| 1. |
- Klaff, Rami, 1971-
(författare)
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Disease-Specific Survival in Prostate Cancer Patients : Results from the Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group (SPCG) Trial No. 5 and Regional Cancer Register Data
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- IntroductionProstate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer among men in Sweden. The clinical course varies considerably, which makes it difficult to predict the prognosis in the individual case. In order to explore the early as well as the late course of the disease, large study groups and population-based cohorts are necessary.AimsTo explore factors that influence the long-term outcome of men with low-risk tumours in a population-based register, to predict the long-term course, and to assess the mortality rate for men with prostate cancer (Paper I)To analyse long-term outcome and to investigate factors associated with long-term survival in patients with metastases to the skeleton (Paper II)To analyse early androgen deprivation treatment (ADT) failure and to define clinical predictors associated with short survival due to early ADT failure in prostate cancer patients with bone metastases (Paper III)To analyse the prognostic significance of the extent of bone metastases in relation to other pretreatment variables in prostate cancer patients, and to explore the impact of bone metastases on quality-of-life (Paper IV)Material and methodsThe study groups were assembled from The South East Region Prostate Cancer Register (SERPCR), and The Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group (SPCG) Trial No. 5. In the first study, prognostic factors and long-term disease-specific mortality rates of low-risk prostate cancer patients from the early PSA era were analysed. In the second study, patient-related factors, quality-of-life (QoL) and long-term survival in 915 PCa patients with bone metastases (M1b) under ADT, were analysed. In Study III factors predicting primary failure to respond to ADT were identified. Study IV explored the impact of the extent of bone metastases on survival and QoL for these men.Result and conclusionsThe long-term disease-specific mortality of low-risk localised PCa is low, but the annual mortality rate gradually increases. This indicates that some tumours slowly develop into lethal cancer, particularly in men 70 years or older and with a PSA level ≥ 4 μg/L. From the SPCG Trial No. 5, a subgroup of patients with M1b disease and favourable set of predictive factors survived more than 10 years under ADT with an acceptable QoL. Independent predictors of long-term survival were identified as performance status (PS) < 2, limited extent of bone metastases, and a PSA level < 231 μg/L at the time of enrolment in the trial. However, four independent clinical predictors of early ADT failure could be defined. Men exhibiting these features should be considered for an alternative treatment. Patient grouping based on three categories of extent of bone metastases related to PS, haemoglobin, and QoL at presentation, as independent predictors of mortality, may provide improved accuracy of prognosis.
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| 2. |
- Dominguez, Cecilia A., et al.
(författare)
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The DQB1*03:02 HLA haplotype is associated with increased risk of chronic pain after inguinal hernia surgery and lumbar disc herniation
- 2013
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Ingår i: Pain. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0304-3959 .- 1872-6623. ; 154:3, s. 427-433
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neuropathic pain conditions are common after nerve injuries and are suggested to be regulated in part by genetic factors. We have previously demonstrated a strong genetic influence of the rat major histocompatibility complex on development of neuropathic pain behavior after peripheral nerve injury. In order to study if the corresponding human leukocyte antigen complex (HLA) also influences susceptibility to pain, we performed an association study in patients that had undergone surgery for inguinal hernia (n = 189). One group had developed a chronic pain state following the surgical procedure, while the control group had undergone the same type of operation, without any persistent pain. HLA DRB1genotyping revealed a significantly increased proportion of patients in the pain group carrying DRB1*04 compared to patients in the pain-free group. Additional typing of the DQB1 gene further strengthened the association; carriers of the DQB1*03:02 allele together with DRB1*04 displayed an increased risk of postsurgery pain with an odds risk of 3.16 (1.61-6.22) compared to noncarriers. This finding was subsequently replicated in the clinical material of patients with lumbar disc herniation (n = 258), where carriers of the DQB1*03:02 allele displayed a slower recovery and increased pain. In conclusion, we here for the first time demonstrate that there is an HLA-dependent risk of developing pain after surgery or lumbar disc herniation; mediated by the DRB1*04 - DQB1*03:02 haplotype. Further experimental and clinical studies are needed to fine-map the HLA effect and to address underlying mechanisms.
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| 3. |
- Roberts, Daniel N., et al.
(författare)
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Perioperative water and electrolyte balance and water homeostasis regulation in children with acute surgery
- 2023
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Ingår i: Pediatric Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0031-3998 .- 1530-0447. ; 94:4, s. 1373-1379
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Hospital-acquired hyponatremia remains a feared event in patients receiving hypotonic fluid therapy. Our objectives were to assess post-operative plasma-sodium concentration and to provide a physiological explanation for plasma-sodium levels over time in children with acute appendicitis. Methods: Thirteen normonatremic (plasma-sodium ≥135 mmol/L) children (8 males), median age 12.3 (IQR 11.5–13.5) years participated in this prospective observational study (ACTRN12621000587808). Urine was collected and analyzed. Blood tests, including renin, aldosterone, arginine-vasopressin, and circulating nitric oxide substrates were determined on admission, at induction of anesthesia, and at the end of surgery. Results: On admission, participants were assumed to be mildly dehydrated and were prescribed 50 mL/kg of Ringer’s acetate intravenously followed by half-isotonic saline as maintenance fluid therapy. Blood tests, urinary indices, plasma levels of aldosterone, arginine-vasopressin, and net water-electrolyte balance indicated that participants were dehydrated on admission. Although nearly 50% of participants still had arginine-vasopressin levels that would have been expected to produce maximum antidiuresis at the end of surgery, electrolyte-free water clearance indicated that almost all participants were able to excrete net free water. No participant became hyponatremic. Conclusions: The use of moderately hypotonic fluid therapy after correction of extracellular fluid deficit is not necessarily associated with post-operative hyponatremia. Impact: Our observations show that in acutely ill normonatremic children not only the composition but also the amount of volume infused influence on the risk of hyponatremia.Our observations also suggest that perioperative administration of hypotonic fluid therapy is followed by a tendency towards hyponatremia if extracellular fluid depletion is left untreated.After correcting extracellular deficit almost all patients were able to excrete net free water. This occurred despite nearly 50% of the cohort having high circulating plasma levels of arginine-vasopressin at the end of surgery, suggesting a phenomenon of renal escape from arginine-vasopressin-induced antidiuresis.
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| 4. |
- Sandblom, Gabriel, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the management of gallstone surgery: A Swedish population-based study.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of surgery : SJS : official organ for the Finnish Surgical Society and the Scandinavian Surgical Society. - : SAGE Publications. - 1799-7267 .- 1457-4969. ; 111:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had a significant impact on healthcare delivery. As resources are reallocated, surgery for benign conditions such as gallstone disease is often given low priority. We do not know how this has affected the risk of patients with uncomplicated gallstone disease to develop acute cholecystitis, biliary pancreatitis, or obstructive jaundice.The study was based on the population-based Swedish Register of Gallstone Surgery and Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography. The period prior to the first cases of COVID-19 in Sweden, that is, April 2015-March 2020, was compared to the period April 2020-March 2021 during the pandemic. Stratification was made for factors potentially related to priority decisions.Altogether, 78,211 procedures were performed during the period of the study. The ratio of procedures performed during April 2020-March 2021 in the previous 5 years was 0.960 (p = 0.113). The ratio of procedures on patients aged <65 years was 0.945 (p = 0.008), on patients aged 65-80 years was 0.964 (p = 0.423), on patients aged >80 years was 1.336 (p = 0.025), on men was 1.001 (p = 0.841), on women was 0.934 (p = 0.006), on procedures completed laparoscopically was 0.964 (p = 0.190), on procedures completed with open approach was 0.659 (p = 0.044), on acute procedures was 1.218 (p = 0.016), on planned procedures was 0.791 (p < 0.001), on procedures performed for biliary colic was 0.808 (p < 0.001), on procedures performed for acute cholecystitis was 1.274 (p = 0.012), for biliary pancreatitis was 1.192 (p = 0.037), and for obstructive jaundice was 1.366 (p = 0.008).The COVID-19 has had a great impact on how gallstone surgery has been organized over the last 2 years. The decreased number of planned procedures probably reflects the reallocation of resources during the pandemic. However, whether the increasing number of acute procedures is the result of postponed planned surgery or a continuation of a long-term trend toward more acute surgery remains unanswered. Further studies are needed to assess and evaluate how this has affected public health and health economics.
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| 5. |
- Darkahi, Bahman, et al.
(författare)
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Biliary Microflora in Patients Undergoing Cholecystectomy
- 2014
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Ingår i: Surgical Infections. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1096-2964 .- 1557-8674. ; 15:3, s. 262-265
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The management of acute cholecystitis requires a sound knowledge of the biliary microflora. Methods: Bile samples were taken for culture according to a standard routine during all cholecystectomies performed from April 2007 to February 2009 in the Department of Surgery at Enkoping Hospital. The use of antibiotics within the 3-mo period before surgery, indication for surgery, prophylactic antibiotics, and post-operative complications were recorded prospectively. Results: Altogether, 246 procedures were performed during the study period, of which 149 (62%) were done on women. The mean (SD) age of the study subjects was 49 +/- 16y. Bacterial growth was seen in cultures from 34 (14%) of the subjects. The mean age of subjects with positive cultures was 64y and that of subjects with negative cultures was 47y (p<0.001). Positive culture was seen in 16 (31%) of the 51 patients who underwent operations for acute cholecystitis, whereas positive cultures were obtained in 18 of 195 patients without acute cholecystitis (9%) (p<0.001). Resistance to ampicillin was recorded in three of 34 (9%) of the cultures with bacterial growth, to co-trimoxazole in one of the 34 (3%) cultures, to fluoroquinolones in one of the 34 (3%) cultures, and to cephalosporins in one of the 34 (3%) cultures. Resistance to piperacillin-tazobactam was not observed in any of the cultures. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, a positive culture was the only factor significantly associated with risk for post-operative infectious complications (p<0.05). Discussion: Bacterial growth in the bile is observed more often in patients undergoing surgery for acute cholecystitis. The microflora of the bile is probably important for the outcome of surgery, but further studies are required for assessing the effectiveness of measures for preventing infectious post-operative complications.
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| 6. |
- Enochsson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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The Swedish Registry of Gallstone Surgery and Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (GallRiks) : A nationwide registry for quality assurance of gallstone surgery.
- 2013
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Ingår i: JAMA Surgery. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-6254 .- 2168-6262. ; 148:5, s. 471-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To describe the process of initiating and organizing a nationwide validated web-based quality registry of gallstone surgery and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and to present some clinical data and the impact the registry has had on the clinical treatment of gallstones.DESIGN: Observational, population-based registry study.SETTING: Data from the nationwide Swedish Registry of Gallstone Surgery and ERCP (GallRiks).PATIENTS: From May 1, 2005, to December 31, 2011, 63 685 cholecystectomies (laparoscopic and open) and 37 860 ERCPs have been prospectively registered in GallRiks.INTERVENTIONS: Cholecystectomies, laparoscopic or conventional, as well as ERCP in a population-based setting.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Registrations of all cholecystectomies and ERCPs are performed online by the surgeon or endoscopist. Thirty-day follow-up of both gallstone surgery and ERCP is mandatory, as is an additional 6-month follow-up of the cholecystectomies. Scores on the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey are registered preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively in elective cholecystectomies at selected units.RESULTS: The 30-day overall complication rate is 6.1% in elective cholecystectomy, 11.2% in urgent cholecystectomy, and 12.0% following ERCP. The use of antibiotic and thromboembolic prophylaxis in elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy in Sweden has decreased by 8.7% and 17.8% (2006-2011), respectively, mainly owing to presentation of GallRiks data both at meetings and published in peer-reviewed publications. The large database has also enabled several research projects, including one demonstrating that the intention to perform intraoperative cholangiography reduced the risk of death after cholecystectomy. The database has reached greater than 90% national coverage and is continuously validated.CONCLUSIONS: GallRiks is a validated national quality registry for gallstone surgery and ERCP, serving as a base for audit of gallstone disease treatment. It also provides a database for clinical research.
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| 7. |
- Holmberg Larsson, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
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Regional variations in Sweden over time regarding the surgical treatment of acute cholecystitis: a population-based register study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 57:3, s. 305-310
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To provide optimal health care for patients with acute cholecystitis in need of acute cholecystectomy, resource allocation has to be optimized. The aim of this study was to assess possible regional inequity regarding the treatment of acute cholecystitis and explore regional differences in the management of acute cholecystitis.Methods: Data were retrieved from the Swedish National Register for Gallstone Surgery and Endoscopic Retrograde CholangioPancreatography. Between January 2010 and December 2019, 22,985 patients who underwent cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis and without prior history of acute cholecystitis were included in the study. The ratio of cholecystectomies with acute cholecystitis performed within two days of admission to hospital compared to population density was studied. Furthermore, the proportion of acute performed cholecystectomies within two days of admission in regions, with or without tertiary care centers, was also examined.Results: No correlation between population density and proportion of acute performed cholecystectomies was found. Regions without tertiary care centers had a higher proportion of acute cholecystectomies performed within two days (5–10%). The difference in the ratio of acute cholecystectomies within two days of admission was significant for all years investigated except 2010.Conclusions: The presence of a tertiary referral center within the region had a greater influence than the population density on the chance of undergoing acute cholecystectomy for patients with acute cholecystitis. There are several potential explanations for this, one being an interference of the needs of patients requiring tertiary referral center care with the needs of patients in need of acute care surgery.
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| 8. |
- Langerth, Ann, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term risk for acute pancreatitis, cholangitis, and malignancy more than 15 years after endoscopic sphincterotomy : a population-based study
- 2015
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Ingår i: Endoscopy. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 0013-726X .- 1438-8812. ; 47:12, s. 1132-1136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and study aims: It has been suggested that endoscopic sphincterotomy predisposes a patient to cholangitis, pancreatitis, and carcinoma in the pancreaticobiliary tract in the long term. Previous studies have shown an increased risk for acute cholangitis and pancreatitis but not for carcinoma. The aim of this study was to analyze these risks by conducting a long-term follow-up study of patients who underwent treatment for gallstone disease, comparing patients who underwent endoscopic sphincterotomy with those who did not. Patients and methods: A cohort of 1113 Swedish patients who were treated with endoscopic sphincterotomy between 1977 and 1990 for common bile duct stones was compared with two age-and sex-matched control groups with a history of cholecystectomy or cholecystectomy and cholangiotomy. Results: Over a median follow-up of more than 15 years after endoscopic sphincterotomy, the hazard ratio for endoscopic sphincterotomy versus cholecystectomy was 5.5 (95 % confidence interval [CI] 3.5 - 8.4) for cholangitis and 4.9 (95 %CI 2.8 - 8.6) for pancreatitis. The hazard ratio for endoscopic sphincterotomy versus cholangiotomy was 1.7 (95 %CI 1.3 - 2.4) for cholangitis and 1.5 (95 %CI 1.0 - 2.4) for pancreatitis. There was no significant increase in risk for malignant diagnoses. Conclusion: Patients who underwent endoscopic sphincterotomy for choledocholithiasis had an increased risk for acute pancreatitis and cholangitis in the long term compared with those not treated with endoscopic sphincterotomy. There was no increase in risk for malignancy in the pancreaticobiliary tract.
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| 9. |
- Noel, Rozh, et al.
(författare)
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Index versus delayed cholecystectomy in mild gallstone pancreatitis : results of a randomized controlled trial
- 2018
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Ingår i: HPB. - : Elsevier. - 1365-182X .- 1477-2574. ; 20:10, s. 932-938
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Delayed cholecystectomy is associated with increased risk of biliary events. The objectives of the study were to confirm the superiority of index cholecystectomy over delayed operation in mild gallstone pancreatitis.Methods: Patients with mild gallstone pancreatitis were randomized into index-or delayed cholecystectomy (IC vs. DC). IC was performed within 48 h from randomization provided a stable or improved clinical condition. The primary outcome was gallstone-related events. Secondary outcomes were rates of cholecystectomy complications, common bile duct stones (CBDS) detected at cholecystectomy and patient reported quality-of-life and pain.Results: Sixty-six patients were randomized into IC (n = 32) or DC (n = 34) between May 2009 and July 2017. There were significantly higher rates of gallstone-related events in the DC compared with the IC group (nine patients vs. one patient, p = 0.013). No statistically significant differences could be demonstrated in cholecystectomy complications (p = 0.605) and CBDS discovered during cholecystectomy (p = 0.302) between the groups. Pain and emotional well-being measured by SF-36 were improved significantly in the IC group at follow-up.Conclusions: Delayed cholecystectomy in mild gallstone pancreatitis can no longer be recommended since it is associated with an increased risk for recurrent gallstone-related events and impaired patient's reported outcomes. Trial registration number: clinicaltrials.gov (ID: NCT02630433).
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| 10. |
- Pålsson, Simon, et al.
(författare)
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Risk factors for postoperative myocardial infarct following cholecystectomy : a population-based study
- 2020
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Ingår i: HPB. - : Elsevier. - 1365-182X .- 1477-2574. ; 22:1, s. 34-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The aim was to analyse the risk for myocardial infarction (MI) after cholecystectomy.Methods: The study is based on data from the Swedish Register for Gallstone Surgery (GallRiks) 2006–2014. The cohort was cross-linked with the Swedish Patient Register. Standardised incidence ratio (SIR) was calculated by dividing the observed incidence of MI within 30 days after surgery with the expected incidence of the background population.Results: Altogether 94,577 procedures were included. MI within 30 days postoperatively (30d-po) were registered in 87 cases (0.09%, SIR for MI 3.03; 95% CI 2.43–3.74). MI occurred more often in men (0.15% vs 0.06%), after open surgery (0.34% vs 0.04%), was age related (age >50 years OR 4.05 > 75 years OR 15.70) and occurred more frequently amongst those with gallstone complications and high ASA score (ASA 1; 0.02%, 2; 0.08%, ≥3; 0,64%). The risk for MI within 30d-po was 52.8% if the patient had suffered an infarct within 8 weeks preoperatively. Laparoscopy converted to open and primarily open surgery were independent risk factors (OR 3.05 vs 2.19). The mortality in the group with 30d-po MI was 11.5% vs 0.02%.Conclusion: Delaying elective cholecystectomy for at least 8 weeks after a recent MI reduces the risk for postoperative MI.
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