| 1. |
- Bergknut, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
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Intervertebral disc degeneration in the dog. Part 1: Anatomy and physiology of the intervertebral disc and characteristics of intervertebral disc degeneration
- 2013
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Ingår i: Veterinary Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 1090-0233 .- 1532-2971. ; 195, s. 282-291
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is common in dogs and can give rise to a number of diseases, such as IVD herniation, cervical spondylomyelopathy, and degenerative lumbosacral stenosis. Although there have been many reports and reviews on the clinical aspects of canine IVD disease, few reports have discussed and reviewed the process of IVD degeneration. In this first part of a two-part review, the anatomy, physiology, histopathology, and biochemical and biomechanical characteristics of the healthy and degenerated IVD are described. In Part 2, the aspects of IVD degeneration in chondrodystrophic and non-chondrodystrophic dog breeds are discussed in depth
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| 2. |
- Bergknut, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
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Intervertebral disc degeneration in the dog. Part 2: Chondrodystrophic and non-chondrodystrophic breeds
- 2013
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Ingår i: Veterinary Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 1090-0233 .- 1532-2971. ; 195, s. 292-299
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dogs can be grouped into two distinct types of breed based on the predisposition to chondrodystrophy, namely, non-chondrodystrophic (NCD) and chondrodystrophic (CD). In addition to a different process of endochondral ossification, NCD and CD breeds have different characteristics of intravertebral disc (IVD) degeneration and IVD degenerative diseases. The anatomy, physiology, histopathology, and biochemical and biomechanical characteristics of the healthy and degenerated IVD are discussed in the first part of this two-part review. This second part describes the similarities and differences in the histopathological and biochemical characteristics of IVD degeneration in CD and NCD canine breeds and discusses relevant aetiological factors of IVD degeneration. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Essner, Ann, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of Polar® RS800CX heart rate monitor and electrocardiogram for measuring inter-beat intervals in healthy dogs
- 2015
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Ingår i: Physiology and Behavior. - : Elsevier. - 0031-9384 .- 1873-507X. ; 138:January, s. 247-253
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to assess the criterion validity, relative reliability and level of agreement ofPolar® RS800CX heart rate monitor measuring inter-beat intervals (IBIs), compared to simultaneously recordedelectrocardiogram (ECG) in dogs.Methods: Five continuous minutes of simultaneously recorded IBIs from Polar® RS800CX and Cardiostore ECG in11 adult healthy dogs maintaining standing position were analyzed. Polar® data was statistically compared toECG data to assess for systematic differences between the methods. Three different methods for handling missingIBI data were used. Criterion validities were calculated by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and corresponding95% confidence intervals (CIs). Relative reliabilities and levels of agreement were calculated by ICCsand the Bland and Altman analysis for repeated measurements per subject.Results: Correlation coefficients between IBI data from ECG and Polar® RS800CX varied between 0.73 and 0.84depending on how missing values were handled. Polar® was over- and underestimating IBI data compared toECG. The mean difference in log transformed (base10) IBI data was 0.8%, and 93.2% of the values were withinthe limits of agreement. Internally excluding three subjects presenting IBI series containing more than 5% erroneousIBIs resulted in ICCs between 0.97 and 0.99. Bland and Altman analysis (n = 8) showed mean differencewas 1.8 ms, and 98.5% of the IBI values were plotted inside limits of agreement.Conclusion: This study showed that Polar® systematically biased recorded IBI series and that it was fundamentalto detect measurement errors. For Polar® RS800CX heart rate monitor to be used interchangeably to ECG, byshowing excellent criterion validity and reliable IBI measures in group and individual samples, only less than5% of artifacts could be accepted.
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| 4. |
- Bergknut, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
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Intervertebral disc disease in dogs - Part 1: A new histological grading scheme for classification of intervertebral disc degeneration in dogs
- 2013
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Ingår i: Veterinary Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 1090-0233 .- 1532-2971. ; 195, s. 156-163
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three independent observers evaluated 35 IVDs at different stages of degeneration using the scheme. Glycosaminoglycan contents of the nucleus pulposus and macroscopic grading according to Thompson, which are considered 'gold standards' for IVD degeneration, were used to validate the scheme. Reproducibility was assessed by analysing the inter-observer reliability of all individual variables of the grading scheme, using a weighted kappa analysis. Significant correlations were found between Thompson grading and total histological score (r = 0.94; P < 0.01) and between glycosaminoglycan content and total histological score (r = -0.72; P < 0.01). Most individual histological variables showed 'moderate' to 'almost perfect' inter-observer reliability. The high correlation with the gold standards in combination with the high reproducibility indicates that the proposed histological grading scheme is reliable and objective for classification of IVD degeneration in both chondrodystrophic and non-chondrodystrophic dog breeds. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Ley, Charles, et al.
(författare)
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Detection of early osteoarthritis in the centrodistal joints of Icelandic horses: Evaluation of radiography and low-field magnetic resonance imaging
- 2016
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Ingår i: Equine Veterinary Journal. - : Wiley. - 0425-1644 .- 2042-3306. ; 48, s. 57-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reasons for performing studyValidated noninvasive detection methods for early osteoarthritis (OA) are required for OA prevention and early intervention treatment strategies.ObjectivesTo evaluate radiography and low-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the detection of early stage OA osteochondral lesions in equine centrodistal joints using microscopy as the reference standard.Study designProspective imaging of live horses and imaging and microscopy of cadaver tarsal joints.MethodsCentrodistal (distal intertarsal) joints of 38 Icelandic research horses aged 27-29 months were radiographed. Horses were subjected to euthanasia approximately 2 months later and cadaver joints examined with low-field MRI. Osteochondral joint specimens were classified as negative or positive for OA using light microscopy histology or scanning electron microscopy. Radiographs and MRIs were evaluated for osteochondral lesions and results compared with microscopy.ResultsForty-two joints were classified OA positive with microscopy. Associations were detected between microscopic OA and the radiography lesion categories; mineralisation front defect (P<0.0001), joint margin lesion (P<0.0001), central osteophyte (P = 0.03) and the low-field MRI lesion categories; mineralisation front defect (P = 0.01), joint margin lesion (P = 0.02) and articular cartilage lesion (P = 0.0003). The most frequent lesion category detected in microscopic OA positive joints was the mineralisation front defect in radiographs (28/42 OA positive joints, specificity 97%, sensitivity 67%). No significant differences were detected between the sensitivity and specificity of radiography and low-field MRI pooled lesion categories, but radiography was often superior when individual lesion categories were compared.ConclusionsEarly stage centrodistal joint OA changes may be detected with radiography and low-field MRI. Detection of mineralisation front defects in radiographs may be a useful screening method for detection of early OA in centrodistal joints of young Icelandic horses.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Ekman, Stina
(författare)
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Articular osteochondrosis: a comparison of naturally-occurring human and animal disease.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. - : Elsevier BV. - 1063-4584 .- 1522-9653. ; 21, s. 1638-1647
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Osteochondrosis (OC) is a common developmental orthopedic disease affecting both humans and animals. Despite increasing recognition of this disease among children and adolescents, its pathogenesis is incompletely understood because clinical signs are often not apparent until lesions have progressed to end-stage, and examination of cadaveric early lesions is not feasible. In contrast, both naturally-occurring and surgically-induced animal models of disease have been extensively studied, most notably in horses and swine, species in which OC is recognized to have profound health and economic implications. The potential for a translational model of human OC has not been recognized in the existing human literature. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this review is to highlight the similarities in signalment, predilection sites and clinical presentation of naturally-occurring OC in humans and animals and to propose a common pathogenesis for this condition across species. STUDY DESIGN: Review. METHODS: The published human and veterinary literature for the various manifestations of OC was reviewed. Peer-reviewed original scientific articles and species-specific review articles accessible in PubMed (US National Library of Medicine) were eligible for inclusion. RESULTS: A broad range of similarities exists between OC affecting humans and animals, including predilection sites, clinical presentation, radiographic/MRI changes, and histological appearance of the end-stage lesion, suggesting a shared pathogenesis across species. CONCLUSION: This proposed shared pathogenesis for OC between species implies that naturally-occurring and surgically-induced models of OC in animals may be useful in determining risk factors and for testing new diagnostic and therapeutic interventions that can be used in humans. Copyright © 2013 Osteoarthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
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| 9. |
- Ekman, Stina
(författare)
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Broskets Biokemi och Morfologi
- 2014
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Ingår i: Broskskador och artros. - 9789144072159 ; , s. 9-18
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 10. |
- Ekman, Stina
(författare)
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Osteochondrosis Can Lead to Formation of Pseudocysts and True Cysts in the Subchondral Bone of Horses
- 2015
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Ingår i: Veterinary Pathology. - : SAGE Publications. - 0300-9858 .- 1544-2217. ; 52, s. 862-872
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Osteochondrosis arises as a result of focal failure of the blood supply to growth cartilage. The current aim was to examine the pathogenesis of pseudocysts and true cysts in subchondral bone following failure of the blood supply to the articular-epiphyseal cartilage complex in horses. Cases were recruited based on identification of lesions (n = 17) that were considered likely to progress to or to represent pseudocysts or true cysts in epiphyseal bone in histological sections and included 10 horses ranging in age from 48 days to 5 years old. Cases comprised 3 warmbloods, 3 Standardbreds, 1 Quarter horse and 1 Arabian with spontaneous lesions and 2 Fjord ponies with experimentally induced lesions. Seven lesions consisted of areas of ischemic chondronecrosis and were compatible with pseudocysts. Two lesions were located at intermediate depth in epiphyseal growth cartilage, 2 lesions were located in the ossification front, 2 lesions were located in epiphyseal bone and 1 lesion was located in the metaphyseal growth plate (physis). Ten lesions contained dilated blood vessels and were compatible with true cysts. In 2 lesions the dilated blood vessels were located within the lumina of failed cartilage canals. In the 8 remaining lesions areas of ischemic chondronecrosis were associated with granulation tissue in the subjacent bone and dilated vessels were located within this granulation tissue. Failure of the blood supply and ischemic chondronecrosis can lead to formation of pseudocysts or dilatation of blood vessels and formation of true cysts in the epiphyseal bone of horses.
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