| 1. |
- Wahlberg, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
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PCR primers for 30 novel gene regions in the nuclear genomes of Lepidoptera
- 2016
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Ingår i: ZooKeys. - : Pensoft Publishers. - 1313-2989 .- 1313-2970. ; 2016:596, s. 129-141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report primer pairs for 30 new gene regions in the nuclear genomes of Lepidoptera that can be amplified using a standard PCR protocol. The new primers were tested across diverse Lepidoptera, including nonditrysians and a wide selection of ditrysians. These new gene regions give a total of 11,043 bp of DNA sequence data and they show similar variability to traditionally used nuclear gene regions in studies of Lepidoptera. We feel that a PCR-based approach still has its place in molecular systematic studies of Lepidoptera, particularly at the intrafamilial level, and our new set of primers now provides a route to generating phylogenomic datasets using traditional methods.
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| 2. |
- Edger, Patrick P., et al.
(författare)
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The butterfly plant arms-race escalated by gene and genome duplications
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 112:27, s. 8362-8366
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coevolutionary interactions are thought to have spurred the evolution of key innovations and driven the diversification of much of life on Earth. However, the genetic and evolutionary basis of the innovations that facilitate such interactions remains poorly understood. We examined the coevolutionary interactions between plants (Brassicales) and butterflies (Pieridae), and uncovered evidence for an escalating evolutionary arms-race. Although gradual changes in trait complexity appear to have been facilitated by allelic turnover, key innovations are associated with gene and genome duplications. Furthermore, we show that the origins of both chemical defenses and of molecular counter adaptations were associated with shifts in diversification rates during the arms-race. These findings provide an important connection between the origins of biodiversity, coevolution, and the role of gene and genome duplications as a substrate for novel traits.
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| 3. |
- Kodandaramaiah, Ullasa, et al.
(författare)
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Phylogenetic relationships, biogeography and diversification of Coenonymphina butterflies (Nymphalidae : Satyrinae): intercontinental dispersal of a southern Gondwanan group?
- 2018
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Ingår i: Systematic Entomology. - : Wiley. - 0307-6970 .- 1365-3113. ; 43:4, s. 798-809
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The origins, evolutionary history and diversification of the Australian butterfly fauna are poorly known and uncertain. Two competing hypotheses have been proposed to explain the occurrence of butterflies on this isolated continental landmass. The common view is that all Australian butterflies entered the continent relatively recently from the northern hemisphere via Southeast Asia and/or mainland New Guinea (i.e. northern dispersal origin hypothesis). The alternative view is that part or all of the Australian butterfly fauna ultimately evolved in remnant or Southern Gondwana when Australia was connected to South America through Antarctica (i.e. Southern Gondwanan origin hypothesis). However, robust phylogenies with strong support for monophyly are lacking for the majority of Australian endemic butterfly lineages, thereby precluding determination of their systematic relationships and hence their geographic origins. Here, we use molecular data to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships of the globally distributed butterfly subtribe Coenonymphina (Satyrinae: Satyrini). This group represents a major component of the butterfly fauna of the wider Australasian region, with 19 genera and 71 species endemic to the region. Dating estimates extrapolated from secondary calibration sources indicate that the subtribe arose c. 48 Ma (95% credibility interval, 52–42 Ma), and the crown group first diverged in the Eocene (c. 44 Ma, 95% credibility interval 51–37 Ma). Rapid speciation events subsequently followed around the Eocence–Oligocene boundary, resulting in a near-hard polytomy comprising short basal branches with nodes that are difficult to resolve. Based on strongly supported phylogenetic relationships and estimates of divergence times, we conclude that the group probably had its origin in the fragment of Southern Gondwana consisting of Australia, Antarctica and South America. However, we are unable to rule out the northern dispersal scenario, particularly as Coenonymphina are closely related to a set of predominantly Asian lineages. Dispersal and extinction events following the final break-up of Gondwana have played a pivotal role in shaping the extant distributions of the group.
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| 4. |
- Wiemers, M., et al.
(författare)
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A complete time-calibrated multi-gene phylogeny of the European butterflies
- 2020
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Ingår i: Zookeys. - : Pensoft Publishers. - 1313-2989 .- 1313-2970. ; :938, s. 97-124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the aim of supporting ecological analyses in butterflies, the third most species-rich superfamily of Lepidoptera, this paper presents the first time-calibrated phylogeny of all 496 extant butterfly species in Europe, including 18 very localised endemics for which no public DNA sequences had been available previously. It is based on a concatenated alignment of the mitochondrial gene COI and up to eleven nuclear gene fragments, using Bayesian inferences of phylogeny. To avoid analytical biases that could result from our region-focussed sampling, our European tree was grafted upon a global genus-level backbone butterfly phylogeny for analyses. In addition to a consensus tree, the posterior distribution of trees and the fully concatenated alignment are provided for future analyses. Altogether a complete phylogenetic framework of European butterflies for use by the ecological and evolutionary communities is presented.
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| 5. |
- Chen, Lu, et al.
(författare)
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Fourteen complete mitochondrial genomes of butterflies from the genus Lethe (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) with mitogenome-based phylogenetic analysis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Genomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0888-7543. ; 112:6, s. 4435-4441
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) can help us understand the phylogenetic relationships within the genus Lethe and the subfamily Satyrinae. In this study, we sequenced the complete mitogenomes of 14 Lethe species, which range in size from 15,225 to 15,271 bp, with both 37 genes (13 PCGs, 22 tRNAs, 2 rRNAs) and a noncoding A + T-rich region. The gene arrangement and orientation is similar to typical mitogenomes of Lepidoptera. The Ka/Ks ratio shows that cox1 has the slowest evolutionary rate. The secondary structure of trnN lacks the Pseudouracil loop (TψC loop) in most Lethe species. The inferred phylogenetic analyses show that Lethe is a well-supported monophyletic group, and reveal 2 major clades within the genus Lethe, which is consistent with previous morphological classifications.
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| 6. |
- Garzón-Orduña, Ivonne J., et al.
(författare)
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Wing pattern diversity in Eunica butterflies (Nymphalidae: Biblidinae) : phylogenetic analysis implies decoupled adaptive trends in dorsal sexual dimorphism and ventral eyespot evolution
- 2024
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Ingår i: Cladistics. - 0748-3007. ; 40:1, s. 1-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Butterfly eyespots are wing patterns reminiscent of vertebrate eyes, formed by concentric rings of contrastingly coloured scales. Eyespots are usually located close to the wing margin and often regarded as the single most conspicuous pattern element of butterfly wing colour displays. Recent efforts to understand the processes involved in the formation of eyespots have been driven mainly by evo-devo approaches focused on model species. However, patterns of change implied by phylogenetic relationships can also inform hypotheses about the underlying developmental mechanisms associated with the formation or disappearance of eyespots, and the limits of phenotypic diversity occurring in nature. Here we present a combined evidence phylogenetic hypothesis for the genus Eunica, a prominent member of diverse Neotropical butterfly communities, that features notable variation among species in eyespot patterns on the ventral hind wing surface. The data matrix consists of one mitochondrial gene region (COI), four nuclear gene regions (GAPDH, RPS5, EF1a and Wingless) and 68 morphological characters. A combined cladistic analysis with all the characters concatenated produced a single most parsimonious tree that, although fully resolved, includes many nodes with modest branch support. The phylogenetic hypothesis presented corroborates a previously proposed morphological trend leading to the loss of eyespots, together with an increase in the size of the conserved eyespots, relative to outgroup taxa. Furthermore, wing colour pattern dimorphism and the presence of androconia suggest that the most remarkable instances of sexual dimorphism are present in the species of Eunica with the most derived eyespot patterns, and are in most cases accompanied by autapomorphic combinations of scent scales and “hair pencils”. We discuss natural and sexual selection as potential adaptive explanations for dorsal and ventral wing patterns.
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| 7. |
- Lohse, Konrad, et al.
(författare)
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The genome sequence of the high brown fritillary, Fabriciana adippe (Dennis & Schiffermüller, 1775)
- 2022
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Ingår i: Wellcome Open Research. - : F1000 Research Ltd. - 2398-502X. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a genome assembly from an individual female Fabriciana adippe (the high brown fritillary; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Nymphalidae). The genome sequence is 485 megabases in span. Most of the assembly (99.98%) is scaffolded into 29 chromosomal pseudomolecules with the Z sex chromosome assembled. The complete mitochondrial genome was also assembled and is 15.1 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly in Ensembl identified 13,536 protein coding genes.
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| 8. |
- Rosa, Augusto H.B., et al.
(författare)
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SYSTEMATIC POSITION AND CONSERVATION ASPECTS OF MELINAEA MNASIAS THERA (LEPIDOPTERA: NYMPHALIDAE: DANAINAE)
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nature Conservation Research. - 2500-008X. ; 9:1, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The tribe Ithomiini (Nymphalidae: Danainae) includes nearly 400 species of butterflies distributed from Mex-ico to Northern Argentina, and adults of all species are aposematic and the main models in several Neotropical mimicry rings. The subtribe Melinaeina, a small group composed of five genera of large ithomiines, is the sister group of all remaining groups in the tribe Ithomiini. With 14 recognised species, the genus Melinaea is the most species rich, and also the most widespread within the Melinaeina. From all species of the genus, Melinaea mnasias is considered very rare and a little known one. This is also true for Melinaea mnasias thera, a subspecies from the Atlantic Forest with less than 20 specimens known in all world museums. Studies com-bining systematics, ecology, biogeography and natural history are priority in tropical areas, especially when focusing on threatened species. Thus, the aim of this study was to compile all available knowledge on the threatened M. mnasias thera, providing information to future management plans focusing on the conservation of this butterfly and its habitats. Data were compiled from scientific collections and personal observations, and the systematics of species of Melinaea was assessed by DNA sampling and analysis. The obtained phy-logeny recovered the subtribe Melinaeina organised in two clades, the first composed by Olyras + Paititia and the second by Eutresis + (Athyrtis + Melinaea). Melinaea mnasias thera was recovered as a sister to M. mnasias lucifer. A total of only 17 specimens of M. mnasias thera from four Brazilian localities were found in all revised collections. However, well-preserved forests are present only at one of these localities, in the southern Bahia state, from where a recent specimen has been collected, suggesting that the last populations of M. mnasias thera are restricted to this region. If this is true, the real conservation status of this species could be much more critical than the estimated.
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| 9. |
- Rönkä, Katja, et al.
(författare)
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Putting Parasemia in its phylogenetic place : A molecular analysis of the subtribe Arctiina (Lepidoptera)
- 2016
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Ingår i: Systematic Entomology. - : Wiley. - 0307-6970 .- 1365-3113. ; 41:4, s. 844-853
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite being popular among amateur and professional lepidopterologists and posing great opportunities for evolutionary research, the phylogenetic relationships of tiger moths (Erebidae: Arctiinae) are not well resolved. Here we provide the first phylogenetic hypothesis for the subtribe Arctiina with the basic aim of clarifying the phylogenetic position of the Wood Tiger Moth Parasemia plantaginis Hübner, a model species in evolutionary ecology. We sampled 89 species in 52 genera within Arctiina s.l., 11 species of Callimorphina and two outgroup species. We sequenced up to seven nuclear genes (CAD, GAPDH, IDH, MDH, Ef1α, RpS5, Wingless) and one mitochondrial gene (COI) including the barcode region (a total of 5915 bp). Both maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference resulted in a well-resolved phylogenetic hypothesis, consisting of four clades within Arctiina s.s. and a clade comprising spilosomine species in addition to Callimorphina and outgroups. Based on our results, we present a new classification, where we consider the Diacrisia clade, Chelis clade, Apantesis clade, Micrarctia Seitz and Arctia clade as valid genera within Arctiina s.s., whereas Rhyparia Hübner syn.n. and Rhyparioides Butler syn.n. are synonymized with Diacrisia Hübner; Neoarctia Neumoegen & Dyar syn.n., Tancrea Püngeler syn.n., Hyperborea Grum-Grshimailo syn.n., Palearctia Ferguson syn.n., Holoarctia Ferguson syn.n., Sibirarctia Dubatolov syn.n. and Centrarctia Dubatolov syn.n. are synonymized with Chelis Rambur; Grammia Rambur syn.n., Orodemnias Wallengren syn.n., Mimarctia Neumoegen & Dyar syn.n., Notarctia Smith syn.n. and Holarctia Smith syn.n. are synonymized with Apantesis Walker; and Epicallia Hübner syn.n., Eucharia Hübner syn.n., Hyphoraia Hübner syn.n., Parasemia Hübner syn.n., Pericallia Hübner syn.n., Nemeophila Stephens syn.n., Ammobiota Wallengren syn.n., Platarctia Packard syn.n., Chionophila Guenée syn.n., Eupsychoma Grote syn.n., Gonerda Moore syn.n., Platyprepia Dyar syn.n., Preparctia Hampson syn.n., Oroncus Seitz syn.n., Acerbia Sotavalta syn.n., Pararctia Sotavalta syn.n., Borearctia Dubatolov syn.n., Sinoarctia Dubatolov syn.n. and Atlantarctia Dubatolov syn.n. are synonymized with Arctia Schrank, leading to 33 new genus-level synonymies. Our focal species Arctia plantaginis comb.n. is placed as sister to Arctia festiva comb.n., another widespread aposematic species showing wing pattern variation. Our molecular hypothesis can be used as a basis when adding more species to the tree and tackling interesting evolutionary questions, such as the evolution of warning signalling and mimicry in tiger moths.
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| 10. |
- Vila, Roger, et al.
(författare)
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The genome sequence of the white admiral, Limenitis camilla (Linnaeus, 1764)
- 2022
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Ingår i: Wellcome Open Research. - : F1000 Research Ltd. - 2398-502X. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a genome assembly from an individual female Limenitis camilla (the white admiral; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Nymphalidae). The genome sequence is 435 megabases in span. Most of the assembly (99.97%) is scaffolded into 31 chromosomal pseudomolecules, corresponding to 29 autosomes plus the W and Z sex chromosomes. The complete mitochondrial genome was also assembled and is 15.2 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 12,489 protein coding genes.
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