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Sökning: hsv:(NATURVETENSKAP) hsv:(Biologiska vetenskaper) > Övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt

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1.
  • Jönsson, K. Ingemar, 1959-, et al. (författare)
  • Environmental adaptations : radiation tolerance
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Water bears. - : Springer. - 9783319957012 - 9783319957029 ; , s. 311-330
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Several studies in different species have documented that tardigrades are among the most radiation-tolerant animals on Earth, surviving doses of ionizing radiation on the order of kGy. Both low-LET and high-LET radiation have been used with no apparent differences in the tolerance of the animals. Tolerance to ionizing radiation in tardigrades also seems to be independent of whether the animal has entered a dry anhydrobiotic state or is hydrated with normal activity. However, when exposed to UV radiation, desiccated tardigrades show a higher tolerance than hydrated animals. Recent studies in several species have shown that tardigrade embryos have considerably lower tolerance to ionizing radiation compared to adults, and embryos in the early stage of development are clearly more sensitive to radiation than those in the late developmental stage. The molecular mechanisms behind radiation tolerance in tardigrades are still largely unclear, but available evidence suggests that mechanisms related to both the avoidance of DNA damage and the repair of damage are involved.
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2.
  • Söderquist, Pär (författare)
  • Large-scale releases of native species : the mallard as a predictive model system
  • 2015
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Human alteration of natural systems, and its consequences are of great concern and the impact on global ecosystems is one of the biggest threats that biodiversity stands before. Translocations of invasive species, as well as intraspecific contingents with non-native genotypes, whether they are deliberate or unintentional, are one such alteration and its consequences are continuously being assessed. The mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) is the most numerous and widespread duck in the world and a flagship in wetland conservation. It is also an important game species which is heavily restocked for hunting purposes, especially in Europe where over three million ducklings are released every year. Because of its hunted status, its abundance, and the number of released individuals, it can serve as a model species to study effects of releases, both for conservation and restocking for hunting, on wild populations. In this thesis the status of the mallard was assessed in the Nordic countries and the effects of releases on the wild populations were studied by mining historical ringing data, comparing morphology of present-day wild, farmed, and historical mallards, and analyzing phylogeography of wild and farmed mallards in Europe. The status of the mallard population in the Nordic countries are generally good, however, a joint effort of European countries is needed to monitor and manage the population. A significant difference between wild and farmed mallards concerning longevity, migration, bill morphology and genetic structure was also found, together with signs of cryptic introgression of farmed genotypes in the wild population with potential fitness reduction as a result. The effect is however limited by that only a fraction of released farmed mallards reach the breeding season due to low survival. A natural captive environment is crucial to keep individuals wild-like with high survival rates after release. However, with an introgression of potentially maladapted farmed genotypes leading to a reduction in fitness, a low survival of released mallards would favor the wild population. A legislative change regarding obligation to report numbers, provenance, and release sites of farmed mallard should be considered, together with practical solutions of ringing and genetic monitoring of released mallards.
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3.
  • Björklund, Erland, et al. (författare)
  • MORPHEUS success story Segesholmsån river and Degeberga WWTP, Skåne, Sweden
  • 2021
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • In the MORPHEUS project three Swedish Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) were investigated for their release of pharmaceuticals into the recipient. One of these was Degeberga WWTP which discharges its treated wastewater into the Segesholmsån river, ending in the Baltic Sea. Segesholmsån river has a length of 23 km and an average flow of roughly 0.6 m3/s (Figure 1).
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4.
  • Arzel, Céline, et al. (författare)
  • Are ducks able to adapt their migratory habits to environmental change?
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: The abstract book. ; , s. 25-
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • In order to predict waterfowl population changes due to variation in climate conditions, and habitat availability it is necessary to precisely understand the mechanisms driving their annual cycle. This is particularly challenging in migratory birds as they encounter a huge variety of habitats along their migratory routes, and different factors might affect their demographic parameters at different stages of their life-cycle. In this perspective spring migration stands out as a crucial period. During spring migration birds need both to complete their migration and to prepare for subsequent reproduction. An understanding of long-term factors influencing the timing of breeding in migratory birds is particularly important in order to predict how they might respond to future environmental changes. Anatidae are particularly interesting to study as they offer a wide variety of migratory strategies. We discuss some of the factors that are likely to affect individual choices and thus play a role in the evolution of migration. Based on long-term data sets, collected over 30 years, in the Archipelago Sea, SW Finland, we also offer a first insight into the changes in their spring arrival and breeding success of ducks in relation to environmental conditions.
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5.
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6.
  • Arzel, Céline, et al. (författare)
  • Does changing spring phenology affect short and long distance migratory waterfowl similarly?
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: The abstract book. ; , s. 43-
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Among waterfowl, most ducks may be considered income breeders due to their small body size and their limited capacity to store energy. Therefore limited access to resources on their breeding grounds is likely to affect their breeding schedule and potentially output. At northern latitudes, ice break up dictates the access to the breeding lakes. An early ice break up allows for early access to the breeding site and its feeding resources, and potentially leading to higher breeding output than after a late ice break up. Short distance migrants are thus more likely to adapt to ice break up conditions than long distance migrants which have to cope with weather conditions en route and local resource accessibility along the migratory path. Using 20 years of data on breeding phenology and success of 3 species of ducks differing in their migratory strategy - Teal Anas crecca, Mallard Anas platyrhynchos and Common Goldeneye Bucephala clangula - in a watershed in Finland, we test the idea that variation in spring phenology affects the reproductive performance of duck species differently depending on their migration pattern.
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7.
  • Arzel, Céline, et al. (författare)
  • Simändernas ekologi studeras närmare
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: Vår fågelvärld. - 0042-2649. ; 62:4, s. 25-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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8.
  • Bioblitz i Arkelstorp 16-17 augusti 2019
  • 2020
  • Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Arkelstorpsviken är den nordvästra delen av Oppmannasjön, som ären av Skånes största sjöar. Idén att genomföra en så kallad Bioblitzvid Arkelstorpsviken föddes under ett styrelsemöte i projektet "En viki Sjöriket Skåne" som är ett samarbete mellan Oppmanna Vånga Bygderåd och Högskolan Kristianstad. Projektets främsta syfte är att hitta en lösning på den kraftiga övergödningen i Arkelstorpsviken. Detta är ett ”Leader”-finansierat projekt, vilket innebär att stommen i projektetär lokal förankring. Det fanns röster i byn som kände att man gav området onödigt dåligt rykte genom att ständigt lyfta fram problemen med vattenstatusen i sjön. Under ett styrelsemöte 30 sep 2018 föddes iden att genom en Bioblitz lyfta fram de positiva värdena i och kring sjön. Den naturliga samarbetspartnern för detta projekt var forskningsmiljön MABH (Man & Biosphere Health) vid Högskolan Kristianstad,vars medlemmar tillsammans besitter en mycket bred biologisk kunskap.Med MABH i ryggen var alltså kompetensen säkrad för att genomföra en Bioblitz. Inbjudningar skickades ut till lokala naturorganisationerför att hitta ännu fler experter som kunde hjälpa till med särskilda artgrupper. Samtidigt jobbade man aktivt lokalt med att försöka engagera intresserad allmänhet. Inbjudningar och direktreklam skickades ut till samtliga hushåll med postadress Arkelstorp. I ett försök att synas genom mediebruset anordnades en tävling, som gick ut på att gissa antalet arter (taxa) som hittades under Bioblitzen. Två lokala företag ställde upp och första priset för den vuxna individ som gissade närmstvar en 3-rätters måltid på Bäckaskogs Slott. De yngre tävlande kunde vinna en kanotutflykt med familjen på Ivögården.
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9.
  • Champagnon, Jocelyn, et al. (författare)
  • Do stocking programs result in maladapted populations? : mallard bill morphology after 30 years of massive releases
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Abstracts. ; , s. 31-
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Every year since the 1970s, several million captive Mallard have been released in Europe for hunting purposes. This may lead to a spread of unnatural phenotypes into the wild. Two widespread and common migratory ducks were studied: Mallard    Anas platyrhynchos and Teal A. crecca. Mallard is the only duck species for which large-scale stocking programs occur in the region, and Teal hence serves as a control. In a « before-after » design, we compared duck bill lamellar density over the last thirty years. Lamellar density in Mallard, but not Teal, decreased. The observed 10 % decrease occurred in the first (proximate) centimetre of the bill, the most crucial in terms of food filtration. We hypothesize the observed change in bill morphology was due to the propagation of captive Mallard into the wild: captive Mallard mainly eat large items, relaxing the natural selection pressure maintaining high lamellar density for sieving small preys in wild ducks.
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10.
  • Champagnon, Jocelyn, et al. (författare)
  • Survival probability and morphological adaptation of captive-reared Mallard Anasplatyrhynchos after release into the wild
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Abstracts. ; , s. 16-
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Captive-reared animals released as part of reinforcement programmes are considered less likely to survive than their wild conspecifics. One of the possible causes for this is reduced digestion efficiency. We studied adaptation of the digestive system in Mallard, a species with high adaptability to its environment. Body condition and digestive organs were compared between three groups: captive-reared Mallards remaining in a game farm, captive-reared Mallards released into the wild as juveniles and wild Mallards. We also assessed difference in diet between released birds and wild birds, and conducted a one-year survival analysis of captive-reared birds released in a hunting-free area. Released Mallards had a smaller gizzard than wild birds, but there was no difference between captive-reared and wild Mallards in the size of others organs in the gastro-intestinal tract. Body condition of captive-reared Mallards was poorer than wild ones, and this was only partially improved after release. Survival probability of captive-reared Mallards was low, compared to documented survival of wild Mallards. In particular, high mortality occurred when additional food provisioning was stopped and during harsh winter periods. We argue that in spite of a viable digestive system, pre-release conditions experienced by captivereared ducks impeded restocking success. In the context of massive releases of this species for hunting purposes (several million birds per year in Europe), low survival due to a combination of high hunting pressure and poor condition could limit the number of farmed birds surviving to breed and thus limit introgression of "captive genes" into the wild population.
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