| 1. |
- De Basso, Rachel, et al.
(författare)
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Increased carotid plaque burden in men with the fibrillin-1 2/3 genotype
- 2014
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology. - : Wiley. - 1440-1681 .- 0305-1870. ; 41:9, s. 637-642
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fibrillin-1 (FBN1) is an important constituent of the vascular wall and earlier studies have indicated an effect of the FBN1 2/3 genotype on blood pressure as well as aortic stiffness in men. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the FBN1 2/3 genotype was associated with the presence of carotid plaque and incident cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in middle-aged subjects. The FBN1 genotype was characterized in 5765 subjects (2424 men, 3341 women; age 45-69years) recruited from the Malmo Diet and Cancer Study Cardiovascular Cohort, Sweden. Plaque occurrence and intima-media thickness (IMT) of the carotid artery were assessed by ultrasound. The incidence of first cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction and stroke) and cause-specific mortality were monitored over a mean follow-up period of 13.2years. The most common FBN1 genotypes were 2/2, 2/3 and 2/4, which accounted for 92.2% (n=5317) of subjects. There were no differences between the three genotypes regarding age, blood pressure, glucose, lipids, smoking habits, common carotid artery diameter and intima-media thickness in men and women. The presence of plaque in the carotid artery was higher in men with the 2/3 genotype compared with the 2/2 and 2/4 genotypes (55% vs 46% and 50%, respectively; P=0.007). No similar differences were observed in women. No significant relationship was observed between FBN1 genotypes and the incidence of cardiovascular disease or all-cause mortality. The increased prevalence of plaque in the carotid artery of middle-aged men with the FBN1 2/3 genotype indicates pathological arterial wall remodelling with a more pronounced atherosclerotic burden.
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| 2. |
- Ernsth Bravell, Marie, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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How to assess frailty and the need for care? Report from the Study of Health and Drugs in the Elderly (SHADES) in community dwellings in Sweden
- 2011
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Ingår i: Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-6976 .- 0167-4943. ; 53:1, s. 40-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Knowledge about the need for care of elderly individuals in community dwellings and the factors affecting their needs and support is limited. The aim of this study was to characterize the frailty of a population of elderly individuals living in community dwellings in Sweden in relation to co-morbidity, use of drugs, and risk of severe conditions such as malnutrition, pressure ulcers, and falls. In 2008, 315 elderly individuals living in community dwellings were interviewed and examined as part of the SHADES-study. The elderly demonstrated co-morbidity (a mean of three diseases) and polypharmacy (an average of seven drugs). More than half the sample was at risk for malnutrition, one third was at risk for developing pressure ulcers, and nearly all (93%) had an increased risk of falling and a great majority had cognitive problems. Age, pulse pressure, body mass index, and specific items from the modified Norton scale (MNS), the Downton fall risk index (DFRI), and the mini nutritional assessment (MNA-SF) were related to different outcomes, defining the need for care and frailty. Based on the results of this study, we suggest a single set of items useful for understanding the need for care and to improve individual based care in community dwellings. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Fransén, Karin, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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CRP levels are significantly associated with CRP genotype and estrogen use in The Lifestyle, Biomarker and Atherosclerosis (LBA) study
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMC Cardiovascular Disorders. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2261 .- 1471-2261. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The C‑reactive protein (CRP) is an important biomarker for atherosclerosis and single nucleotide poly‑morphisms (SNPs) in the CRP locus have been associated with altered CRP levels and associated with risk for cardio‑vascular disease. However, the association between genetic variations in the CRP gene, estrogen use and CRP levels orearly signs of atherosclerosis in young healthy individuals is not fully characterized. We aimed to evaluate the influ‑ence of five genetic variants on both plasma CRP levels and carotid intima‑media thickness (cIMT) values, includingaspects on estrogen containing contraceptive use in females.Methods: Genotyping was performed with TaqMan real time PCR and compared with high sensitivity CRP serumlevels in 780 Swedish young, self‑reported healthy individuals. Haplotypes of the SNPs were estimated with the PHASEv 2.1. The cIMT was measured by 12 MHz ultrasound. The contraceptive use was self‑reported.Results: Strong associations between CRP and genotype were observed for rs3091244, rs1800947, rs1130864, andrs1205 in women (all p < 0.001). In men, only rs1800947 was associated with CRP (p = 0.029). The independent effectof genotypes on CRP remained significant also after adjustment for established risk factors. Female carriers of the H1/ATGTG haplotype had higher CRP than non‑carriers. This was specifically pronounced in the estrogen‑using group(p < 0.001), and they had also higher cIMT (p = 0.002) than non‑carriers but with a small cIMT difference between thehaplotype groups (0.02 mm). In parallel, a significant correlation between CRP and cIMT in the estrogen using groupwas observed (r = 0.194; p = 0.026).Conclusions: Estrogen use, genotypes and haplotypes in the CRP locus are significantly associated with CRP levels.Based on an observed interaction effect between sex/estrogen use and the H1/ATGTG haplotype on CRP, and amarginally thicker cIMT in the estrogen using group, our data suggest that both genotypes and estrogen usage couldbe involved in arterial wall structural differences. The causality between CRP levels and cIMT remains unclear, and theobserved difference in cIMT is not clinically relevant in the present state. Future larger and longitudinal studies mayshed further light on the role of more long‑term estrogen use and early atherosclerosis.
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| 4. |
- Arvidsson, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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The Relationship Between Intelligence Quotient and Aspects of Everyday Functioning and Participation for People Who Have Mild and Borderline Intellectual Disabilities
- 2018
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Ingår i: JARID. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1360-2322 .- 1468-3148. ; 31:1, s. e68-e78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThis study explored the relationship between intelligence quotient (IQ) and aspects of everyday functioning/participation in individuals (age 16–40) who have a mild/borderline intellectual disability (IQ 55–85).MethodCorrelations were examined between IQ and (i) self-rated (n = 72) ability, participation as performance (how often an activity is performed), important participation restriction (not/seldom performing an activity perceived as important) and general well-being and (ii) proxy-rated (n = 41) ability and participation as performance.ResultsNo significant correlations between IQ and any of the explored measures were found. However, the effect sizes of the correlations between IQ and ability were considered as small but not negligible.ConclusionsThe results support the notion that IQ is a poor predictor of general aspects of everyday functioning in persons with mild/borderline intellectual disability. The result indicates that self-ratings partly generate other information than proxy ratings which may be important for assessments of supportive requirements and diagnosis.
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| 5. |
- Lindholm, Heléne, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic risk-factors for anxiety in healthy individuals: polymorphisms in genes important for the HPA axis
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMC Medical Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2350. ; 21:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Two important aspects for the development of anxiety disorders are genetic predisposition and alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. In order to identify genetic risk-factors for anxiety, the aim of this exploratory study was to investigate possible relationships between genetic polymorphisms in genes important for the regulation and activity of the HPA axis and self-assessed anxiety in healthy individuals. Methods DNA from 72 healthy participants, 37 women and 35 men, were included in the analyses. Their DNA was extracted and analysed for the following Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP)s: rs41423247 in theNR3C1gene, rs1360780 in theFKBP5gene, rs53576 in theOXTRgene, 5-HTTLPR inSLC6A4gene and rs6295 in theHTR1Agene. Self-assessed anxiety was measured by the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) questionnaire. Results Self-assessed measure of both STAI-S and STAI-T were significantly higher in female than in male participants (p = 0.030 andp = 0.036, respectively). For SNP rs41423247 in theNR3C1gene, there was a significant difference in females in the score for STAI-S, where carriers of the G allele had higher scores compared to the females that were homozygous for the C allele (p < 0.01). For the SNP rs53576 in theOXTRgene, there was a significant difference in males, where carriers of the A allele had higher scores in STAI-T compared to the males that were homozygous for the G allele (p < 0.01). Conclusion This study shows that SNP rs41423247 in theNR3C1gene and SNP rs53576 in theOXTRgene are associated with self-assessed anxiety in healthy individuals in a gender-specific manner. This suggests that these SNP candidates are possible genetic risk-factors for anxiety.
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| 6. |
- Norgren, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
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Capillary blood tests may overestimate ketosis : triangulation between three different measures of beta-hydroxybutyrate
- 2020
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Ingår i: American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : American Physiological Society. - 0193-1849 .- 1522-1555. ; 318:2, s. e184-E188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), assessed by a point-of-care meter in venous whole blood (BHBv), was used as the main outcome in a study on nutritional ketosis in healthy older adults. Two other BHB measures were also used in the study for validation and exploratory purposes, and here we report findings on correlation and agreement between those three methods. Ketosis in the range of 0-1.5 mmol/L was induced in 15 healthy volunteers by intake of medium-chain fatty acids after a 12-h fast. BHBv was assessed at 12 time points for 4 h. The same point-of-care meter was also used to test capillary blood (BHBc) at three time points, and a laboratory test determined total ketones (TK) in plasma (BHBp + acetoacetate) at four time points. A total of 180 cases included simultaneous data on BHBv, BHBc, BHBp, and TK. TK correlated with BHBp (Pearson's r = 0.99), BHBv (r = 0.91), and BHBc (r = 0.91), all P < 0.0001. BHBv and BHBp had good agreement in absolute values. However, the slope between BHBc and BHBv, measured with the same device, was in the range of 0.64-0.78 in different regression models, indicating substantially higher BHB concentrations in capillary versus venous blood. We conclude that all three methods are valid to detect relative changes in ketosis, but our results highlight the importance of method considerations and the possible need to adjust cutoffs, e.g., in the management of ketoacidosis and in the evaluation and comparison of dietary interventions.
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| 7. |
- De Basso, Rachel, et al.
(författare)
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Increased cardiovascular risk without generalized arterial dilating diathesis in persons who do not have abdominal aortic aneurysm but who are first-degree relatives of abdominal aortic aneurysm patients
- 2015
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology. - : Wiley. - 1440-1681 .- 0305-1870. ; 42:6, s. 576-581
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a strong genetic predisposition towards abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), but it is unknown whether persons without AAA but with first-degree relatives who are AAA patients have a generalized dilating diathesis, defect arterial wall mechanics, or increased cardiovascular risk. The aim of the study was to investigate arterial diameters and wall mechanics at multiple arterial sites in these subjects and compare them with controls without a family history of AAA. This study included 118 first-degree relatives of patients with AAA and 66 controls (age: 40-80years). The abdominal aorta, common carotid artery, common femoral artery, and popliteal artery were investigated by echo-tracking ultrasound. The relatives had no arterial dilatation, but they did tend to have smaller diameters than controls. Relatives had a higher heart rate, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure than controls. The distensibility coefficient and the compliance coefficient were decreased in all arteries in male relatives, adjusted for age and smoking; these coefficients were normalized after adjustment for mean arterial pressure and heart rate. Female relatives had a lower compliance coefficient in the abdominal aorta, adjusted for age and smoking. After adjustment for mean arterial pressure and heart rate, the difference disappeared. No general arterial dilatation in relatives without AAA was found, supporting the hypothesis that the dilating diathesis is linked to the aneurysmal manifestation in the abdominal aorta. Although the threat of aneurysmal dilatation and rupture seems to be lacking in these subjects, heart rate, blood pressure, and arterial wall stiffness were all increased, which may indicate a higher risk of developing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
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| 8. |
- Ekström, Jörgen, 1944, et al.
(författare)
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Neural- and Hormonal-induced Protein Synthesis and Mitotic Activity in the Rat Parotid Gland and the Dependence on NO-generation
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Oral Biosciences. - : Elsevier. - 1349-0079 .- 1880-3865. ; 49:1, s. 31-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nitric oxide (NO) is a likely parasympathetic nonadrenergic, noncholinergic transmitter in parotid glands, since parasympathetic nerves contain NO-synthase. Parasympathetic stimulation (30 min, atropine + phentolamine + propranolol) increased the protein synthesis ([3H] leucine uptake) by 142% (10 Hz) and 200% (40 Hz). Surprisingly, neither the neuronal type NO-synthase inhibitor N-PLA, nor the unspecific inhibitor L-NAME reduced the response. Moreover, the parasympathetic nonadrenergic, noncholinergic (40 Hz, 30 min)-evoked increase (65%) in mitotic activity ([3H] thymidine uptake) was unaffected by the NO-synthase inhibitors. Sympathetic nerves lack NO-synthase, yet inhibition of NO-generation reduced the β-adrenoceptor mediated response to sympathetic stimulation. Whereas the protein synthesis increased by 192% to stimulation (50 Hz, 1s every tenth s for 30 min) under just α-adrenoceptor blockade, the response was more than halved in the presence of N-PLA to 86%) or L-NAME to 91%). Furthermore, the β-adrenoceptor mediated increase in mitotic activity 122%) to sympathetic stimulation 20 Hz, 4 min every fifth min for 30 min), under α-adrenoceptor blockade, was reduced to 49% N-PLA) and 47% (L-NAME). Pentagastrin (20 µg/kg, I. V. infused for one h) increased the protein synthesis by 17%. N-PLA prevented this increase but did not affect the basal protein, while cholecystokinin receptor blockers reduced both the basal protein synthesis (by 20%), and the pentagastrin-induced increase. Thus, implying that strong rather than weak stimuli of the cholecystokinin receptors activate neuronal type NO-synthase. Despite being of the neuronal type, the NO-synthase generating NO in response to stimulation of β-adrenoceptors or cholecystokinin receptors was probably of parenchymal origin.
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| 9. |
- Finkel, Deborah, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of Childhood and Adult Socioeconomic Position on Change in Functional Aging
- 2024
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Ingår i: Health Psychology. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0278-6133 .- 1930-7810. ; 43:5, s. 388-395
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To examine life-course models by investigating the roles of childhood and adult socioeconomic position (SEP) in longitudinal changes in a functional aging index. Method: Up to eight waves of testing, covering 25 years, were available from the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging: N = 654, intake age = 50-82. A two-slope latent growth curve model was applied to the data, and the impact of including childhood and adult SEP as covariates of the intercept (at age 70) and slopes (before and after age 70) was tested. Results: Both childhood and adult SEP contributed to the best-fitting model. Childhood SEP was significantly associated with intercept and Slope 1 (before age 70) of the latent growth curve model (p < .05). Association of adult SEP with Slope 2 (after age 70) trended toward significance (p < .10). There was a significant interaction effect of childhood and adult SEP on the intercept (p < .05). As a result, intercept at age 70 was highest and change after age 70 was fastest for those whose SEP decreased from childhood to adulthood. Conclusions: Both childhood and adult SEP impact change in functional abilities with age, supporting both critical period and social mobility models. The social environment is modifiable by policies at local, national, and international levels, and these policies need to recognize that early social disadvantage can have long-lasting health impacts.
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| 10. |
- Gabrielsson-Järhult, Felicia, et al.
(författare)
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On the threshold: older peoples concerns about needs after discharge from hospital
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : WILEY-BLACKWELL. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 30:1, s. 135-144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Discharge from hospital is often strenuous for older people and requires adjustments from living an independent life to being in need of care and support. This study aims to explore older peoples concerns about their needs after discharge. Twenty-seven observations recorded at hospital discharge planning meetings were analysed with content analysis. An overarching theme emerged: being in a life transition, which reflected the older persons vulnerable and ambiguous situation in the discharge process. The theme was developed from three categories: obtaining a secure life situation, need of continuous care and support, and influencing and regaining independence. The findings highlight that older patients want to influence their care after discharge. They strive to regain independence and express their concerns about how to obtain a secure life situation through care organised to fit their individual needs. Knowledge about older peoples concerns is important for healthcare providers and social workers involved in planning and individualised care and services.
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