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Sökning: hsv:(MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP) hsv:(Klinisk medicin) hsv:(Urologi och njurmedicin) > Lantbruksvetenskap

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2.
  • Gerdtsson, Axel, et al. (författare)
  • Surgical Complications in Postchemotherapy Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection for Nonseminoma Germ Cell Tumour : A Population-based Study from the Swedish Norwegian Testicular Cancer Group
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: European Urology Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 2588-9311. ; 3:3, s. 382-389
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Reports on perioperative complications after postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (PC-RPLND) for nonseminoma germ cell tumour (NSGCT) are from experienced single centres, with a lack of population-based studies. OBJECTIVE: To assess the complications of bilateral and unilateral PC-RPLND. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A prospective, population-based, observational multicentre study included all patients with NSGCT who underwent PC-RPLND in Norway and Sweden during 2007-2014. Of a total of 318 patients, 87 underwent bilateral PC-RPLND and 231 underwent unilateral PC-RPLND. The median follow-up was 6 yr. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Bilateral and unilateral PC-RPLND were compared for the outcomes of intra- and postoperative complications (graded by Clavien-Dindo) and retrograde ejaculation (with or without nerve-sparing surgery). Complications were reported as absolute counts and percentages. The χ2 test was used for comparisons. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: The incidence of intraoperative complications was higher for bilateral PC-RPLND than for unilateral PC-RPLND (14% vs 4.3%, p = 0.003), with ureteral injury as the most frequent reported complication (2% of the patients). Postoperative complications were more common after bilateral than after unilateral PC-RPLND (45% vs 25%, p = 0.001) with Clavien ≥3b reported in 8.3% and 2.2%, respectively (p = 0.009). Lymphatic leakage was the most common complication occurring in 11% of the patients. Retrograde ejaculation occurred more frequently after bilateral than after unilateral surgery (59% vs 32%, p < 0.001). Limitations of the study include reporting of retrograde ejaculation, which was based on a chart review. CONCLUSIONS: Intra- and postoperative complications including retrograde ejaculation are more frequent after bilateral PC-RPLND than after unilateral PC-RPLND. PATIENT SUMMARY: Lymph node dissection in patients with testicular cancer puts them at risk of complications. In this study, we present the complications after lymph node dissection.
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3.
  • Gerdtsson, Axel, et al. (författare)
  • Unilateral or Bilateral Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection in Nonseminoma Patients with Postchemotherapy Residual Tumour? Results from RETROP, a Population-based Mapping Study by the Swedish Norwegian Testicular Cancer Group
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: European Urology Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 2588-9311. ; 5:2, s. 235-243
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: The distribution of retroperitoneal lymph node metastases for patients with nonseminoma and a residual tumour of 10-49 mm in a population-based setting is unknown. This information is needed to justify selection of patients for a unilateral template resection. OBJECTIVE: To describe the location of retroperitoneal metastases and recurrences in patients with nonseminoma germ cell tumour (NSGCT) with a residual tumour of 10-49 mm. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: RETROP is a population-based prospective observational mapping study of 213 patients in Sweden and Norway with a retroperitoneal residual tumour of 10-49 mm who underwent postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for metastatic NSGCT during 2007-2014 with median follow-up of 100 mo. Patients were classified according to the testis primary tumour and the distribution of unilateral or bilateral lymph node metastases (with reference to the aorta) present on pre- and/or postchemotherapy computed tomography (CT) scans. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The distribution and rate of teratoma or cancer in unilateral or bilateral retroperitoneal fields and the location and rate of retroperitoneal recurrence were measured. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: In total, 65% of the patients had unilateral retroperitoneal lymph node metastases (RLNMs) on CT scans. Patients with unilateral RLNMs had a low risk of contralateral teratoma or cancer (1.6% for right- and 2.6% for left-sided NSGCT) or retroperitoneal recurrence (0% for right- and 4% for left-sided NSGCT). A weakness of the study is that the pathology specimen could not be fully designated to one specific area for some of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: Men with postchemotherapy residual disease of 10-49 mm and unilateral metastases on pre- and postchemotherapy CT scans have a low risk of contralateral disease and should be considered for a unilateral template resection. PATIENT SUMMARY: The surgeon can use computed tomography (CT) scans in deciding on the extent of lymph node dissection in patients with testicular cancer.
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4.
  • Nordin, Elise, 1985, et al. (författare)
  • An inverse association between plasma benzoxazinoid metabolites and PSA after rye intake in men with prostate cancer revealed with a new method
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322 .- 2045-2322. ; 12:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Prostate cancer (PC) is a common cancer among men, and preventive strategies are warranted. Benzoxazinoids (BXs) in rye have shown potential against PC in vitro but human studies are lacking. The aim was to establish a quantitative method for analysis of BXs and investigate their plasma levels after a whole grain/bran rye vs refined wheat intervention, as well as exploring their association with PSA, in men with PC. A quantitative method for analysis of 22 BXs, including novel metabolites identified by mass spectrometry and NMR, was established, and applied to plasma samples from a randomized crossover study where patients with indolent PC (n = 17) consumed 485 g whole grain rye/rye bran or fiber supplemented refined wheat daily for 6 wk. Most BXs were significantly higher in plasma after rye (0.3–19.4 nmol/L in plasma) vs. refined wheat (0.05–2.9 nmol/L) intake. HBOA-glc, 2-HHPAA, HBOA-glcA, 2-HPAA-glcA were inversely correlated to PSA in plasma (p < 0.04). To conclude, BXs in plasma, including metabolites not previously analyzed, were quantified. BX metabolites were significantly higher after rye vs refined wheat consumption. Four BX-related metabolites were inversely associated with PSA, which merits further investigation.
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5.
  • Blockhuys, Stephanie, 1983, et al. (författare)
  • Evaluation of copper chaperone ATOX1 as prognostic biomarker in breast cancer
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Breast Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1880-4233 .- 1340-6868. ; 27:3, s. 505-509
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Copper is involved in different hallmarks of cancer, including metastasis, but responsible copper-binding proteins and pathways are not clear. The copper chaperone ATOX1 was recently shown to play a role in breast cancer cell migration, which is a key step in metastasis. Since most cancer-related deaths are due to metastasis, we hypothesized that ATOX1 mRNA expression may be associated with breast cancer disease progression and thus, a prognostic biomarker in breast cancer. We therefore studied the association of ATOX1 expression levels with clinicopathological parameters and survival for 1904 breast cancer patients using the METABRIC data set. Our results indicate ATOX1 expression levels as a potential prognostic biomarker for ER-positive subtypes and early stages of breast cancer. Pre-clinical studies and clinical trials are desired to identify the molecular roles of ATOX1 in these conditions.
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6.
  • Lindahl, Pernilla, et al. (författare)
  • Copy number variants in the kallikrein gene cluster.
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:7
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The kallikrein gene family (KLK1-KLK15) is the largest contiguous group of protease genes within the human genome and is associated with both risk and outcome of cancer and other diseases. We searched for copy number variants in all KLK genes using quantitative PCR analysis and analysis of inheritance patterns of single nucleotide polymorphisms. Two deletions were identified: one 2235-bp deletion in KLK9 present in 1.2% of alleles, and one 3394-bp deletion in KLK15 present in 4.0% of alleles. Each deletion eliminated one complete exon and created out-of-frame coding that eliminated the catalytic triad of the resulting truncated gene product, which therefore likely is a non-functional protein. Deletion breakpoints identified by DNA sequencing located the KLK9 deletion breakpoint to a long interspersed element (LINE) repeated sequence, while the deletion in KLK15 is located in a single copy sequence. To search for an association between each deletion and risk of prostate cancer (PC), we analyzed a cohort of 667 biopsied men (266 PC cases and 401 men with no evidence of PC at biopsy) using short deletion-specific PCR assays. There was no association between evidence of PC in this cohort and the presence of either gene deletion. Haplotyping revealed a single origin of each deletion, with most recent common ancestor estimates of 3000-8000 and 6000-14 000 years for the deletions in KLK9 and KLK15, respectively. The presence of the deletions on the same haplotypes in 1000 Genomes data of both European and African populations indicate an early origin of both deletions. The old age in combination with homozygous presence of loss-of-function variants suggests that some kallikrein-related peptidases have non-essential functions.
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7.
  • Perez-Cornago, Aurora, et al. (författare)
  • Tall height and obesity are associated with an increased risk of aggressive prostate cancer : results from the EPIC cohort study
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: BMC Medicine. - : BioMed Central. - 1741-7015. ; 15
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: The relationship between body size and prostate cancer risk, and in particular risk by tumour characteristics, is not clear because most studies have not differentiated between high-grade or advanced stage tumours, but rather have assessed risk with a combined category of aggressive disease. We investigated the association of height and adiposity with incidence of and death from prostate cancer in 141,896 men in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. Methods: Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). After an average of 13.9 years of follow-up, there were 7024 incident prostate cancers and 934 prostate cancer deaths. Results: Height was not associated with total prostate cancer risk. Subgroup analyses showed heterogeneity in the association with height by tumour grade (P-heterogeneity = 0.002), with a positive association with risk for high-grade but not low-intermediate-grade disease (HR for high-grade disease tallest versus shortest fifth of height, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.18-2.03). Greater height was also associated with a higher risk for prostate cancer death (HR = 1.43, 1.14-1.80). Body mass index (BMI) was significantly inversely associated with total prostate cancer, but there was evidence of heterogeneity by tumour grade (P-heterogeneity = 0.01; HR = 0.89, 0.79-0.99 for low-intermediate grade and HR = 1.32, 1.01-1.72 for high-grade prostate cancer) and stage (P-heterogeneity = 0.01; HR = 0.86, 0.75-0.99 for localised stage and HR = 1.11, 0.92-1.33 for advanced stage). BMI was positively associated with prostate cancer death (HR = 1.35, 1.09-1.68). The results for waist circumference were generally similar to those for BMI, but the associations were slightly stronger for high-grade (HR = 1.43, 1.07-1.92) and fatal prostate cancer (HR = 1.55, 1.23-1.96). Conclusions: The findings from this large prospective study show that men who are taller and who have greater adiposity have an elevated risk of high-grade prostate cancer and prostate cancer death.
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8.
  • Stattin, Pär, et al. (författare)
  • Association of Radical Local Treatment with Mortality in Men with Very High-risk Prostate Cancer: A Semiecologic, Nationwide, Population-based Study
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: European Urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0302-2838 .- 1873-7560. ; 72:1, s. 125-134
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Current guidelines recommend androgen deprivation therapy only for men with very high-risk prostate cancer (PCa), but there is little evidence to support this stance. Objective: To investigate the association between radical local treatment and mortality in men with very high-risk PCa. Design, setting, and participants: Semiecologic study of men aged < 80 yr within the Prostate Cancer data Base Sweden, diagnosed in 1998-2012 with very high-risk PCa (local clinical stage T4 and/or prostate-specific antigen [PSA] level 50-200 ng/ml, any N, and M0). Men with locally advanced PCa (local clinical stage T3 and PSA level < 50 ng/ml, any N, and M0) were used as positive controls. Intervention: Proportion of men who received prostatectomy or full-dose radiotherapy in 640 experimental units defined by county, diagnostic period, and age at diagnosis. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: PCa and all-cause mortality rate ratios (MRRs). Results and limitations: Both PCa and all-cause mortality were half as high in units in the highest tertile of exposure to radical local treatment compared with units in the lowest tertile (PCa MRR: 0.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.28-0.95; and all-cause MRR: 0.56; 95% CI, 0.33-0.92). The results observed for locally advanced PCa for highest versus lowest tertile of exposurewere in agreement with results fromrandomized trials (PCaMRR: 0.75; 95% CI, 0.60-0.94; and all-cause MRR: 0.85; 95% CI, 0.72-1.00). Although the semiecologic design minimized selection bias on an individual level, the effect of high therapeutic activity could not be separated from that of high diagnostic activity. Conclusions: The substantially lower mortality in units with the highest exposure to radical local treatment suggests that radical treatment decreases mortality even in men with very high-risk PCa for whom such treatment has been considered ineffective. Patient summary: Menwith very high-risk prostate cancer diagnosed and treated in units with the highest exposure to surgery or radiotherapy had a substantially lower mortality. (C) 2016 European Association of Urology. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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9.
  • Yang, Zhongwei, et al. (författare)
  • Application of bismuth sulfide based nanomaterials in cancer diagnosis and treatment
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Nano Today. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-044X .- 1748-0132. ; 49
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Cancer is still the leading disease threatening human life and health at present. With the development of nanotechnology, multifunctional nanomaterials integrated with different diagnostic and therapeutic functions have become the most active field in nano-research. Among them, Bi2S3-based nanomaterials have attracted great attention in the biomedical field due to their special photothermal effect and biocompatibility. In this review, we systematically summarize the synthetic strategies and their physical-chemical properties of Bi2S3-based nanomaterials. Then we outline the recent research progress in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, which are highlighted and discussed in detail. In addition, the safety and biodistribution of Bi2S3-based nanomaterials are emphasized and discussed. It is believed that the emerging Bi2S3-based nanomaterials may realize the practical applications via unremitting efforts of scientific researchers in the near future.
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10.
  • Pelander, Lena, et al. (författare)
  • Incidence of and mortality from kidney disease in over 600,000 insured Swedish dogs
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Veterinary Record. - : Wiley. - 0042-4900 .- 2042-7670. ; 176, s. 656-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Kidney disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in dogs. Knowledge about the epidemiology of kidney disease in the dog population is valuable and large-scale epidemiological studies are needed. The aim of the present study was to use insurance data to estimate kidney-related morbidity and mortality in the Swedish dog population. Insurance company data from insured dogs during the years 1995-2006 were studied retrospectively. Incidence and mortality were calculated for the whole group of dogs as well as divided by sex and breed. The total number of veterinary care insured dogs was 665,245. The total incidence of kidney disease in this group of dogs was 15.8 (15.3-16.2) cases/10,000 dog-years at risk. The number of dogs in the life insurance was 548,346 and in this group the total kidney-related mortality was 9.7 (9.3-10.2) deaths/10,000 dog-years at risk. The three breeds with the highest incidence of kidney disease were the Bernese mountain dog, miniature schnauzer and boxer. The three breeds with the highest mortality caused by kidney disease were the Bernese mountain dog, Shetland sheepdog and flat-coated retriever. In conclusion, the epidemiological information provided in this study concerning kidney disease in dogs can provide valuable information for future research.
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