1.
Mattsson, C. Mikael
(författare)
Konditionsträning för lagbollsidrottare
2012
Ingår i: Idrott & kunskap. - 1652-6961. ; :1, s. 46-49
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.) abstract
Vilka konditionstestvärden har elitspelare i fotboll, ishockey och basket? Och hur tränar man effektivast sinkondition om man är bollidrottare? Mikael Mattson, doktor i fysiologi vid GIH, reder ut begreppen.
2.
Mattsson, C. Mikael
(författare)
Requirements for Soldiers’ Endurance Capacity in Prolonged Continuous Work
2014
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat) abstract
Physiological factors that influence soldier’s ability to sustain performance level in prolonged continuous work are such as A) initial physical level; B) ability to carry; and C) ability to sustain performance level over prolonged periods of time.A) General fitness level is obviously crucial, such as strength and aerobic capacity, but so is also being completely healthy when the effort initiates. We have presented an immunological profile that might be useful to determine which soldiers that will underperform. Before a 6-day military training course expression of CD3 on CD8+ lymphocytes and percent CD8+CD3 lymphocytes was lower, whereas CD4/CD8 ratio was higher among soldiers who failed compared to those who completed the training (Ekblom et al. 2011).B) It is well know that energy expenditure increases with increased carried weight, but at heavier loads (>30 kg) we found a disproportionate increase. Our hypothesis is that this is due to inaccurate technique, caused by insufficient strength relative to the carried weight, which may lead to unusual tiredness. In our preliminary results all soldiers had a point, carried weight, above which the work economy decreased. Therefore, it would be relevant to determine each soldier’s maximum optimal weight to carry.C) Fatigue and performance in ultra-endurance exercise, such as military efforts, is determined by (in part) other factors compared to traditional endurance sports. One of the most important aspects is energy balance. The total energy expenditure for a 24-h Adventure Race can be as high as 18-20 000 kcal (Enqvist et al. 2010). One reason for fatigue is the substantial energy deficit. Partly because that the profile of amino acids in blood and muscle change (Borgenvik et al. 2012), muscle damage (Wichardt et al. 2011), hormonal changes (Berg et al 2008), and immunological responses (Wallberg et al. 2011, Marklund et al. 2013). This combined indicates that specific supplementations may be needed. We have recently examined the energy balance in military situations. Two situations were 100 h, 78 km by foot in summer alpine terrain (6200 kcal/24h), and 187 h of mixed military tasks (5600 kcal/24h). Even though the allotment of rations was sufficient to cover the energy expenditure the actual intake was substantially lower, energy deficit being approximately 50 % and 33 %, respectively. However, we see large individual differences. If possible, energy availability should be individualized so that heavier soldiers and those with heavier tasks have opportunities to get higher energy supply compared to soldiers with lighter tasks and lower weight.
3.
Mattsson, C. Mikael, et al.
(författare)
NSAID inom multisport
2011
Ingår i: Svensk IdrottsMedicin. - 1103-7652. ; 30:4, s. 18-21
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt) abstract
Användning av NSAID är mycket vanligt bland deltagare i längre multisporttävlingar. Ofta i tron att NSAID påskyndar återhämtningen, trots att kunskapen om dess påverkan vid idrott är begränsad. Det är till och med möjligt att NSAID har motsatt effekt och istället påverkar muskelåterhämtning och -uppbyggnad negativt.
4.
5.
Mattsson, C. Mikael, et al.
(författare)
Sports genetics moving forward - lessons learned from medical research
2016
Ingår i: Physiological Genomics. - : American Physiological Society. - 1094-8341 .- 1531-2267. ; 48:3, s. 175-182
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Sports genetics can take advantage of lessons learned from human disease genetics. By righting past mistakes and increasing scientific rigor, the breadth and depth of knowledge in the field can be magnified. We present an outline of challenges facing sports genetics in the light of experiences from medical research.Sports performance is complex, resulting from a combination of a wide variety of different traits and attributes. Improving sports genetics will foremost require analyses based on detailed phenotyping. In order to find widely valid, reproducible common variants associated with athletic phenotypes, study sample sizes must be dramatically increased. One paradox is that in order to confirm relevance, replications in specific populations must be undertaken. Family studies of athletes may facilitate the discovery of rare variants with large effects on athletic phenotypes. The complexity of the human genome, combined with the complexity of athletic phenotypes, will require additional metadata and biological validation to identify a comprehensive set of genes involved.Analysis of personal genetic and multiomic profiles contribute to our conceptualization of precision medicine; the same will be the case in precision sports science. In the refinement of sports genetics it is essential to evaluate similarities and differences between genders and among ethnicities. Sports genetics to date have been hampered by small sample sizes and biased methodology which can lead to erroneous associations and overestimation of effect sizes. Consequently, currently available genetic tests based on these inherently limited data cannot predict athletic performance with any accuracy.
6.
Mattsson, C. Mikael, et al.
(författare)
The ELITE project (Exercise at the Limit - Inherited Traits of Endurance) - the genetic profiles of the best endurance athletes in the world.
2017
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat) abstract
Cardiovascular health exists as a spectrum of wellness and disease states. Moreover, a significant portion of what defines these states is due to genetics. We hypothesize that there exist genes and pathways that dually contribute to both disease and extreme health states. Interrogating the ‘adaptive’ tail of the distribution for individuals with extreme phenotypes, such as high maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) in endurance athletes, will inform prevention, cause and treatment of pathogenic (‘maladaptive’) conditions. 1 To date, most genetic studies in the athlete population have examined a subset of genes (out of more than 21,000 in the genome), using small sample sizes and qualitative measures of performance. To the best of our knowledge, there has not been a comprehensive genetic study of endurance athletes with strict quantitative eligibility criteria.2-4The ELITE project (Exercise at the Limit – Inherited Traits of Endurance) intends to investigate the world’s best endurance athletes, i.e. individuals with extremely high VO2max. A primary goal is to determine what role genetic variation plays in athletic ability. One of the ancillary goals of the project is to understand the unique genetic differences contributing to extreme fitness in women versus men. We will sequence and analyze the genomes of elite level competitive athletes from various countries (including USA, Scandinavia, UK, Japan, and Brazil) who are highly successful in one of several endurance sports (such as running, cross country skiing, triathlon, cycling, rowing). We have recruited 750 elite athletes (142 women and 608 men) who have been consented and undergone enhanced whole exome sequencing and/or MEGA chip GWAS analysis. Inclusion criteria for the study restricts to the highest tail end (>99.98th percentile or 1/5000), i.e. VO2max >63 ml/kg for women and >75 ml/kg for men. Even with differential eligibility, skewed recruitment (1:4) is a challenge.Our preliminary results show tantalizing evidence for potentially beneficial genetic variants in several highly plausible genes. Additionally, pilot burden testing on a subset of the athletes also showed promising results. While already promising, rigorous analysis, increased sample size and orthogonal replication is required as our next step. Mattsson CM, Wheeler M, Waggott D, Caleshu C, Ashley EA. Sports genetics moving forward - lessons learned from medical research. Physiol Genomics. 2016; 48(3):175-182.Bouchard C, Sarzynski MA, Rice TK, Kraus WE, Church TS, Sung YJ, Rao DC, Rankinen T. Genomic predictors of the maximal O₂ uptake response to standardized exercise training programs. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2011; 110(5):1160-70.Eynon N, Morán M, Birk R, Lucia A. The champions' mitochondria: is it genetically determined? A review on mitochondrial DNA and elite athletic performance. Physiol Genomics. 2011;43(13):789-98.Pitsiladis YP, Tanaka M, Eynon N, Bouchard C, North KN, Williams AG, Collins M, Moran CN, Britton SL, Fuku N, Ashley EA, Klissouras V, Lucia A, Ahmetov II, de Geus E, Alsayrafi M; Athlome Project Consortium. Athlome Project Consortium: a concerted effort to discover genomic and other "omic" markers of athletic performance. Physiol Genomics. 2016;48(3):183-90.
7.
Björkman, Frida, et al.
(författare)
Antiinflammatoriska medel troliga storsäljare i OS
2012
Ingår i: Svensk Idrottsforskning. - 1103-4629. ; :2, s. 40-43
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt) abstract
Det är mycket vanligt att idrottare använder antiinflammatoriska läkemedel både för att behandla skador och döva smärta. Hur lämpligt är det att använda preparaten under hård träning och tävling, och vad kan medicineringen ha för konsekvenser?
8.
Mattsson, C. Mikael, et al.
(författare)
Effects of prolonged low intensity exercise with energy deficit (military training operation) on markers of muscle protein turnover.
2015
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat) abstract
IntroductionIt is well known that ultra-endurance exercise, such as Adventure racing and military operations, often induce substantial energy deficits. This suggests a catabolic state, but the exact effects on protein turnover have not yet been sufficiently investigated. The aim of this study was to examine several markers involved in muscle protein turnover before and after a multi-day physically demanding military training operation.MethodsSeven female (age 21 ± 5 years, weight 71.2 ± 6.6 kg) and seventeen male (age 20 ± 1 years, weight 76.6 ± 6.2 kg) performed a 185 hours military training operation. Energy intake was estimated from food supply and energy expenditure was calculated from continuous heart rate and accelerometer recordings. Muscle biopsies were taken from M Vastus Lateralis before and after the operation.ResultsA negative energy balance of 1,500-2,000 kcal/24 hours was estimated. Body weight declined 3.4 (95% CI 3.0-3.8) kg and muscle explosive strength, evaluated from squad and counter movement jumps, was reduced 5 and 6 %, respectively, after the operation with no difference between genders. Muscle glycogen content was reduced from 269 ± 58 to 181 ± 44 mmol/kg dry muscle (p<0.05) with no difference between genders. Muscle content of mTOR and p70 as well as MAFbx were unchanged while the protein content of MuRF-1 was significantly down regulated in both genders.DiscussionThe study indicated that prolonged low intensity exercise with substantial energy deficit reduces muscle function and muscle glycogen content. Proteins for muscle synthesis mTOR and p70 were unchanged while the down regulation of MuRF-1 indicates a protection against muscle break down during the energy deficit situation, preserving the muscle mass.
9.
Marklund, Peter, et al.
(författare)
Extensive inflammatory cell infiltration in human skeletal muscle in response to an ultra-endurance exercise bout in experienced athletes.
2013
Ingår i: Journal of applied physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 8750-7587 .- 1522-1601. ; 114:1, s. 66-72
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
The impact of a 24h ultra-endurance exercise bout on systemic and local muscle inflammatory reactions was investigated in nine experienced athletes. Blood and muscle biopsies were collected before (PRE), immediately after the exercise (POST) and after 28h of recovery (POST28). Circulating blood levels of leukocytes, CK, CRP and selected inflammatory cytokines were assessed together with the evaluation of the occurrence of inflammatory cells (CD3(+), CD8(+), CD68(+)) and the expression of major histocompatibility complex class-I (MHC class-I) in skeletal muscle. An extensive inflammatory cell infiltration occurred in all athletes and the number of CD3(+), CD8(+) and CD 68(+) cells were 2-3 fold higher at POST28 compared to PRE (P<0.05). The inflammatory cell infiltration was associated with a significant increase in the expression of MHC class-I in muscle fibers. There was a significant increase in blood leukocyte count, IL-6, IL-8, CRP and CK at POST. At POST28 total leukocytes, IL-6 and CK had declined, whereas IL-8 and CRP continued to increase. Increases in IL-1β and TNF-α were not significant. There were no significant associations between the magnitude of the systemic and local muscle inflammatory reactions. Signs of muscle degenerative and regenerative events were observed in all athletes with various degrees of severity and were not affected by the ultra-endurance exercise bout. In conclusion, a low-intensity but very prolonged single endurance exercise bout can generate a strong inflammatory cell infiltration in skeletal muscle of well-trained experienced ultra-endurance athletes, and the amplitude of the local reaction is not proportional to the systemic inflammatory response.
10.
Berg, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
Lack of sex differences in the IGF-IGFBP response to ultra endurance exercise.
2008
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. - : Wiley. - 0905-7188 .- 1600-0838. ; 18:6, s. 706-714
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-IGF binding proteins (BP) and the pituitary-gonadal axes were investigated during ultra endurance exercise in 16 endurance-trained athletes (seven women). Median duration of the race was 6.3 days. Although food and drink were ad libitum, energy balance was negative. Blood samples were drawn before (PRE), at the end of (END) and 24 h after (POST24h) the race. Serum concentrations of total IGF-I (t-IGF-I) and free IGF-I (f-IGF-I) decreased by 33 (SD 38)% and 54 (19)%, respectively. The decrease in t-IGF-I appeared to be associated to the total energy deficit during the race. At END, the IGFBP-3 fragmentation and IGFBP-1 were increased but these changes did not predict changes in f-IGF-I. An increase in POST24h IGFBP-2 levels in women was the only sex difference. Testosterone was decreased by 67 (12)% in the men and estradiol became undetectable in the women without any detectable increase in LH and/or FSH. In conclusion ultra endurance exercise results in similar IGF-IGFBP responses in men and women reflecting a catabolic state. IGFBP-2 was the only exception, with increased levels in women after exercise. A concomitant decrease in gonadal hormones was not related to endocrine changes in the IGF-IGFBP axis but may be related to local changes in IGF-I expression.
