| 1. |
- Skalkidou, Alkistis, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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O-058 46thCongress of the International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP) 2014
- 2014
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Ingår i: Pediatric Blood & Cancer. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1545-5009 .- 1545-5017. ; 61:S2, s. S121-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objectives:Birth weight has been explored as a risk factor for several types of childhood (0-14 years) cancer. This nationwide Swedish cohort study aims to evaluate the associationbetween crude and adjusted characteristics of fetal growth (birth weight, length, headcircumference, ponderal index, small-SGA, appropriate-AGA and large for gestational age-LGA) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) risk.Methods:All 3,444,136 singleton live births were included, among whom 515 incident NHLcases aged 0-14 years were diagnosed in 1973-2007, as identified through linkage with theSwedish Cancer Register. Proportional hazards models were used to estimate the HazardRatio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of NHL. The core multivariable modelincluded infant sex, maternal education and maternal age at delivery, birth order of the indexchild (1þchild) and gestational age, the latter omitted in the analyses with SGA, AGA, LGAvariables, as appropriate.Results:Male sex was associated with a doubled NHL risk (HR¼2.00, 95% CI: 1.66-2.41).LGA birth weight, but not birth weightper se, was associated with an 80% increase in NHLrisk (HR¼1.83, 95%CI: 1.20-2.79). In the subgroup analyses by sex, the latter associationwas confined particularly to females (HR¼3.37, 95% CI: 1.90-5.97). Other growth variableswere not consistently associated with NHL risk, prossibly due to smaller variation ormeasurement errors.Conclusions:Fetal macrosomy seems to represent a considerable risk factor for childhoodNHL, whereas its effect may differ by gender. An approach to assess the association solelyusing crude birth weight, as a proxy, seems inadequate, given that more elaborate LGA indicesmay portray accelerated intrauterine growth as a more meaningful component. Future studiesshould aim at disentangling the physiological mechanisms underlying the relevance of sex-specific associations.
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| 2. |
- Farooqi, Aijaz, et al.
(författare)
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One-year survival and outcomes of infants born at 22 and 23 weeks of gestation in Sweden 2004-2007, 2014-2016 and 2017-2019
- 2023
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Ingår i: Archives of Disease in Childhood-Fetal and Neonatal Edition. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 1359-2998 .- 1468-2052.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveTo explore associations between perinatal activity and survival in infants born at 22 and 23 weeks of gestation in Sweden. Design/SettingData on all births at 22 and 23 weeks' gestational age (GA) were prospectively collected in 2004-2007 (T1) or obtained from national registers in 2014-2016 (T2) and 2017-2019 (T3). Infants were assigned perinatal activity scores based on 3 key obstetric and 4 neonatal interventions. Main outcomeOne-year survival and survival without major neonatal morbidities (MNM): intraventricular haemorrhage grade 3-4, cystic periventricular leucomalacia, surgical necrotising enterocolitis, retinopathy of prematurity stage 3-5 or severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The association of GA-specific perinatal activity score and 1-year survival was also determined. Results977 infants (567 live births and 410 stillbirths) were included: 323 born in T1, 347 in T2 and 307 in T3. Among live-born infants, survival at 22 weeks was 5/49 (10%) in T1 and rose significantly to 29/74 (39%) in T2 and 31/80 (39%) in T3. Survival was not significantly different between epochs at 23 weeks (53%, 61% and 67%). Among survivors, the proportions without MNM in T1, T2 and T3 were 20%, 17% and 19% for 22 weeks and 17%, 25% and 25% for 23 weeks' infants (p>0.05 for all comparisons). Each 5-point increment in GA-specific perinatal activity score increased the odds for survival in first 12 hours of life (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.4; 95% CI 1.3 to 1.6) in addition to 1-year survival (aOR 1.2; 95% CI 1.1 to 1.3), and among live-born infants it was associated with increased survival without MNM (aOR 1.3; 95% CI 1.1 to 1.4). ConclusionIncreased perinatal activity was associated with reduced mortality and increased chances of survival without MNM in infants born at 22 and 23 weeks of GA.
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| 3. |
- Norman, M., et al.
(författare)
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Association Between Year of Birth and 1-Year Survival Among Extremely Preterm Infants in Sweden During 2004-2007 and 2014-2016
- 2019
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Ingår i: Jama-Journal of the American Medical Association. - Chicago : American Medical Association (AMA). - 0098-7484 .- 1538-3598. ; 321:12, s. 1188-1199
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IMPORTANCE Since 2004-2007, national guidelines and recommendations have been developed for the management of extremely preterm births in Sweden. If and how more uniform management has affected infant survival is unknown. OBJECTIVE To compare survival of extremely preterm infants born during 2004-2007 with survival of infants born during 2014-2016. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS All births at 22-26weeks' gestational age (n = 2205) between April 1, 2004, and March 31, 2007, and between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2016, in Sweden were studied. Prospective data collection was used during 2004-2007. Data were obtained from the Swedish pregnancy, medical birth, and neonatal quality registries during 2014-2016. EXPOSURES Delivery at 22-26 weeks' gestational age. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcomewas infant survival to the age of 1 year. The secondary outcome was 1-year survival among live-born infants who did not have any major neonatal morbidity (specifically, without intraventricular hemorrhage grade 3-4, cystic periventricular leukomalacia, necrotizing enterocolitis, retinopathy of prematurity stage 3-5, or severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia). RESULTS During 2004-2007, 1009 births (3.3/1000 of all births) occurred at 22-26 weeks' gestational age compared with 1196 births (3.4/1000 of all births) during 2014-2016 (P =.61). One-year survival among live-born infants at 22-26 weeks' gestational age was significantly lower during 2004-2007 (497 of 705 infants [70%]) than during 2014-2016 (711 of 923 infants [77%]) (difference, -7%[95% CI, -11% to -2.2%], P =.003). One-year survival among live-born infants at 22-26 weeks' gestational age and without any major neonatal morbidity was significantly lower during 2004-2007 (226 of 705 infants [32%]) than during 2014-2016 (355 of 923 infants [38%]) (difference, -6%[95% CI, -11% to -1.7%], P =.008). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among live births at 22-26 weeks' gestational age in Sweden, 1-year survival improved between 2004-2007 and 2014-2016.
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| 4. |
- Norman, M., et al.
(författare)
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Association of Maternal SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Pregnancy With Neonatal Outcomes
- 2021
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Ingår i: Jama-Journal of the American Medical Association. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 0098-7484 .- 1538-3598. ; 325:20, s. 2076-2086
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IMPORTANCE The outcomes of newborn infants of women testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 in pregnancy is unclear. OBJECTIVE To evaluate neonatal outcomes in relation to maternal SARS-CoV-2 test positivity in pregnancy. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Nationwide, prospective cohort study based on linkage of the Swedish Pregnancy Register, the Neonatal Quality Register, and the Register for Communicable Diseases. Ninety-two percent of all live births in Sweden between March 11, 2020, and January 31, 2021, were investigated for neonatal outcomes by March 8, 2021. Infants with malformations were excluded. Infants of women who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 were matched, directly and using propensity scores, on maternal characteristics with up to 4 comparator infants. EXPOSURES Maternal test positivity for SARS-CoV-2 in pregnancy. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES In-hospital mortality; neonatal resuscitation; admission for neonatal care; respiratory, circulatory, neurologic, infectious, gastrointestinal, metabolic, and hematologic disorders and their treatments; length of hospital stay; breastfeeding; and infant test positivity for SARS-CoV-2. RESULTS Of 88 159 infants (49.0% girls), 2323 (1.6%) were delivered by mothers who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. The mean gestational age of infants of SARS-CoV-2-positive mothers was 39.2 (SD, 2.2) weeks vs 39.6 (SD, 1.8) weeks for comparator infants, and the proportions of preterm infants (gestational age <37 weeks) were 205/2323 (8.8%) among infants of SARS-CoV-2-positive mothers and 4719/85 836 (5.5%) among comparator infants. After matching on maternal characteristics, maternal SARS-CoV-2 test positivity was significantly associated with admission for neonatal care (11.7% vs 8.4%; odds ratio [OR], 1.47; 95% CI, 1.26-1.70) and with neonatal morbidities such as respiratory distress syndrome (1.2% vs 0.5%; OR, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.50-3.84), any neonatal respiratory disorder (2.8% vs 2.0%; OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.07-1.90), and hyperbilirubinemia (3.6% vs 2.5%; OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.13-1.90). Mortality (0.30% vs 0.12%; OR, 2.55; 95% CI, 0.99-6.57), breastfeeding rates at discharge (94.4% vs 95.1%; OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.67-1.05), and length of stay in neonatal care (median, 6 days in both groups; difference, 0 days; 95% CI, -2 to 7 days) did not differ significantly between the groups. Twenty-one infants (0.90%) of SARS-CoV-2-positive mothers tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in the neonatal period; 12 did not have neonatal morbidity, 9 had diagnoses with unclear relation to SARS-CoV-2, and none had congenital pneumonia. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In a nationwide cohort of infants in Sweden, maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy was significantly associated with small increases in some neonatal morbidities. Given the small numbers of events for many of the outcomes and the large number of statistical comparisons, the findings should be interpreted as exploratory.
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| 5. |
- Shemer, E. Wikström, et al.
(författare)
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Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and associated adverse pregnancy and fetal outcomes : a 12-year population-based cohort study
- 2013
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Ingår i: British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1470-0328 .- 1471-0528. ; 120:6, s. 717-723
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To determine the risk for adverse pregnancy and fetal outcomes in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP).Design: Population-based cohort study.Setting: Swedish Medical Birth Register (MBR) 19972009.Population: A total of 1213668 singleton deliveries.Methods: Linkage of Hospital Discharge Register for exposure (ICP; n=5477) with MBR for covariates.Main outcome measures: Gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, prematurity, and stillbirth.Results: Intrahepatic cholestasis (ICP) was diagnosed in 0.320.58% of all pregnancies, with an increasing trend until 2005 (P<0.0001). Compared with women who did not have ICP, women with ICP were more likely to have gestational diabetes (adjusted odds ratio, aOR, 2.81; 95% CI 2.323.41) and pre-eclampsia (aOR 2.62, 95% CI 2.322.78). Women with ICP were also more likely to have spontaneous (aOR 1.60, 95% CI 1.471.93) and iatrogenic (aOR 5.95, 95% CI 5.236.60) preterm delivery, with increased rates of induction of labour (aOR 11.76, 95% CI 11.0411.62). However, this actively managed cohort of ICP cases was not at increased risk of stillbirth (aOR 0.92, 95% CI 0.521.62). Infants in ICP deliveries were more likely to have a low (<7) 5-minute Apgar score (aOR 1.45, 95% CI 1.141.85) and be large for gestational age at birth (aOR 2.27, 95% CI 2.022.55).Conclusions: Over time, a greater proportion of Swedish pregnant women have received a diagnosis of ICP, probably because of an increased awareness of the disorder. Our data confirm an increased risk of preterm delivery, but not of stillbirth, in actively managed ICP. The high rates of gestational diabetes and pre-eclampsia are new findings, and need to be considered in the management of ICP pregnancies.
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| 6. |
- Baba, S, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in snuff and smoking habits in Swedish pregnant women and risk for small for gestational age births
- 2013
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Ingår i: British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. - : Wiley. - 1470-0328 .- 1471-0528. ; 120:4, s. 456-462
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE:To examine associations between antenatal exposure to Swedish oral moist snuff (which includes essentially only nicotine) and to smoking and risks of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) births and to compare risks among women who stopped or continued using snuff or smoking during pregnancy.DESIGN:Population-based cohort study.SETTING: Sweden.POPULATION:All live singleton births in Sweden 1999-2010.METHODS:Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using multiple logistic regression analysis.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:SGA birth, also stratified into preterm (≤36 weeks of gestation) and term (≥37 weeks of gestation) SGA births.RESULTS: Compared with non-tobacco users in early pregnancy, snuff users and above all smokers in early pregnancy had increased risks of SGA births: adjusted ORs (95% CI) were 1.26 (1.09-1.46) and 2.55 (2.43-2.67), respectively). Snuff use had, if anything, a stronger association with preterm SGA than term SGA, whereas the opposite was true for smoking. Compared with non-tobacco users, women who stopped using snuff before their first visit to antenatal care had no increased risks of preterm or term SGA, and women who stopped using snuff later during pregnancy had no increased risk of term SGA. Smoking cessation early in pregnancy was associated with a larger reduction in risk than smoking cessation later in pregnancy.CONCLUSIONS:As both smoking and snuff use influence risk of SGA, both nicotine but above all tobacco combustion products are involved in the mechanisms by which maternal smoking increases the risk of SGA.
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| 7. |
- Elden, Helen, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Study protocol of SWEPIS a Swedish multicentre register based randomised controlled trial to compare induction of labour at 41 completed gestational weeks versus expectant management and induction at 42 completed gestational weeks
- 2016
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Ingår i: Bmc Pregnancy and Childbirth. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2393. ; 16:49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Observational data shows that postterm pregnancy (>= 42 gestational weeks, GW) and late term pregnancy (>= 41 GW), as compared to term pregnancy, is associated with an increased risk for adverse outcome for the mother and infant. Standard care in many countries is induction of labour at 42 GW. There is insufficient scientific support that induction of labour at 41 GW, as compared with expectant management and induction at 42 GW will reduce perinatal mortality and morbidity without an increase in operative deliveries, negative delivery experiences or higher costs. Large randomised studies are needed since important outcomes; such as perinatal mortality and hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy are rare events. Methods/Design: A total of 10 038 healthy women >= 18 years old with a normal live singleton pregnancy in cephalic presentation at 41 GW estimated with a first or second trimester ultrasound, who is able to understand oral and written information will be randomised to labour induction at 41 GW (early induction) or expectant management and induction at 42 GW (late induction). Women will be recruited at university clinics and county hospitals in Sweden comprising more than 65 000 deliveries per year. Primary outcome will be a composite of stillbirth, neonatal mortality and severe neonatal morbidity. Secondary outcomes will be other adverse neonatal and maternal outcomes, mode of delivery, women's experience, cost effectiveness and infant morbidity up to 3 months of age. Data on background variables, obstetric and neonatal outcomes will be obtained from the Swedish Pregnancy Register and the Swedish Neonatal Quality Register. Data on women's experiences will be collected by questionnaires after randomisation and 3 months after delivery. Primary analysis will be intention to treat. The statistician will be blinded to group and intervention. Discussion: It is important to investigate if an intervention at 41 GW is superior to standard care in order to reduce death and lifelong disability for the children. The pregnant population, >41 GW, constitutes 15-20 % of all pregnancies and the results of the study will thus have a great impact. The use of registries for randomisation and collection of outcome data represents a unique and new study design.
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| 8. |
- Endler, M., et al.
(författare)
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Retained placenta is associated with pre-eclampsia, stillbirth, giving birth to a small-for-gestational-age infant, and spontaneous preterm birth : a national register-based study
- 2014
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Ingår i: British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. - : Wiley. - 1470-0328 .- 1471-0528. ; 121:12, s. 1462-1470
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveTo evaluate whether defective placentation disorders, i.e. pre-eclampsia, stillbirth, small for gestational age (SGA), and spontaneous preterm birth, are associated with risk of retained placenta. DesignPopulation-based cohort study. SettingSweden. PopulationPrimiparous women in Sweden with singleton vaginal deliveries between 1997 and 2009 at 32-41weeks of gestation (n=386607), without placental abruption or infants with congenital malformations. MethodsRisks were calculated as odds ratios (ORs) by unconditional logistic regression with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) after adjustments for maternal, delivery, and infant characteristics. Main outcome measureRetained placenta, defined by the presence of both a diagnostic code (of retained placenta) and a procedure code (for the manual removal of the placenta). ResultsThe overall rate of retained placenta was 2.17%. The risk of retained placenta was increased for women with pre-eclampsia (adjusted OR, aOR, 1.37, 95%CI 1.21-1.54), stillbirth (aOR1.71, 95%CI 1.28-2.29), SGA birth (aOR1.47, 95%CI 1.28-1.70), and spontaneous preterm birth (32-34weeks of gestation, aOR2.35, 95%CI 1.97-2.81; 35-36weeks of gestation, aOR1.55, 95%CI 1.37-1.75). The risk was further increased for women with preterm pre-eclampsia (aOR1.69, 95%CI 1.25-2.28) and preterm SGA birth (aOR2.19, 95%CI 1.42-3.38). There was no association between preterm stillbirth (aOR1.10, 95%CI 0.63-1.92) and retained placenta, but the exposed group comprised only 15 cases. ConclusionsDefective placentation disorders are associated with an increased risk of retained placenta. Whether these relationships indicate a common pathophysiology remains to be investigated.
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| 9. |
- Holowko, N., et al.
(författare)
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More than time : travel time to the delivery ward and maternal outcomes – onset of labour, postpartum haemorrhage and obstetric anal sphincter injury
- 2023
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Ingår i: Public Health. - : Elsevier. - 0033-3506 .- 1476-5616. ; 217, s. 105-114
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Closing delivery units increases travel time for some women. Whether increased travel time is associated with maternal outcomes is important for understanding the consequences of such closures. Previous studies are limited in measuring travel time and restricted to the outcome of caesarean section. Methods: Our population-based cohort includes data from the Swedish Pregnancy Register for women giving birth between 2014 and 2017 (N = 364,630). We estimated travel time from home to the delivery ward using coordinate pairs of actual addresses. The association between travel time and onset of labour was modelled using multinomial logistic regression, and logistic regression was used for the outcomes postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) and obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASIS). Findings: Over three-quarters of women had ≤30 min travel time (median 13.9 min). Women who travelled ≥60 min arrived to care sooner and laboured there longer. Women with further to travel had increased adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of having an elective caesarean section (31–59 min aOR 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07–1.16; ≥60 min aOR 1.25; 95% CI 1.16–1.36) than spontaneous onset of labour. Women (at full term with spontaneous onset) living ≥60 min away had reduced odds of having a PPH (aOR 0.84; 95% CI 0.76–0.94) or OASIS (aOR 0.79; 95% CI 0.66–0.94). Interpretation: Longer travel time increased the odds of elective caesarean section. Women with furthest to travel arrived sooner and spent more time in care; although they had a lower risk of PPH or OASIS, they also tended to be younger, have a higher body mass index and were Nordic born.
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| 10. |
- Ivert, A., et al.
(författare)
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Maternal and pregnancy predictive risk factors for having a compensated maternal injury claim : a Swedish nationwide cohort study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - 2045-2322. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To describe trends and identify maternal and pregnancy predictive risk factors for having a compensated claim for a maternal injury during delivery, as a proxy for having received suboptimal care. This nationwide retrospective cohort study included 1 754 869 births in Sweden between 2000 and 2016, including 4488 maternal injury claims filed with The National Swedish Patient Insurance Company (Löf), of which 1637 were compensated. Descriptive statistics on maternal and pregnancy characteristics, trends in filed/compensated claims over time, and distribution of compensated claims by clinical classification are presented. Characteristics associated with suboptimal care were identified using multivariable logistic regression, with mutual adjustment in the final model. Compensated claims were sorted into 14 clinical classifications (ICD-10 codes for main condition, injury, and causality). Overall, there was a two-fold increase in filed claims from 2000 to 2016, peaking in 2014. The rate of compensated claims only increased marginally, and 36.5% of filed claims were deemed avoidable. Perineal and pelvic floor injuries, as well as medical and diagnostic errors, were responsible for the majority of compensated claims. Women with a previous caesarean section, post term delivery, chronic or gestational disease, > 13 antenatal visits, or a multiple pregnancy had increased risk of having a compensated claim for a maternal injury during delivery. Understanding the risk factors for having a compensated maternal injury claim may guide health workers and maternity wards in improving the quality and organisation of care to reduce the risk of childbirth related injuries.
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