| 1. |
- Wang, Hui-Xin, et al.
(författare)
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Late Life Leisure Activities and Risk of Cognitive Decline
- 2013
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Ingår i: The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1079-5006 .- 1758-535X. ; 68:2, s. 205-213
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Studies concerning the effect of different types of leisure activities on various cognitive domains are limited. This study tests the hypothesis that mental, physical, and social activities have a domain-specific protection against cognitive decline. Methods. A cohort of a geographically defined population in China was examined in 2003-2005 and followed for an average of 2.4 years. Leisure activities were assessed in 1,463 adults aged 65 years and older without cognitive or physical impairment at baseline, and their cognitive performances were tested at baseline and follow-up examinations. Results. High level of mental activity was related to less decline in global cognition (beta = -.23, p < .01), language (beta = -.11, p < .05), and executive function (beta = -.13, p < .05) in ANCOVA models adjusting for age, gender, education, history of stroke, body mass index, Apolipoprotein E genotype, and baseline cognition. High level of physical activity was related to less decline in episodic memory (beta = -.08, p < .05) and language (beta = -.15, p < .01). High level of social activity was associated with less decline in global cognition (beta = -.11, p < .05). Further, a dose-response pattern was observed: although participants who did not engage in any of the three activities experienced a significant global cognitive decline, those who engaged in any one of the activities maintained their cognition, and those who engaged in two or three activities improved their cognition. The same pattern was observed in men and in women. Conclusions. Leisure activities in old age may protect against cognitive decline for both women and men, and different types of activities seem to benefit different cognitive domains.
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| 2. |
- Xiong, Ying, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of sleep duration and sleep disturbances on the incidence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease : A 10-year follow-up study
- 2024
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 333
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The nature of the relationship between sleep problems and dementia remains unclear. This study investigated the relationship between sleep measures and dementia in older adults (≥ 65) using data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) and further investigated the causal association in Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. In total of 7,223 individuals, 5.7 % developed dementia (1.7 % Alzheimer's disease (AD)) within an average of 8 (± 2.9) years. Cox regression models and MR were employed. Long sleep duration (>8 h) was associated with 64 % increased risk of incident dementia and 2-fold high risk of AD compared to ideal sleep duration (7–8 h). This association was particularly evident in older-older adults (≥70 years) and those who consumed alcohol. Short sleep duration (<7 h) was associated with lower risk of incident dementia among older-older but higher risk among younger-older adults. Sleep disturbances and perceived sleep quality were not associated with dementia or AD. The MR study did not reveal causal associations between sleep duration and dementia. These findings suggest that self-reported short sleep in younger-older and long sleep in older-older adults and those with frequent alcohol consumption are associated with dementia. Early detection of these sleep patterns may help identify individuals at higher dementia risk.
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| 3. |
- Dekhtyar, Serhiy, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic risk of dementia mitigated by cognitive reserve : A cohort study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Annals of Neurology. - : Wiley. - 0364-5134 .- 1531-8249. ; 86:1, s. 68-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective We investigated whether cognitive reserve modifies the risk of dementia attributable to apolipoprotein epsilon 4 (APOE-epsilon 4), a well-known genetic risk factor for dementia. Methods We followed 2,556 cognitively intact participants aged >= 60 years from the ongoing prospective community-based Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K). Dementia was ascertained through clinical and neuropsychological assessments and diagnosed according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria. Structural equation modeling was used to generate a cognitive reserve indicator from 4 previously validated contributors: early life education, midlife substantive work complexity, late life leisure activities, and late life social networks. Cox proportional hazard models estimated dementia risk in relation to cognitive reserve indicator. The interaction between the cognitive reserve indicator and APOE-epsilon 4 was assessed on multiplicative and additive scales. Results After an average of 6.3 years (range = 2.1-10.7) of follow-up, 232 dementia cases were ascertained. Relative to individuals in the lowest tertile of cognitive reserve indicator, those with moderate and high reserve were at a reduced risk of dementia. There was no multiplicative interaction between APOE-epsilon 4 status and cognitive reserve indicator (p = 0.113). Additive interaction was statistically significant. Relative to APOE-epsilon 4 carriers with low cognitive reserve, epsilon 4 carriers with high reserve had a reduced risk of dementia (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.13-0.59). The magnitude of risk reduction was similar in epsilon 4 noncarriers with a high cognitive reserve indicator (HR = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.15-0.40). Interpretation Lifelong engagement in reserve-enhancing activities attenuates the risk of dementia attributable to APOE-epsilon 4. Promoting cognitive reserve might be especially effective in subpopulations with high genetic risk of dementia. ANN NEUROL 2019
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| 4. |
- Gerritsen, Lotte, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of Negative Life Events and Widowhood on Risk for Dementia
- 2017
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Ingår i: The American journal of geriatric psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 1064-7481 .- 1545-7214. ; 25:7, s. 766-778
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim of the current study was to examine the effect of negative life events and widowhood on the incidence of dementia. Methods: Data were from four Swedish longitudinal cohort studies with a total of nearly 2,000 participants and 8-25 years of follow-up. Seven stressful events were examined for which data were available in all cohorts. Clinical dementia diagnoses were made through medical and psychological examinations. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the association between life events and dementia, adjusting for lifestyle and cardiovascular risk factors. Results: The experience of one stressful life event was not associated with dementia incidence, but two or more negative life events at baseline predicted higher risk for dementia (pooled HR:2.00). This was most apparent for the incidence of vascular dementia (pooled HR: 3.60) but not for Alzheimer disease (pooled HR: 1.29). Moreover, persons who were widowed and had experienced one or more negative life events were found to have a threefold risk for dementia. Conclusion: Widowhood augments the effect of negative life events on dementia incidence and negative life events specifically increase the risk for vascular dementia.
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| 5. |
- Hahn, Elizabeth A., et al.
(författare)
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A Change in Sleep Pattern May Predict Alzheimer Disease
- 2014
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Ingår i: The American journal of geriatric psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 1064-7481 .- 1545-7214. ; 22:11, s. 1262-1271
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Sleep problems may adversely affect neuronal health. We examined a subjective report of change (reduced duration and/or depth) in sleep pattern in relation to subsequent risk of incident all-cause dementia and Alzheimer disease (AD) over 9 years. Methods: This longitudinal study used data from a population-based sample of 214 Swedish adults aged 75 and over who were dementia-free both at baseline and at first follow-up (3 years later). The sample was 80% female and, on average, 83.4 years of age at baseline. All participants underwent a thorough clinical examination to ascertain all-cause dementia and AD. Results: Forty percent of participants reported a change in sleep duration at baseline. Between the 6th and 9th year after baseline, 28.5% were diagnosed with all-cause dementia, 22.0% of whom had AD. Reduced sleep was associated with a 75% increased all-cause dementia risk (hazard ratio: 1.75; 95% confidence interval: 1.04-2.93; Wald = 4.55, df = 1, p = 0.035) and double the risk of AD (hazard ratio: 2.01; 95% confidence interval: 1.12-3.61; Wald = 5.47, df = 1, p = 0.019) after adjusting for age, gender, and education. The results remained after adjusting for lifestyle and vascular factors but not after adjusting for depressive symptoms. No evidence supported a moderating effect of the use of sleeping pills, and the sleepedementia relationship remained after controlling for the presence of the apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele. Conclusion: Self-reported sleep problems may increase the risk for dementia, and depressive symptoms may explain this relationship. Future research should determine whether treatment, in particular, behavioral or nonpharmacologic treatment, may represent one avenue toward reduction of dementia risk in late life.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Pan, Kuan-Yu, et al.
(författare)
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The role of Apolipoprotein E epsilon4 in the association between psychosocial working conditions and dementia
- 2020
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Ingår i: Aging. - : Impact Journals, LLC. - 1945-4589 .- 1945-4589. ; 12:4, s. 3730-3746
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this population-based prospective study, we examined the association of job demand-control combinations with dementia, and explored the roles of Apolipoprotein E epsilon4 (APOE epsilon 4) and work duration in this association. A total of 2,579 dementia-free individuals aged 60+ years from Sweden were followed over 12 years. Dementia diagnosis was made by physicians. Lifelong occupational experience was collected, and job demands and control were assessed using a psychosocial job-exposure matrix. Data were analyzed using multivariate Cox proportional hazard models. During the follow-up, 282 people developed dementia. Passive jobs (low control/low demands) were related to a higher risk of dementia compared with active jobs (high control/high demands) among the younger-old (aged <= 72 years), but not among the older-old (aged >= 78 years). Among the younger-old, compared to those with no passive job experience, those with 11+ years in passive jobs had a higher dementia risk. The joint-effect analyses showed that APOE epsilon 4 carriers with passive jobs had an even higher risk of dementia compared to APOE epsilon 4 non-carriers with active jobs. These findings suggest that passive jobs are related to a higher dementia risk among the younger-old. APOE epsilon 4 and long work duration may amplify the impact of passive jobs on dementia.
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| 8. |
- Rizzuto, Debora, et al.
(författare)
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Personality and Survival in Older Age : The Role of Lifestyle Behaviors and Health Status
- 2017
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Ingår i: The American journal of geriatric psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 1064-7481 .- 1545-7214. ; 25:12, s. 1363-1372
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: We intended to assess the relationship between personality and survival in an older population and to explore the role of lifestyle behaviors and health status as potential mediators. Design: Population-based cohort study. Setting: Swedish National Study of Aging and Care in Kungsholmen, Sweden. Participants: 2,298 adults aged 60 or more years, without dementia or depression, followed for 11 years. Measurements: Personality (extraversion, neuroticism, and openness) was assessed with a shortened version of the NEO-Five Factor Inventory. We tested whether personality affected mortality and examined the potential mediating effect of health status (body mass index, number of chronic diseases, impairment in instrumental activities of daily living, and C-reactive protein) and lifestyle behaviors (leisure activities, social network, smoking, and alcohol consumption). Results: Over 11 years of follow-up, higher levels of extraversion were associated with a 14% reduction in mortality. Examination of different combinations of personality traits showed that independent of levels of neuroticism and openness, high extraversion were associated with up to 65% lower mortality. Decomposing the effect of extraversion on mortality, we found that the majority (44%) of the beneficial effect was mediated by healthy lifestyle behaviors. Health status accounted for 5% of the association. Conclusions: Extroverted people, who are characterized by higher optimism and high self-efficacy, are prone to healthier behaviors and better health, which may result in longer survival. These results highlight the importance of a healthy lifestyle in survival.
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| 9. |
- Sindi, S., et al.
(författare)
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Sleep disturbances and dementia risk: A multicenter study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Alzheimers & Dementia. - : Wiley. - 1552-5260 .- 1552-5279. ; 14:10, s. 1235-1242
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Few longitudinal studies assessed whether sleep disturbances are associated with dementia risk. Methods: Sleep disturbances were assessed in three population-based studies (H70 study and Kungsholmen Project [Sweden]; Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging and Dementia study [Finland]). Late-life baseline analyses (3-10 years follow-up) used all three studies (N = 1446). Baseline ages 70 years (Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging and Dementia, H70), and approximate to 84 years (Kungsholmen Project). Midlife baseline (age approximate to 50 years) analyses used Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging and Dementia (21 and 32 years follow-up) (N = 1407). Results: Midlife insomnia (fully adjusted hazard ratio = 1.24, 95% confidence interval = 1.02-1.50) and late-life terminal insomnia (fully adjusted odds ratio = 1.94, 95% confidence interval = 1.08-3.49) were associated with a higher dementia risk. Late-life long sleep duration (>9 hours) was also associated with an increased dementia risk (adjusted odds ratio = 3.98, 95% confidence interval = 1.87-8.48). Discussion: Midlife insomnia and late-life terminal insomnia or long sleep duration were associated with a higher late-life dementia risk. (C) 2018 the Alzheimer's Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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