| 1. |
- Weidung, Bodil, et al.
(författare)
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Temporal Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Trends in the Very Old in the 21st Century
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. - : IOS Press. - 1387-2877 .- 1875-8908. ; 93:1, s. 61-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Long-increasing dementia incidence and prevalence trends may be shifting. Whether such shifts have reached the very old is unknown. Objective: To investigate temporal trends in the incidence of dementia and cognitive impairment and prevalence of dementia, cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and unclassified dementia among 85-, 90-, and >= 95-year-olds in Sweden during 2000-2017.Methods: This study was conducted with Ume degrees a 85 + /Gerontological Regional Database data from 2182 85-, 90-, and >= 95-year-olds in Sweden collected in 2000-2017. Using logistic regression, trends in the cumulative 5-year incidences of dementia and cognitive impairment; prevalences of dementia, cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia; and Mini-Mental State Examination thresholds for dementia diagnosis were estimated.Results: Dementia and cognitive impairment incidences decreased in younger groups, which generally showed more-positive temporal trends. The prevalences of overall dementia, cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease were stable or increasing; longer disease durations and increasing dementia subtype classification success may mask positive changes in incidences. Vascular dementia increased while unclassified dementia generally decreased.Conclusion: The cognitive health of the very old may be changing in the 21st century, possibly indicating a trend break.
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| 2. |
- Mathillas, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Risk factors for depressive disorders in very old age : a population-based cohort study with a five-year follow-up
- 2014
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Ingår i: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. - : Springer. - 0933-7954 .- 1433-9285. ; 49:5, s. 831-839
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Depressive disorders are common among the very old, but insufficiently studied. The present study aims to identify risk factors for depressive disorders in very old age.The present study is based on the GERDA project, a population-based cohort study of people aged a parts per thousand yen85 years (n = 567), with 5 years between baseline and follow-up. Factors associated with the development of depressive disorders according to DSM-IV criteria at follow-up were analysed by means of a multivariate logistic regression.At baseline, depressive disorders were present in 32.3 % of the participants. At follow-up, 69 % of those with baseline depressive disorders had died. Of the 49 survivors, 38 still had depressive disorders. Of the participants without depressive disorders at baseline, 25.5 % had developed depressive disorders at follow-up. Baseline factors independently associated with new cases of depressive disorders after 5 years were hypertension, a history of stroke and 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale score at baseline.The present study supports the earlier findings that depressive disorders among the very old are common, chronic and malignant. Mild depressive symptoms as indicated by GDS-15 score and history of stroke or hypertension seem to be important risk factors for incident depressive disorders in very old age.
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| 3. |
- Olofsson, Erika, et al.
(författare)
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Association of depressive disorders and dementia with mortality among older people with hip fracture
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Geriatrics. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2318 .- 1471-2318. ; 23:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Hip fracture (HF) is a significant cause of mortality among older people. Almost half of the patients with HF have dementia, which increases the mortality risk further. Cognitive impairment is associated with depressive disorders (DDs) and both dementia and DDs are independent risk factors for poor outcome after HF. However, most studies that evaluate mortality risk after HF separate these conditions.AIMS: To investigate whether dementia with depressive disorders (DDwD) affects the mortality risk at 12, 24, and 36 months after HF among older people.METHODS: Patients with acute HF (n = 404) were included in this retrospective analysis of two randomized controlled trials performed in orthopedic and geriatric departments. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale and cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination. A consultant geriatrician made final depressive disorder and dementia diagnoses using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria, with support from assessments and medical records. The 12-, 24- and 36-month mortality after HF was analyzed using logistic regression models adjusted for covariates.RESULTS: In analyses adjusted for age, sex, comorbidity, pre-fracture walking ability, and fracture type, patients with DDwD had increased mortality risks at 12 [odds ratio (OR) 4.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.75-12.51], 24 (OR 3.61, 95% CI 1.71-7.60), and 36 (OR 4.53, 95% CI 2.24-9.14) months. Similar results were obtained for patients with dementia, but not depressive disorders, alone.CONCLUSION: DDwD is an important risk factor for increased mortality at 12, 24, and 36 months after HF among older people. Routinely assessments after HF for cognitive- and depressive disorders could identify patients at risk for increased mortality, and enable early interventions.TRIAL REGISTRATION: RCT2: International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number Register, trial registration number: ISRCTN15738119.
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| 4. |
- Unneby, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Between Heaven and Hell : Experiences of Preoperative Pain and Pain Management among Older Patients with Hip Fracture
- 2022
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Ingår i: Sage Open Nursing. - : Sage Publications. - 2377-9608. ; 8, s. 1-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Among older adults, hip fracture is a common and serious consequence of a fall. Preoperative pain is common and often severe among patients with hip fracture. Opioids are usually used but have many side effects. One alternative is a femoral nerve block, which has been shown to reduce pain and lower the need for opioids. However, to our knowledge no study has explored qualitatively how patients with hip fracture experience treatment with femoral nerve block.Objective: The aim of this study was to explore experiences of preoperative pain and pain management among older patients with hip fracture who had received a femoral nerve block.MethodA qualitative design with semi-structured interviews (n =23) conducted 2-6 days after surgery. Inclusion criteria were Swedish-speaking patients aged 70 years or older with hip fracture admitted to the orthopedic ward, treated with femoral nerve block before nursing actions. Data were analyzed with qualitative content analysis.Results: Our result revealed one theme, hovering between heaven and hell, with five subthemes: how the pain was described - no pain, to worst pain and everything in between; they were dealing with pain in their own way; felt dependent on staff?s willingness to relieve pain; pain management could be lifesaving and a near-death experience; and how they experienced memory loss with respect to the pain and pain management.Conclusion: The experience of pain and pain management was described as hovering between heaven and hell. We conclude that independent of which pain management given, staff should have an individualized pain mangement approach towards the patient in order to achieve well managed pain.
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| 5. |
- Unneby, Anna, 1985-
(författare)
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Pain and pain management with femoral nerve block following hip fracture : effects and experiences: the perspective of older patients and staff
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Older people with hip fractures are often frail with several comorbidities and roughly half of them have dementia disorders. Pain is common among patients with hip fracture and pain management in these patients is a challenge. Opioids are known to relieve pain while at rest but are not as effective in movement. One alternative to opioids is a femoral nerve block (FNB). Previous studies have shown that FNBs can decrease pain and the need for opioids, but these studies excluded patients with dementia. Few studies have investigated whether FNBs decrease the incidence of complications in general, and delirium in particular. These studies were also based on different types of nerve blocks and methods. Few studies have described patients’ experiences of pain and pain management, and there are no studies on patients’ experiences of receiving or being treated with FNBs. In addition, there are no studies on staff´s experience of nursing care among patients with hip fractures who received an FNB. Objectives: The overall aim of this thesis is to investigate the effect of a preoperative FNB in patients with hip fracture in terms of pain and complications, and, further, to describe experiences of pain and pain management among patients with hip fracture who received FNBs as well as staff´s experiences of treating them. The first two papers (I and II) investigate the effect of an FNB compared to opioids, with a focus on pain and complications. To gain a deeper understanding, the final two papers (III and IV) describe experiences of pain and pain management in patients with hip fractures who received an FNB, and the staff's experiences of nursing care with patients with hip fractures who received an FNB. Methods: Papers I and II are based on a randomized controlled study which included patients aged 70 years or older with hip fractures, including those with cognitive impairment or dementia. Patients were randomized on arrival at the orthopaedic ward in terms of pain treatment to be administered; the options were FNB (with opioids if needed) or opioids alone. In paper I, 266 patients were included; the mean age was 84 years, 64% were women, and 45% had a dementia diagnosis. Paper II included 236 patients; the mean age was the same, 66% were women, and 46% had a dementia diagnosis. Pain assessment scales (self-rated VAS and VAS by proxy) was used preoperative to assess patients’ pain in rest. Nurses assessed the incidence of delirium using Nu-DESC, both pre- and postoperatively. In addition, a structural interview was performed with validated assessments 3 to 5 days after surgery by the author (AU). The assessments, nursing and medical records were subsequently evaluated by a specialist in geriatric medicine together with a trained research nurse in terms of complications, dementia, depression and delirium. Data collected in papers I and II were analysed using comparative and descriptive statistical analysis. In papers III and IV, semi-structured interviews were performed with patients (paper III) and with staff (nurses and assistant nurses, paper IV) based on interview guides with open-ended questions that offered opportunities for clarification and follow-up questions. In paper III, 23 patients with hip fractures aged 70 years or older who were treated with FNBs were interviewed, and in paper IV, staff working in the orthopaedic ward and emergency department with experience of caring for patients with hip fractures treated with FNBs were interviewed. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results: The results in paper I showed that patients who received an FNB assessed lower pain scores over a period of 12 hours. Patients required smaller amounts of opioids and the number of patients requiring opioids was reduced compared with the group that received opioids alone. Overall, in paper II was it a high incidence of complications, common complications in both groups were pre and postoperative delirium (44% and 73%), nutritional problems (71%), anaemia (66%), constipation (64%) and urinary tract infection (45%), but no statistical difference was found between groups of those complications. The results in paper II showed that 39% of the patients who received an FNB and 49% of those who received opioids developed delirium before surgery, with no statistical difference. In paper III, patients described how the pain before surgery was experienced from no pain, to the worst possible pain and everything in between. They described how they dealt with pain in their own way, but also how they felt dependent on the staff's willingness to relieve the pain. They described that the pain treatment could be lifesaving, but that it could also create the feeling of a near-death experience. Further, some patients experienced memory loss regarding the time before surgery, which made it difficult to remember the pain and pain treatment they received. Finally, in paper IV, the staff described that the FNB setting the agenda when caring for older patients with hip fracture in the preoperative phase. Nursing care required timing, with a need of staff orienting to time and customizing their communication. The outcome of the FNB affected nursing care, depending on if the FNB was successful or not successful. Further, staff faced ethical challenges regarding doing good and not harm and relieving pain and avoiding side-effects. Conclusion: This thesis shows that FNB is a feasible preoperative pain management for patients with a hip fracture, even among those with dementia. Evidence-based guidelines are necessary as a basis for assessing pain and providing pain management, but staff should add an individualized pain management approach. Staff should evaluate every patient and see each patient as a unique individual with different experiences of pain and pain management to successfully relieve pain among patients with a hip fracture.
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| 6. |
- Eriksson, Irene, et al.
(författare)
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Older women's experiences of suffering from urinary tract infections
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. - 9789174591644 ; 23:9-10, s. 1385-1394
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims and objectives: To describe and explore older women's experiences of having had repeated urinary tract infections (UTIs). Background: UTIs are one of the most common bacterial infections among older women. Approximately one-third of very old women suffer from at least one UTI each year. Despite the high incidence of UTI, little is known about the impact of UTI on health and daily life in older women. Design: A qualitative descriptive design. Methods: A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews was conducted with 20 Swedish women aged 67-96 years who suffered from repeated UTIs the preceding year. The data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Two main themes were identified: being in a state of manageable suffering and depending on alleviation. Being in a state of manageable suffering was described in terms of experiencing physical and psychological health problems, struggling to deal with the illness and being restricted in daily life. Depending on alleviation was illustrated in terms of having access to relief but also receiving inadequate care. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that UTIs are a serious health problem among older women that not only affects both physical and mental health but also has serious social consequences. The women in this study described the physical and psychological health problems, struggling to deal with the illness, being restricted in daily life, depending on access to relief and receiving inadequate care. Relevance to clinical practice: It is important to improve the knowledge about how UTI affects the health of older women. This knowledge may help nurses develop strategies to support these women. One important part in the supportive strategies is that nurses can educate these women in self-care. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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| 7. |
- Öhlin, Jerry, et al.
(författare)
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Low or declining gait speed is associated with risk of developing dementia over 5 years among people aged 85 years and over
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Aging and Physical Activity. - : Human Kinetics. - 1063-8652 .- 1543-267X. ; 29:4, s. 678-685
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Improving dementia screening procedures beyond simple assessment of current cognitive performance is timely given the ongoing phenomenon of population aging. A slow or declining gait speed (GS) is a potential early indicator of cognitive decline scarcely investigated in very old people. Here, we investigated the 5-year associations of baseline GS, change in GS, and cognitive function with subsequent dementia development in people aged 85 years and older (n = 296) without dementia at baseline. Declining and a slow baseline GS were associated with higher odds of dementia development after adjusting for confounders (e.g., age, sex, and dependency in activities of daily living) and missing GS values at follow-up. The GS decline was associated with cognitive decline in participants who developed dementia. The results support the potential of GS tests to predict future cognitive decline among community- and nursing home-dwelling very old people.
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| 8. |
- Bellelli, Giuseppe, et al.
(författare)
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Duration of Postoperative Delirium Is an Independent Predictor of 6-Month Mortality in Older Adults After Hip Fracture
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of The American Geriatrics Society. - : Wiley. - 0002-8614 .- 1532-5415. ; 62:7, s. 1335-1340
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the association between number of days with delirium and 6-month mortality in elderly adults after hip fracture surgery. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study with 6-month follow-up. SETTING: Orthogeriatric Unit (OGU). PARTICIPANTS: Individuals (mean age = 84.3 +/- 6.4) admitted to the OGU between October 2011 and April 2013 with hip fracture (N = 199). MEASUREMENTS: Postoperative delirium (POD) was assessed daily using the Confusion Assessment Method algorithm and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision, criteria. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to evaluate the association between POD of and 6-month mortality after surgery, after adjustment for covariates including age, prefracture residence, Katz activity of daily living score, New Mobility score, diagnosis of prefracture dementia, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, albumin serum levels, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and length of OGU stay. RESULTS: Fifty-seven participants (28.6%) developed POD. In the 6-month period after surgery, 35 (17.6%) participants died: 16 of 57 (28.1%) with POD and 19 / of 142 (13.4%) with no POD. The average duration of POD was 2.0 +/- 3.2 days for participants who died and 0.7 +/- 1.8 days for those who survived (P < .001). After adjusting for covariates, each day of POD in the OGU increased the hazard of dying at 6 months by 17% (hazard ratio = 1.17, 95% confidence interval = 1.07-1.28). CONCLUSION: In older adults undergoing hip fracture surgery, duration of POD is an important prognostic factor for 6-month mortality. Efforts to reduce duration of POD are therefore crucial for these individuals.
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| 9. |
- Berggren, Monica, et al.
(författare)
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Co-morbidities, complications and causes of death among people with femoral neck fracture : a three-year follow-up study
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMC Geriatrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2318 .- 1471-2318. ; 16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The poor outcome after a hip fracture is not fully understood. The aim of the study was to describe the prevalence of co-morbidities, complications and causes of death and to investigate factors that are able to predict mortality in old people with femoral neck fracture. Methods: Data was obtained from a randomized, controlled trial with a 3-year follow-up at Umea University Hospital, Sweden, which included 199 consecutive patients with femoral neck fracture, aged >= 70 years. The participants were assessed during hospitalization and in their homes 4, 12 and 36 months after surgery. Medical records and death certificates were analysed. Results: Multivariate analysis revealed that cancer, dependence in P-ADL (Personal Activities of Daily Living), cardiovascular disease, dementia at baseline or pulmonary emboli or cardiac failure during hospitalization were all independent predictors of 3-year mortality. Seventy-nine out of 199 participants (40 %) died within 3 years. Cardiovascular events (24 %), dementia (23 %), hip-fracture (19 %) and cancer (13 %) were the most common primary causes of death. In total, 136 participants suffered at least one urinary tract infection; 114 suffered 542 falls and 37 sustained 56 new fractures, including 13 hip fractures, during follow-up. Conclusion: Old people with femoral neck fracture have multiple co-morbidities and suffer numerous complications. Thus randomized intervention studies should focus on prevention of complications that might be avoidable such as infections, heart diseases, falls and fractures.
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| 10. |
- Berggren, Monica, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of geriatric interdisciplinary home rehabilitation on complications and readmissions after hip fracture : a randomized controlled trial
- 2019
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Ingår i: Clinical Rehabilitation. - : Sage Publications. - 0269-2155 .- 1477-0873. ; 33:1, s. 64-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This pre-planned secondary analysis of geriatric interdisciplinary home rehabilitation, which was initially found to shorten the postoperative length of stay in hospital for older individuals following hip fracture, investigated whether such rehabilitation reduced the numbers of complications, readmissions, and total days spent in hospital after discharge during a 12-month follow-up period compared with conventional geriatric care and rehabilitation.Design: Randomized controlled trial.Setting: Geriatric department, participants' residential care facilities, and ordinary housing.Subjects: Individuals aged ⩾70 years with acute hip fracture (n = 205) were included.Intervention: Geriatric interdisciplinary home rehabilitation was individually designed and aimed at early discharge with the intention to prevent, detect, and treat complications after discharge.Main measures: Complications, readmissions, and days spent in hospital were registered from patients' digital records and interviews conducted during hospitalization and at 3- and 12-month follow-up visits.Results: No significant difference in outcomes was observed. Between discharge and the 12-month follow-up, among participants in the geriatric interdisciplinary home rehabilitation group (n = 106) and control group (n = 93), 57 (53.8%) and 44 (47.3%) had complications (P = 0.443), 46 (43.4%) and 38 (40.9%) fell (P = 0.828), and 38 (35.8%) and 27 (29.0%) were readmitted to hospital (P = 0.383); the median total days spent in hospital were 11.5 and 11.0 (P = 0.353), respectively.Conclusion: Geriatric interdisciplinary home rehabilitation for older individuals following hip fracture resulted in similar proportions of complications, readmissions, and total days spent in hospital after discharge compared with conventional geriatric care and rehabilitation.
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