| 1. |
- Sundell, Anna Lena, 1970-
(författare)
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Children with orofacial clefts : dental caries and health-related quality of life
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt)abstract
- Background. The current understanding on caries and enamel developmental defects prevalence and frequency, caries risk, health-related quality life (HRQoL) and stress response in young children with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) are sparse. In this thesis these aspects were investigated in 5- and 10- year-old children with CL/P in comparison to non-cleft children in the same ages.Design. The studies in this thesis have a cross-sectional case-control design. Participants. The study group consisted of 139 children with CL/P (80 children aged 5 years and 59 aged 10 years) and 313 non-cleft controls (144 children aged 5 years and 169 aged 10 years).Method. Caries was scored according to International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS II) and developmental enamel defects were measured as presence and frequency of hypoplasia and hypomineralization. Oral hygiene was assessed using Quigley-Hein plaque index. Stimulated saliva samples were analyzed for mutans streptococci, lactobacilli, buffering capacity and secretion rates. Information regarding children’s oral hygiene routines, dietary habits and fluoride exposure were collected with questionnaires. Caries risk was evaluated with algorithm-based software, Cariogram while HRQoL was perceived with KIDSCREEN-52. Stress response was analyzed with cortisol concentration in saliva at three different time points using a commercial competitive radioimmunoassay.Results. Caries prevalence (36% versus 18%) and caries frequency (1.2 dmfs versus 0.9 dmfs) was significantly higher in 5-year-old children with CL/P in comparison to non-cleft controls. In 10-yearolds no significant difference was found between children with CL/P and non-cleft controls in caries prevalence (47% versus 38%) or in caries frequency (0.7 DMFS versus 0.5 DMFS). Children with CL/P had significantly higher prevalence of enamel defects, higher counts of salivary lactobacilli and less good oral hygiene. The odds of being categorized with high caries risk were elevated in children with CL/P. Children with CL/P had similar HRQoL and salivary cortisol concentrations as non-cleft controls. However, 10-year-old boys with CL/P had significantly higher cortisol concentrations in the evening than non-cleft boys.Conclusions. Preschool children with CL/P seem to have more caries in the primary dentition than non-cleft controls. Children with CL/P had increased odds of being categorized as high caries risk individuals compared to controls. Some of the contributing factors seem to be higher prevalence of enamel defects, impaired oral hygiene and elevated salivary lactobacilli. Furthermore, as measured with the help of cortisol concentrations in saliva, children with CL/P were not more stressed than noncleft controls and their HRQoL was comparable to a European norm population. It appears that regular comprehensive preventive oral care in children with CL/P is effective in preventing caries development in permanent teeth. However, children with CL/P are at risk of caries development and preventive oral care should be implemented and started earlier than today.
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| 2. |
- Taneja, Pankaj, et al.
(författare)
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Reliability of orofacial quantitative sensory testing for pleasantness and unpleasantness
- 2020
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Ingår i: Cephalalgia. - : Sage Publications. - 0333-1024 .- 1468-2982. ; 40:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Quantitative sensory testing protocols for perceptions of pleasantness and unpleasantness based on the German Research Network on Neuropathic Pain protocol were recently introduced. However, there are no reliability studies yet published.AIM: To evaluate the intra-examiner (test-retest) and inter-examiner reliability for orofacial pleasantness and unpleasantness quantitative sensory testing protocols.METHODS: Sixteen healthy participants from Aarhus University (11 women and five men, mean age 24, range 21-26 years) contributed. Two examiners were trained in performing the entire quantitative sensory testing protocols for pleasantness and unpleasantness, which included the additional dynamic tactile stimulation test using a goat-hair brush. Each participant underwent examination of both protocols by each examiner (inter-examiner reliability) on day 1. They returned at least 8 days following the testing to be re-examined by one examiner (intra-examiner reliability). All testing was performed on the skin of the right mandibular mental region. The intraclass correlation (ICC) was used to determine reliability.RESULTS: For the protocol investigating pleasantness, the majority of parameters had good to excellent intra-examiner (11/14: Intraclass correlation 0.67-0.87) and inter-examiner (13/14: Intraclass correlation 0.62-0.96) reliabilities. Similarly, the protocol investigating unpleasantness had good to excellent intra-examiner (intraclass correlation 0.63-0.99) and inter-examiner (intraclass correlation 0.65-0.98) reliabilities for most (13/15) of the parameters.CONCLUSION:Intra and inter-examiner reliabilities in the majority of quantitative sensory testing parameters (apart from the summation ratio) investigating pleasantness and unpleasantness are acceptable when assessing somatosensory function of the orofacial region.Trial registration: NA.
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| 3. |
- Bazargani, Farhan, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Rapid Maxillary Expansion in Therapy-Resistant Enuretic Children : An Orthodontic Perspective
- 2016
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Ingår i: Angle orthodontist. - : The EH Angle Education and Research Foundation Inc. - 0003-3219 .- 1945-7103. ; 86:3, s. 481-486
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To evaluate whether rapid maxillary expansion (RME) could reduce the frequency of nocturnal enuresis (NE) in children and whether a placebo effect could be ruled out. Methods: Thirty-four subjects, 29 boys and five girls with mean age of 10.7 +/- 1.8 years suffering from primary NE, were recruited. All subjects were nonresponders to the first-line antienuretic. treatment and therefore were classified as "therapy resistant." To rule out a placebo effect of the RME appliance, all children were first treated with a passive appliance for 4 weeks. Rhinomanometry (RM), acoustic rhinometry (AR), polysomnographic registration, and study casts were made at different time points. Results: One child experienced severe discomfort from the RME appliance and immediately withdrew from the study. Following RME, the long-term cure rate after 1 year was 60%. The RM and AR measurements at baseline and directly after RME showed a significant increase in nasal volume and nasal airflow, and there was a statistically significant correlation between reduction in enuresis and increase in nasal volume. Six months postretention, a 100% relapse of the dental overexpansion could be noted. Conclusions: RME has a curative effect in some children with NE, which could be connected to the positive influence of RME on the sleep architecture. Normal transverse occlusion does not seem to be a contraindication for moderate maxillary expansion in attempts to cure NE in children.
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| 4. |
- Bazargani, Farhan, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Three-dimensional Analysis of Effects of Rapid Maxillary Expansion on Facial Sutures and Bones : A systematic review
- 2013
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Ingår i: Angle orthodontist. - : The EH Angle Education and Research Foundation Inc. - 0003-3219 .- 1945-7103. ; 83:6, s. 1074-1082
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To evaluate the evidence on three-dimensional immediate effects of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) treatment on growing patients as assessed by computed tomography/cone beam computed tomography (CT/CBCT) imaging. Materials and Methods: The published literature was searched through the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library electronic databases from January 1966 to December 2012. The inclusion criteria consisted of randomized controlled trials, prospective controlled studies, and prospective case-series. Two reviewers extracted the data independently and assessed the quality of the studies. Results: The search strategy resulted in 73 abstracts or full-text articles, of which 10 met the inclusion criteria. When treating posterior crossbites with a RME device, the existing evidence points out that the midpalatal suture opening is around 20%-50% of the total screw expansion. There seems to be no consistent evidence on whether the midpalatal sutural opening is parallel or triangular. The effect on the nasal cavity dimensions after RME seems to be apparent and indicates an enlargement between 17% and 33% of the total screw expansion. Circummaxillary sutures, particularly the zygomaticomaxillary and frontomaxillary sutures and also spheno-occipital synchondrosis, appear to be affected by the maxillary expansion. Overall, however, the changes were small and the evidence not conclusive. Conclusions: CT imaging proved to be a useful tool for assessment of treatment effects in all three dimensions. The majority of the articles were judged to be of low quality, and therefore, no evidence-based conclusions could to be drawn from these studies.
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| 5. |
- Dimberg, Lillemor, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of malocclusion on the quality of life among children and adolescents : a systematic review of quantitative studies
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Journal of Orthodontics. - : Oxford University Press. - 0141-5387 .- 1460-2210. ; 37:3, s. 238-247
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Among child and adolescent patients, persistent but untreated malocclusions may or may not have psychological and social impacts on the individual's quality of life. Objectives: To gain knowledge of malocclusions and its impact on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL), we conducted a systematic review of quantitative studies for evidence regarding the influence of malocclusions on OHRQOL in children and adolescents. Materials and methods: Five databases (MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE, Psychinfo, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library) were searched using specified indexing terms. The following inclusion criteria were used: child or adolescent study population; healthy study participants without syndromes such as cleft lip/palate or severe illness; no previous or ongoing orthodontic treatment among participants; a focus on malocclusions and quality of life; controlled or subgrouped according to malocclusions/no malocclusions; malocclusions and/or orthodontic treatment need assessed by professionals using standardized measures; self-assessed OHRQOL estimated using validated questionnaire instruments; full-text articles written in English or Scandinavian languages. Quality of evidence was classified according to GRADE guidelines as high, moderate, or low. Results: The search produced 1142 titles and abstracts. Based on pre-established criteria, the full-text versions of 70 articles were obtained, 22 of which satisfied the inclusion criteria. After data extraction and interpretation, six publications were deemed eligible for full inclusion. All six were of cross-sectional design, and the quality of evidence was high in four cases and moderate in the remaining two. The four studies with a high level of quality reported that anterior malocclusion had a negative impact on OHRQOL, and the two with a moderate level of quality reported that increased orthodontic treatment need had a negative impact on OHRQOL. Conclusion: The scientific evidence was considered strong since four studies with high level of quality reported that malocclusions have negative effects on OHRQOL, predominantly in the dimensions of emotional and social wellbeing.
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| 6. |
- Feldmann, Ingalill, et al.
(författare)
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Pain and Discomfort During the First Week of Rapid Maxillary Expansion (RME) Using Two Different RME Appliances : A Randomized Controlled Trial
- 2017
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Ingår i: Angle orthodontist. - : E H Angle Orthodontists Research & Education Foundation, Inc.. - 0003-3219 .- 1945-7103. ; 87:3, s. 391-396
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To evaluate and compare perceived pain intensity, discomfort, and jaw function impairment during the first week with tooth-borne or tooth-bone-borne rapid maxillary expansion (RME) appliances. Materials and Methods: Fifty-four patients (28 girls and 26 boys) with a mean age of 9.8 years (SD 1.28 years) were randomized into two groups. Group A received a conventional hyrax appliance and group B a hybrid hyrax appliance anchored on mini-implants in the anterior palate. Questionnaires were used to assess pain intensity, discomfort, analgesic consumption, and jaw function impairment on the first and fourth days after RME appliance insertion. Results: Fifty patients answered both questionnaires. Overall median pain on the first day in treatment was 13.0 (range 0-82) and 3.5 (0-78) for groups A and B, respectively, with no significant differences in pain, discomfort, analgesic consumption, or functional jaw impairment between groups. Overall median pain on the fourth day was 9.0 (0-90) and 2.0 (0-71) for groups A and B, respectively, with no significant differences between groups. There were also no significant differences in pain levels within group A, while group B scored significantly lower concerning pain from molars and incisors and tensions from the jaw on day 4 than on the first day in treatment. There was a significant positive correlation between age and pain and discomfort on the fourth day in treatment. No correlations were found between sex and pain and discomfort, analgesic consumption, and jaw function impairment. Conclusions: Both tooth-borne and tooth-bone-borne RME were generally well tolerated by the patients during the first week of treatment.
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| 7. |
- Häggman Henrikson, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Temporomandibular Disorder Pain After Whiplash Trauma: A Systematic Review
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Orofacial Pain. - : Quintessence Publishing. - 1064-6655 .- 1945-3396. ; 27:3, s. 217-226
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To assess, by systematic review of the literature, (1) the prevalence and incidence of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) pain after whiplash trauma, and (2) whether treatment modalities commonly used for TMD are equally effective in patients with solely TMD pain and those with TMD/whiplash-associated disorders (WAD) pain. Methods: A systematic literature search of the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Bandolier databases was conducted from January 1966 through October 2012. The systematic search identified 125 articles. After an initial screening of abstracts, 45 articles were reviewed in full text. Two investigators evaluated the methodological quality of each identified study. Results: Eight studies on prevalence/incidence of TMD pain in WAD and four studies on interventions in TMD pain and WAD met the inclusion criteria. The reported median prevalence of TMD pain after whiplash trauma was 23% (range 2.4% to 52%) and the incidence ranged from 4% to 34%. For healthy controls, the reported median prevalence was 3% (range 2.5% to 8%) and the incidence ranged from 4.7% to 7%. For patients with a combination of TMD pain and WAD, treatment modalities conventionally used for TMD, such as jaw exercises and occlusal splints, had less of an effect (median improvement rate of 48%, range 13% to 68%) compared to TMD patients without a whiplash injury (75%, range 51% to 91%). Conclusion: There is some evidence that prevalence and incidence of TMD pain is increased after whiplash trauma. The poorer treatment outcome suggests that TMD pain after whiplash trauma has a different pathophysiology compared to TMD pain localized to the facial region.
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| 8. |
- Senneby, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Diagnostic accuracy of different caries risk assessment methods : A systematic review
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Dentistry. - : Elsevier. - 0300-5712 .- 1879-176X. ; 43:12, s. 1385-1393
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To evaluate the accuracy of different methods used to identify individuals with increased risk of developing dental coronal caries. Data: Studies on following methods were included: previous caries experience, tests using microbiota, buffering capacity, salivary flow rate, oral hygiene, dietary habits and sociodemographic variables. QUADAS-2 was used to assess risk of bias. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and likelihood ratios (LR) were calculated. Quality of evidence based on >= 3 studies of a method was rated according to GRADE. Sources: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and reference lists of included publications were searched up to January 2015. Study selection: From 5776 identified articles, 18 were included. Assessment of study quality identified methodological limitations concerning study design, test technology and reporting. No study presented low risk of bias in all domains. Three or more studies were found only for previous caries experience and salivary mutans streptococci and quality of evidence for these methods was low. Evidence regarding other methods was lacking. For previous caries experience, sensitivity ranged between 0.21 and 0.94 and specificity between 0.20 and 1. Tests using salivary mutans streptococci resulted in low sensitivity and high specificity. For children with primary teeth at baseline, pooled LR for a positive test was 3 for previous caries experience and 4 for salivary mutans streptococci, given a threshold >= 10(5) CFU/ml. Conclusions: Evidence on the validity of analysed methods used for caries risk assessment is limited. As methodological quality was low, there is a need to improve study design. Clinical significance: Low validity for the analysed methods may lead to patients with increased risk not being identified, whereas some are falsely identified as being at risk. As caries risk assessment guides individualized decisions on interventions and intervals for patient recall, improved performance based on best evidence is greatly needed. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
- Sotres, Javier, et al.
(författare)
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NanoWear of Salivary Films vs. Substratum Wettability
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Dental Research. - : SAGE Publications. - 0022-0345 .- 1544-0591. ; 91:10, s. 973-978
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pellicle serves as a multifunctional protective layer, providing, e.g., lubrication and remineralization and also acting as a diffusion barrier. In addition, since the formation of the pellicle precedes the adhesion of micro-organisms, it is also important as a conditioning film. We present a novel approach to study the influence of the water wettability of solid surfaces on the strength of adsorbed salivary films. It is based on studying the wear resistance of the films with an atomic force microscope operated in the friction force spectroscopy mode. This methodology provides the strength of the films in terms of the forces needed for breaking and removing them. Our results indicate that these forces are highly dependent on the water wettability of the underlying substrata, decreasing with increasing hydrophobicity. Thus, this study provides valuable information for the design of materials exposed in the oral cavity, i.e., materials that will minimize plaque formation and be easy to clean.
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| 10. |
- Wiesinger, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental masseter muscle pain alters jaw-neck motor strategy
- 2013
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Ingår i: European Journal of Pain. - : Wiley. - 1090-3801 .- 1532-2149. ; 17:7, s. 995-1004
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A functional integration between the jaw and neck regions has been demonstrated during normal jaw function. The effect of masseter muscle pain on this integrated motor behaviour in man is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of induced masseter muscle pain on jaw-neck movements during a continuous jaw opening-closing task.Methods: Sixteen healthy men performed continuous jaw opening-closing movements to a target position, defined as 75% of the maximum jaw opening. Each subject performed two trials without pain (controls) and two trials with masseter muscle pain, induced with hypertonic saline as a single injection. Simultaneous movements of the mandible and the head were registered with a wireless optoelectronic three-dimensional recording system. Differences in movement amplitudes between trials were analysed with Friedman's test and corrected Wilcoxon matched pairs test.Results: The head movement amplitudes were significantly larger during masseter muscle pain trials compared with control. Jaw movement amplitudes did not differ significantly between any of the trials after corrected Wilcoxon tests. The ratio between head and jaw movement amplitudes was significantly larger during the first pain trial compared with control.Conclusions: Experimental masseter muscle pain in humans affected integrated jaw-neck movements by increasing the neck component during continuous jaw opening-closing tasks. The findings indicate that pain can alter the strategy for jaw-neck motor control, which further underlines the functional integration between the jaw and neck regions. This altered strategy may have consequences for development of musculoskeletal pain in the jaw and neck regions.
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