| 1. |
- Boehly, Thibault, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive Control in Distracted Dinosaurs
- 2023
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cognitive control is a skill used to control one’s own behaviour to reach a goal. We compared this skill across archosaurs by using the distraction task on American alligators, emus, chickens, and common ravens. We investigated whether the animals would still find a food reward hidden behind one of two identical opaque barriers after picking up a food distraction. Results show that all species can find the hidden food reward despite being distracted, but the presence of a distraction impaired the performance of all species except the common raven. All species being from the clade Archosauria, it suggests that cognitive control is a conserved ability which underwent little changes since their last common ancestor, allowing to draw some inferences about extinct related taxa (e.g., non-avian dinosaurs). Moreover, raven’s unflinching performance could be explained by the sharp increase in telencephalic neuron numbers which occurred in the clade Telluraves.
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| 3. |
- Jacobs, Ivo, et al.
(författare)
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The Development of Sensorimotor Cognition in Common Ravens (Corvus corax) and its Comparative Evolution
- 2019
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Ingår i: Animal behavior and cognition. - 2372-5052. ; 6:3, s. 194-212
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Evolution involves developmental change. Species comparisons play an important role in comparative cognition because they can uncover common patterns and shared principles in cognitive evolution. Developmental studies reveal foundational elements of cognitive abilities and how they are constructed and integrated. Sensorimotor cognition is such a key element that forms the foundation for later-developing cognitive skills, yet little is known about its development in animals. This study uses 37 behaviors and tasks to investigate the development of Piagetian sensorimotor abilities in five young ravens (Corvus corax) from ages two to eleven weeks. Their developmental pattern largely mirrored that of twelve other bird and mammal species, albeit at a markedly accelerated rate. They reached the final sensorimotor stage, which to date has been shown only in great apes. The onset and sequence of sensorimotor development was identical for all species. Absolute number of neurons in the pallium and rest of brain was associated with achieving a higher stage across these species. This was not the case for absolute or relative brain mass, or number of neurons in the cerebellum or whole brain. We discuss the independent evolution of sensorimotor cognition and the importance of developmental pace and pattern therein. These findings show that the study of sensorimotor development is a useful tool for comparative cognition research.
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| 4. |
- Jensen, Thomas Rejsenhus, et al.
(författare)
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Post-conflict Affiliation
- 2021
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Ingår i: Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319478296
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Affiliative behaviors between previous opponents, or between either aggressor or victim and a third-party individual, after an agonistic interaction.
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| 5. |
- Zeiträg, Claudia, et al.
(författare)
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Gaze following : A socio-cognitive skill rooted in deep time
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social gaze has received much attention in social cognition research in both human and non-human animals. Gaze following appears to be a central skill for acquiring social information, such as the location of food and predators, but can also draw attention to important social interactions, which in turn promotes the evolution of more complex socio-cognitive processes such as theory of mind and social learning. In the past decades, a large number of studies has been conducted in this field introducing differing methodologies. Thereby, various factors influencing the results of gaze following experiments have been identified. This review provides an overview of the advances in the study of gaze following, but also highlights some limitations within the research area. The majority of gaze following studies on animals have focused on primates and canids, which limits evolutionary interpretations to only a few and closely related evolutionary lineages. This review incorporates new insights gained from previously understudied taxa, such as fishes, reptiles, and birds, but it will also provide a brief outline of mammal studies. We propose that the foundations of gaze following emerged early in evolutionary history. Basic, reflexive co-orienting responses might have already evolved in fishes, which would explain the ubiquity of gaze following seen in the amniotes. More complex skills, such as geometrical gaze following and the ability to form social predictions based on gaze, seem to have evolved separately at least two times and appear to be correlated with growing complexity in brain anatomy such as increased numbers of brain neurons. However, more studies on different taxa in key phylogenetic positions are needed to better understand the evolutionary history of this fundamental socio-cognitive skill.
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| 6. |
- Bobrowicz, Katarzyna, et al.
(författare)
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Cats Parallel Great Apes and Corvids in Motor Self-Regulation – Not Brain but Material Size Matters
- 2018
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The inhibition of unproductive motor movements is regarded as a fundamental cognitive mechanism. Recently it has been shown that species with large absolute brain size or high numbers of pallial neurons, like great apes and corvids, show the highest performance on a task purportedly measuring this mechanism: the cylinder task. In this task the subject must detour a perpendicularly oriented transparent cylinder to reach a reward through a side opening, instead of directly reaching for it and bumping into the front, which is regarded as an inhibitory failure. Here we test domestic cats, for the first time, and show that they can reach the same levels as great apes and corvids on this task, despite having much smaller brains. We tested subjects with apparatuses that varied in size (cylinder length and diameter) and material (glass or plastic), and found that subjects performed best on the large cylinders. As numbers of successes decreased significantly when the cylinders were smaller, we conducted additionally two experiments to discern which properties (length of the transparent surface, goal distance from the surface, size of the side opening) affects performance. We conclude that sensorimotor requirements, which differ between species, may have large impact on the results in such seemingly simple and apparently comparable tests. However, we also conclude that cats have comparably high levels of motor self-regulation, despite the differences between tests.
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