–5.32).ConclusionDementia is underreported on death certificates as main and contributory causes. Individuals with LBD had a higher risk of respiratory death than those with AD.
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| 7. |
- Zupanic, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Secondary Stroke Prevention After Ischemic Stroke in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementia Disorders
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 1387-2877 .- 1875-8908. ; 73:3, s. 1013-1021
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Recurrent ischemic stroke (IS) increases the risk of cognitive decline. To lower the risk of recurrent IS, secondary prevention is essential.OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to compare post-discharge secondary IS prevention and its maintenance up to 3 years after first IS in patients with and without Alzheimer's disease and other dementia disorders.METHODS: Prospective open-cohort study 2007-2014 from the Swedish national dementia registry (SveDem) and the Swedish national stroke registry (Riksstroke). Patients with dementia who experienced an IS (n = 1410; 332 [23.5%] with Alzheimer's disease) were compared with matched non-dementia IS patients (n = 7150). We analyzed antiplatelet, anticoagulant, blood pressure lowering, and statin treatment as planned medication initiation at discharge and actual dispensation of medications at first, second, and third year post-stroke.RESULTS: At discharge, planned initiation of medication was higher in patients with dementia compared to non-dementia patients for antiplatelets (OR with 95% CI for fully adjusted models 1.23 [1.02-1.48]) and lower for blood pressure lowering medication (BPLM; 0.57 [0.49-0.67]), statins (0.57 [0.50-0.66]), and anticoagulants (in patients with atrial fibrillation - AF; 0.41 [0.32-0.53]). When analysis for antiplatelets was stratified according to the presence of AF, ORs for receiving antiplatelets remained significant only in the presence of AF (in the presence of AF 1.56 [1.21-2.01], in patients without AF 0.99 [0.75-1.33]). Similar trends were observed in 1st, 2nd, and 3rd year post-stroke.CONCLUSIONS: Dementia was a predictor of lower statin and BPLM use. Patients with dementia and AF were more likely to be prescribed antiplatelets and less likely to receive anticoagulants.
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| 8. |
- Minh, Tuan, et al.
(författare)
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Satisfaction with Stroke Care Among Patients with Alzheimer's and Other Dementias : A Swedish Register-Based Study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. - : IOS Press. - 1387-2877 .- 1875-8908. ; 79:2, s. 905-916
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Patient dissatisfaction with stroke care is associated with poor self-rated health and unmet care needs. Dementia patients' satisfaction with stroke care is understudied.Objective: To compare satisfaction with stroke care in patients with and without dementia.Methods: This longitudinal cohort study included 5,932 dementia patients (2007-2017) who suffered a first stroke after dementia diagnosis and 39,457 non-dementia stroke patients (2007-2017). Data were retrieved by linking the Swedish Stroke Register, the Swedish Dementia Register, the Swedish National Patient Register, and the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. The association between dementia and satisfaction was analyzed with ordinal logistic regression.Results: When dementia patients answered themselves, they reported significantly lower odds of satisfaction with acute stroke care (OR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.60-0.85), healthcare staff's attitude (OR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.66-0.96), communication with doctors (OR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.66-0.92), stroke information (OR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.52-0.74); but not regarding inpatient rehabilitation (OR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.75-1.16), or outpatient rehabilitation (OR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.73-1.18). When patients answered with caregivers' help, the association between dementia status and satisfaction remained significant in all items. Subgroup analyses showed that patients with Alzheimer's disease and mixed dementia reported lower odds of satisfaction with acute care and healthcare staff's attitude when they answered themselves.Conclusion: Patients with dementia reported lower satisfaction with stroke care, revealing unfulfilled care needs among dementia patients, which are possibly due to different (or less) care, or because dementia patients require adaptations to standard care.
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| 9. |
- Mo, Minjia, et al.
(författare)
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External Causes of Death From Death Certificates in Patients With Dementia
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. - : Elsevier. - 1525-8610 .- 1538-9375. ; 24:9, s. 1381-1388
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: We aim to analyze the risk of death from specific external causes, including falls, complications of medical and surgical care, unintentional injuries, and suicide, in dementia patients. Design: Swedish nationwide cohort study integrating 6 registers from May 1, 2007, through December 31, 2018, including the Swedish Registry for Cognitive/Dementia Disorders (SveDem). Setting and Participants: Population-based study. Patients diagnosed with dementia from 2007 to 2018 and up to 4 controls matched on year of birth (+/- 3 years), sex, and region of residence. Methods: The exposures of this study were diagnosis of dementia and dementia subtypes. Number of deaths and causes of mortality were obtained from death certificates compiled into the Cause of Death Register. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were estimated using Cox and flexible models, adjusted for sociodemographics, medical and psychiatric disorders. Results: The study population included 235,085 patients with dementia [96,760men (41.2%); mean age 81.5 (SD 8.5) years] and 771,019 control participants [341,994 men (44.4%); mean age 79.9 (SD 8.6) years], over 3,721,687 person- years. Compared with control participants, patients with dementia presented increased risk for unintentional injuries (HR 3.30, 95% CI 3.19-3.40) and falls (HR 2.67, 95% CI 2.54-2.80) during old age (>= 75 y), and suicide (HR 1.56, 95% CI 1.02-2.39) in middle age (<65 y). Suicide riskwas 5.04 times higher (HR 6.04, 95% CI 4.22-8.66) in patients with both dementia and 2 or more psychiatric disorders relative to controls (incidence rate per person-years, 1.6 vs 0.3). For dementia subtypes, frontotemporal dementia had the highest risks of unintentional injuries (HR 4.28, 95% CI 2.80-6.52) and falls (HR 3.83, 95% CI 1.98-7.41), whereas subjects with mixed dementia were less likely to die from suicide (HR 0.11, 95% CI 0.03-0.46) and complications of medical and surgical care (HR 0.53, 95% CI 0.40-0.70) compared to controls. Conclusions and Implications: Suicide risk screening and psychiatric disorders management in early-onset dementia and early interventions for unintentional injuries and falls prevention in older dementia patients should be provided. (c) 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of AMDA - The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine.
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| 10. |
- Schwertner, Emilia, et al.
(författare)
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Antipsychotic Treatment Associated With Increased Mortality Risk in Patients With Dementia. A Registry-Based Observational Cohort Study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. - : Elsevier BV. - 1525-8610 .- 1538-9375. ; 20:3, s. 2-329
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To assess all-cause mortality patients with dementia treated with typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs (APDs). Design: Registry-based cohort study. Setting and participants: A total of 58,412 patients diagnosed with dementia and registered in the Swedish Dementia Registry were included in the study. Of the study sample, 2526 of the patients were prescribed APDs. Of these, 602 patients were prescribed typical APDs and 1833 patients were prescribed atypical APDs. Ninety-one patients were prescribed both typical and atypical APDs. Measurements: All-cause mortality based on Swedish Cause of Death Register. Adjusted hazard ratios of mortality were calculated according to class of APDs (typical or atypical) prescribed. Final models were adjusted for age at dementia diagnosis, sex, Charlson comorbidity index, living arrangement, and Mini-Mental State Examination. Results: In the adjusted models, use of APDs at the time of dementia diagnosis was associated with increased mortality risk in the total cohort (hazard ratio = 1.4; 95% confidence interval 1.3–1.5). After stratifying for dementia types, increased mortality risks associated with APDs were found in patients with Alzheimer's disease, mixed dementia, unspecified dementia, and vascular dementia. Higher risk for mortality was found with typical APDs in patients with mixed and vascular dementia and with atypical APDs in patients with Alzheimer's disease, mixed, unspecified, and vascular dementia. Furthermore, in patients with Alzheimer's disease who had typical APDs, use lower risk of death emerged in comparison with patients with atypical APDs. Conclusions/Implications: Both the use of atypical and typical APDs increased the risk of death in patients with dementia even after adjusting for differences in basic characteristics between groups. Although we cannot rule out the influence of residual confounding, these results would seem to add to studies suggesting caution in APD prescription for patients with dementia.
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