1.
Hovey, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
Antisocial behavior and polymorphisms in the oxytocin receptor gene: findings in two independent samples.
2016
Ingår i: Molecular psychiatry. - Stockholm : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5578 .- 1359-4184. ; 16
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
The quantitative genetic contribution to antisocial behavior is well established, but few, if any, genetic variants are established as risk factors. Emerging evidence suggests that the neuropeptide oxytocin (OXT) may modulate interpersonal aggression. We here investigated whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the OXT receptor gene (OXTR) are associated with the expression of antisocial behavior. A discovery sample, including both sexes, was drawn from the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS; n=2372), and a sample from the Twin Study of Child and Adolescent Development (TCHAD; n=1232) was used for replication. Eight SNPs in OXTR, selected on previous associations with social and antisocial behavior, were genotyped in the participants of CATSS. Significant polymorphisms were subsequently genotyped in TCHAD for replication. Participants completed self-assessment questionnaires-Life History of Aggression (LHA; available only in CATSS), and Self-Reported Delinquency (SRD; available in both samples)-designed to capture antisocial behavior as continuous traits. In the discovery sample, the rs7632287 AA genotype was associated with higher frequency of antisocial behavior in boys, and this was then replicated in the second sample. In particular, overt aggression (directly targeting another individual) was strongly associated with this genotype in boys (P=6.2 × 10(-7) in the discovery sample). Meta-analysis of the results for antisocial behavior from both samples yielded P=2.5 × 10(-5). Furthermore, an association between rs4564970 and LHA (P=0.00013) survived correction in the discovery sample, but there was no association with the SRD in the replication sample. We conclude that the rs7632287 and rs4564970 polymorphisms in OXTR may independently influence antisocial behavior in adolescent boys. Further replication of our results will be crucial to understanding how aberrant social behavior arises, and would support the OXT receptor as one potential target in the treatment of aggressive antisocial behavior.Molecular Psychiatry advance online publication, 22 September 2015; doi:10.1038/mp.2015.144.
2.
Walladbegi, Java, et al.
(författare)
Innovative intraoral cooling device better tolerated and equally effective as ice cooling.
2017
Ingår i: Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0344-5704 .- 1432-0843. ; 80:5, s. 965-972
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
PURPOSE: Most of the patients who receive myeloablative therapy prior to stem cell transplantation develop oral mucositis (OM). This adverse reaction manifests as oral mucosal erythema and ulcerations and may require high doses of morphine for pain alleviation. OM may also interfere with food intake and result in weight loss, a need for parenteral nutrition, and impaired quality of life. To date, there have been very few studies of evidence-based interventions for the prevention of OM. Cryotherapy, using ice chips, has been shown to reduce in an efficient manner the severity and extent of OM, although clinical applications are still limited due to several shortcomings, such as adverse tooth sensations, problems with infectious organisms in the water, nausea, and uneven cooling of the oral mucosa. The present proof-of-concept study was conducted to compare the tolerability, temperature reduction, and cooling distribution profiles of an intra-oral cooling device and ice chips in healthy volunteers who did not receive myeloablative treatment, and therefore, did not experience the symptoms of OM.METHODS: Twenty healthy volunteers used the cooling device and ice chips for a maximum of 60 min each, using a cross-over design. The baseline and final temperatures were measured at eight intra-oral locations using an infra-red thermographic camera. The thermographic images were analysed using two digital software packages. A questionnaire was used to assess the tolerability levels of the two interventions.RESULTS: The intra-oral cooling device was significantly better tolerated than the ice-chips (p = 0.0118). The two interventions were equally effective regarding temperature reduction and cooling distribution.CONCLUSIONS: The intra-oral cooling device shows superior tolerability in healthy volunteers. Furthermore, this study shows that temperature reduction and cooling distribution are achieved equally well using either method.
3.
Barany, E, et al.
(författare)
Relationships between trace element concentrations in human blood and serum
2002
Ingår i: Toxicology Letters. - 1879-3169 .- 0378-4274. ; 134:1-3, s. 177-184
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Trace element interactions can affect the absorption, metabolism, or effects of elements. Also, different elements may derive from the same source. Associations in biological media between element concentrations may indicate such phenomena. A large number of correlations were found between 13 trace elements (Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Rb, Rh, Pd, Cd, W, Pt, Hg, Tl, and Pb) in human blood and/or serum, as investigated in 372 Swedish adolescents. Notably, serum Se correlated with blood Ph and blood Hg and Cu and Zn were correlated to each other in both blood and serum. The elements Pt, Pd and Rh, spread in the environment through use of catalytic converters in cars, were closely correlated in both blood and serum. Apart from the correlations with a probable biological or exposure-related explanation, several other correlations, of yet unknown importance and origin, were found.
4.
Gellerstedt, Martin, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
Interpretation of subjective symptoms in double-blind placebo-controlled food challenges - interobserver reliability
2004
Ingår i: Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0105-4538 .- 1398-9995. ; 59, s. 354-356
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
BACKGROUND: Subjective symptoms after food challenges are difficult to interpret and no standard is available. We discuss a strategy for how to interpret a diary. Furthermore, the interobserver reliability is evaluated. METHODS: Diaries for 32 patients with subjective symptoms were used. The diaries were re-evaluated with a predefined strategy by three independent observers. RESULTS: The proportion of positives was 21.9% among the old diagnoses, according to the new approach 34.4% (observers I and II) and 37.5% (observer III) were positive. The new approach had high interobserver reliability (97 and 100%). CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of positives depends on how subjective symptoms are interpreted. Interpretations of subjective symptoms in diaries could be made with high interobserver reliability.
5.
