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Träfflista för sökning "hsv:(MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP) hsv:(Klinisk medicin) hsv:(Psykiatri) ;pers:(Isaksson Johan)"

Sökning: hsv:(MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP) hsv:(Klinisk medicin) hsv:(Psykiatri) > Isaksson Johan

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1.
  • Isaksson, Johan, et al. (författare)
  • Associations between the FKBP5 haplotype, exposure to violence and anxiety in females
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Psychoneuroendocrinology. - Oxford, United Kingdom : Elsevier. - 0306-4530 .- 1873-3360. ; 72, s. 196-204
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The gene that encodes the FK506-binding protein 5 (FKBP5) is regarded as a candidate for investigating how negative life events interact with a genetic predisposition to stress-related disorders, such as depression and anxiety. Given the role of FKBP5 as an important regulator of stress responses, we aimed to investigate if single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in FKBP5-in the presence/absence of exposure to violence-are associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety. Data from two community-based samples of adolescents (n=1705) and young adults (n=1800) regarding ratings on depression, anxiety, exposure to violence and FKBP5 genotype were collected. A risk haplogenotype including the minor alleles of seven common SNPs in the FKBP5 (rs3800373, rs9296158, rs7748266, rs1360780, rs9394309, rs9470080 and rs4713916) conferred higher ratings on anxiety among females, but not males, in the presence of violence. Exposure to violence and female sex were associated with higher ratings on both depression and anxiety, with the exception of ratings on depression among young adults, on which sex had no effect. Ratings on depression were not associated with the haplogenotype. These findings may correspond to differences in the regulation of the HPA axis and with the higher vulnerability to anxiety in females.
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2.
  • Isaksson, Johan, et al. (författare)
  • Polymorphisms in the FK506 binding protein 5 gene are associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and diurnal cortisol levels
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : WILEY. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 104:9, s. 910-915
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • AimPrevious studies have shown an association between childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and a down-regulated hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) with low diurnal cortisol levels. Given the role of the FK506 binding protein 5 (FKBP5) as an important regulator of the negative feedback system of the HPA axis, we set out to investigate possible associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in FKBP5 in relation to ADHD and diurnal cortisol levels. MethodsChildren with ADHD (n=81) and healthy comparisons (n=88) collected saliva four times during a regular school day for radioimmunoassay analysis of cortisol and for genotyping of five SNPs in FKBP5 (rs9296158, rs1360780, rs9470080, rs7748266 and rs9394309). ResultsWe found associations between SNP genotypes and ADHD as well as between genotypes and diurnal cortisol levels. One of these SNPs, rs9470080, was significantly associated with both ADHD and lower cortisol levels. ConclusionThis study contributes to previous findings on a down-regulated HPA axis in children with ADHD by demonstrating an association between ADHD, lower cortisol levels and SNPs of the FKBP5-gene. The relevance of these findings for the development and shaping of ADHD symptoms needs to be approached in larger samples, preferably also taking stress reactivity into consideration.
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3.
  • Isaksson, Johan, et al. (författare)
  • The Pressure-Activation-Stress scale in relation to ADHD and cortisol
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1018-8827 .- 1435-165X. ; 24:2, s. 153-161
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Pressure-Activation-Stress (PAS) scale is a self-report questionnaire for children concerning perceived stress. To explore behavioral and physiological correlates, we investigated if scores discriminate between a group prone to perceive high levels of stress [children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)] and a healthy school sample, and if they are associated with diurnal cortisol levels. The PAS scale was filled in at home by children (11-17 years) with clinically confirmed ADHD (n = 102) and non-affected comparisons (n = 146). Saliva samples were collected four times during a regular school day for radioimmunoassay analysis of cortisol. Subtypes and severity of ADHD symptoms were determined using parental rating scales. Children with ADHD scored higher on the PAS scale than a school sample. The PAS scores were similar over ages in the ADHD group while they increased with age in the healthy group. Female sex was associated with higher stress in both groups but no gender interaction was found. No association was found between PAS scores and cortisol levels in neither group. Children in the ADHD group had a lower ratio of cortisol levels/perceived stress on all sampling occasions, built up both by the higher PAS scores and the lower cortisol levels in children with ADHD. The higher PAS scores in children with ADHD support the validity of the scale. The lack of association between PAS scores and diurnal cortisol levels is intriguing and illustrates the complexity of the stress concept. Stress-related fragility seems to accompany ADHD during childhood.
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4.
  • Isaksson, Johan, et al. (författare)
  • Early psychosocial adversity and cortisol levels in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1018-8827 .- 1435-165X. ; 22:7, s. 425-432
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Previous studies suggest a different regulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA-axis) with lower diurnal cortisol levels, especially in the morning, in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) compared with controls. Since exposure to foetal and childhood psychosocial adversity has been associated with both ADHD and HPA-axis functioning, such exposures may explain these low cortisol levels in ADHD via early programming of the HPA-axis. Thus, our main aim was to retrospectively study foetal and early childhood exposures to psychosocial adversity in children with ADHD and to relate these exposures to cortisol levels. Saliva samples were collected during a regular weekday in children, 6-17 years old, with clinically confirmed ADHD (n = 197) and non-affected comparisons (n = 221) for radioimmunoassay analysis of cortisol. Parental rating scales were used for categorising subtypes of ADHD and degree of exposure to adversity. Children with ADHD had more reports of at least one rated foetal adversity (p = 0.041) and childhood adversity (p < 0.001) than comparisons. The association between low morning cortisol levels and ADHD-symptoms remained when analyses were adjusted for adversities, age, sex, sampling time and symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder. No relation was found between exposures to foetal/childhood adversity and cortisol levels except for a positive relation between childhood adversity and cortisol morning increase in children with ADHD. The hypothesis that early adversity may influence the HPA-axis, leading to lower cortisol levels in children with ADHD, was not supported by our findings.
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5.
  • Ghosh, Eric, et al. (författare)
  • Own-gender bias in school staff's recognition of children with ADHD
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 108:6, s. 1165-1166
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in attention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. A higher proportion of boys than girls are diagnosed with ADHD, although girls seek care for ADHD at an older age, and almost to the same extent as men by adulthood (1). The sex difference in prevalence rates during childhood may hypothetically reflect a bias in referral patterns, where adults perceive and value girls' symptoms differently to boys' symptoms. Consistent with this finding, the gender bias is attenuated when self-reports and community-based samples are used (1).
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6.
  • Isaksson, Johan, et al. (författare)
  • Cortisol levels in children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Journal of Psychiatric Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3956 .- 1879-1379. ; 46:11, s. 1398-1405
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Regulation of the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal axis (HPA-axis) and its end product cortisol differs among persons with certain psychiatric disorders when compared with controls. Some reports concern Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) but findings are inconclusive. In this study we collected four saliva samples during a regular weekday in children, 6-17 years old, with ADHD (n = 201) and non-affected comparisons (n = 221). Saliva cortisol was measured with radioimmunoassay technique. Clinical data were collected for diagnostic information. Subtypes and severity of symptoms were determined using parental rating scales. Children with ADHD had lower saliva cortisol levels than comparisons at waking up Median = 9.1 versus 12.7 nmol/L (p < .001), 30 min later Median = 15.8 versus 20.1 nmol/L (p < .001) and before going to bed Median = 0.8 versus 1.0 nmol/L (p = .015). No difference was found for the afternoon sample. When the study group was split into three different age groups similar results were found only for children above 10 years of age. Subtype of ADHD or co-occurring symptoms did not affect the cortisol levels. Degree of severity of ADHD symptoms was not associated with cortisol levels in the study group, other than a weak negative correlation between the afternoon sample and hyperactivity symptoms. The low cortisol levels in children with ADHD may indicate a dysregulation of the HPA-axis, for instance a down-regulation or a phase delay of the diurnal curve. The low levels may be related to the under-arousal possibly underlying several of the core symptoms of ADHD.
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7.
  • Isaksson, Johan, et al. (författare)
  • Effects of stimulants and atomoxetine on cortisol levels in children with ADHD
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 209:3, s. 740-741
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have lower diurnal cortisol levels than non-ADHD comparison subjects. Aiming at elucidating the effects of medications used to treat ADHD, we investigated saliva cortisol in children with ADHD: 20 without medication, 147 on methylphenidate, and 21 on atomoxetine. The only significant finding was that children on atomoxetine had higher cortisol levels at bedtime than unmedicated children.
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8.
  • Isaksson, Johan, et al. (författare)
  • Psychotic-like experiences during early adolescence predict symptoms of depression, anxiety, and conduct problems three years later : A community-based study
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Schizophrenia Research. - : ELSEVIER. - 0920-9964 .- 1573-2509. ; 215, s. 190-196
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs), such as delusions and hallucinations, are risk markers for psychiatric symptoms and functional impairment. However, the unique contribution of PLEs to psychiatric symptoms remains unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of PLEs on psychiatric symptoms, adjusting for the baseline of such symptoms. We assessed a community-based cohort of young adolescents (N = 1445; mean age = 14.38 years, SD = 1.04) to establish a baseline and reassessed them three years later (mean age = 17.31 years, SD = 1.04). Participants reported PLEs they had experienced in the last year and any internalizing (depression and anxiety) or externalizing (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and conduct problems) psychiatric symptoms. The experience of more PLEs predicted more internalizing symptoms three years later, and to a lesser extent, more conduct problems as well, even when adjusting for the baseline occurrence of these symptoms. The association was not sex-specific, although girls reported more PLEs than did boys. The strongest predictor of internalizing/ externalizing symptoms was the occurrence of those same symptoms at baseline. These findings highlight the importance of PLEs as markers for a wide range of psychiatric symptoms, emphasizing the importance of assessing PLEs in early adolescence. 
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9.
  • Isaksson, Johan, et al. (författare)
  • The danger of being inattentive – ADHD symptoms and risky sexual behaviour in Russian adolescents
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: European psychiatry. - : Elsevier. - 0924-9338 .- 1778-3585. ; :47, s. 42-48
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • AbstractBackground Prior research has indicated that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms may be associated with an increased likelihood of engaging in risky sexual behaviour (RSB). However, research on this association among adolescents has been comparatively limited and mainly confined to North America. The aim of this study was to examine if inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms were linked to RSB in a community cohort sample of Russian adolescents. Methods The study was based on a group of 537 adolescents from Northern Russia. Information on inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity as well as conduct problems was obtained through teacher ratings, while information on RSB (previous unprotected sex, number of sexual partners, sex while intoxicated and partner pregnancies), substance use, perception of risk, and parenting behaviour was based on students’ self-reports. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to examine associations between the variables. Results Teacher-rated inattention symptoms predicted RSB, independently of co-morbid conduct problems, substance use, risk perception, and different parenting styles (parental warmth, involvement and control). In addition, male sex, binge drinking and a lower assessment of perceived risk were all significantly associated with RSB in an adjusted model. Neither teacher-rated hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms nor conduct problems were linked to RSB in the full model. Conclusions Deficits in planning and organizing behaviours, being easily distracted and forgetful seem to be of importance for RSB in Russian adolescents. This highlights the importance of discriminating between different types of ADHD symptoms in adolescence to prevent risk behaviours and their potentially detrimental outcomes on health and well-being.
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10.
  • Lindblad, Frank, et al. (författare)
  • Fasting blood glucose and HbA1c in children with ADHD
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 226:2-3, s. 515-516
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Reports of hypocortisolism and overweight in pediatric ADHD motivate an investigation of blood glucose regulation in this group. Fasting blood glucose and HbA1c were investigated in 10 children (10-15 years) with ADHD and 22 comparisons. Fasting blood glucose was similar in both groups. HbA1c values were higher in the ADHD-group. BMI-SDS was also higher in the ADHD-group but did not predict HbA1c. The results suggest an association between ADHD and an altered blood glucose homeostasis.
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