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Sökning: hsv:(NATURVETENSKAP) hsv:(Data och informationsvetenskap) hsv:(Systemvetenskap informationssystem och informatik) > Högskolan i Borås

  • Resultat 1-10 av 238
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1.
  • Johansson, Ulf, et al. (författare)
  • Genetic rule extraction optimizing brier score
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the 12th Annual Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, GECCO '10. - New York : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450300728 ; , s. 1007-1014
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Most highly accurate predictive modeling techniques produce opaque models. When comprehensible models are required, rule extraction is sometimes used to generate a transparent model, based on the opaque. Naturally, the extracted model should be as similar as possible to the opaque. This criterion, called fidelity, is therefore a key part of the optimization function in most rule extracting algorithms. To the best of our knowledge, all existing rule extraction algorithms targeting fidelity use 0/1 fidelity, i.e., maximize the number of identical classifications. In this paper, we suggest and evaluate a rule extraction algorithm utilizing a more informed fidelity criterion. More specifically, the novel algorithm, which is based on genetic programming, minimizes the difference in probability estimates between the extracted and the opaque models, by using the generalized Brier score as fitness function. Experimental results from 26 UCI data sets show that the suggested algorithm obtained considerably higher accuracy and significantly better AUC than both the exact same rule extraction algorithm maximizing 0/1 fidelity, and the standard tree inducer J48. Somewhat surprisingly, rule extraction using the more informed fidelity metric normally resulted in less complex models, making sure that the improved predictive performance was not achieved on the expense of comprehensibility. Copyright 2010 ACM.
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2.
  • Löfström, Tuve (författare)
  • Utilizing Diversity and Performance Measures for Ensemble Creation
  • 2009
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • An ensemble is a composite model, aggregating multiple base models into one predictive model. An ensemble prediction, consequently, is a function of all included base models. Both theory and a wealth of empirical studies have established that ensembles are generally more accurate than single predictive models. The main motivation for using ensembles is the fact that combining several models will eliminate uncorrelated base classifier errors. This reasoning, however, requires the base classifiers to commit their errors on different instances – clearly there is no point in combining identical models. Informally, the key term diversity means that the base classifiers commit their errors independently of each other. The problem addressed in this thesis is how to maximize ensemble performance by analyzing how diversity can be utilized when creating ensembles. A series of studies, addressing different facets of the question, is presented. The results show that ensemble accuracy and the diversity measure difficulty are the two individually best measures to use as optimization criterion when selecting ensemble members. However, the results further suggest that combinations of several measures are most often better as optimization criteria than single measures. A novel method to find a useful combination of measures is proposed in the end. Furthermore, the results show that it is very difficult to estimate predictive performance on unseen data based on results achieved with available data. Finally, it is also shown that implicit diversity achieved by varied ANN architecture or by using resampling of features is beneficial for ensemble performance.
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3.
  • Tavara, Shirin (författare)
  • Parallel Computing of Support Vector Machines : A Survey
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: ACM Computing Surveys. - United States : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 0360-0300 .- 1557-7341. ; 51:6, s. 123:1-123:38
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The immense amount of data created by digitalization requires parallel computing for machine-learning methods. While there are many parallel implementations for support vector machines (SVMs), there is no clear suggestion for every application scenario. Many factor—including optimization algorithm, problem size and dimension, kernel function, parallel programming stack, and hardware architecture—impact the efficiency of implementations. It is up to the user to balance trade-offs, particularly between computation time and classification accuracy. In this survey, we review the state-of-the-art implementations of SVMs, their pros and cons, and suggest possible avenues for future research.
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4.
  • Salomonson, Nicklas, et al. (författare)
  • Comparing Human-to-Human and Human-to-AEA Communication in Service Encounters
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Journal of Business Communication. - : SAGE. - 0021-9436 .- 1552-4582. ; 50:1, s. 87-116
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • An increasing number of companies are introducing artificial agents as self-service tools on their websites, often motivated by the need to provide cost-efficient interaction solutions. These agents are designed to help customers and clients to conduct their business on the website. Their role on commercial websites is often to act as online sales/shopping assistants with the hope of replacing some of the interactions between customers and sales staff, thus supplementing or replacing human-to-human communication. However, research on artificial agents and comparisons with human-to-human communication, in particular, is still scarce. The purpose of this article is to explore the similarities and differences in communication between an artificial agent and customers compared with face-to-face communication between human service providers and customers. The method employed is a qualitative comparison of face-to-face human service provision in a travel agency setting and logs of interactions between customers and an artificial agent on an airline company website. The analysis is based on the theory of “activity-based communication analysis” and makes use of a framework of specific communication features provided by this theory. The article demonstrates a number of deficiencies in communication between artificial embodied agents and humans, suggesting that artificial embodied agents still lack many of the desirable communicative aspects of human-to-human service encounters.
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5.
  • Andersson, Bo, Docent, 1965-, et al. (författare)
  • Developing M-Services : Lessons Learned From the Developers Perspective.
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Communications of the Association for Information Systems. - : Association for Information Systems. - 1529-3181 .- 1529-3181. ; 20:38, s. 605-620
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In recent years the Swedish Police Force (SPF) have encountered greater demands on availability and 24/7 services when dealing with errands that are regarded as low priority compared to regular police work, e.g. collecting tips from the public. One attempt to meet these increasing demands was the development of a mobile communications platform that allowed the public to communicate easily with the SPF using their own mobile phones by sending SMS and MMS. The focus of this paper is on the early phases of development of this m-service, in particular, on the specific technical issues such as interoperability and standards used by the actors on the scene affecting the development of mobile information systems. The learning experiences are as follows: First, mobile communication platforms have a large potential for contributing to the field of emergency management information systems since they can be based on open and nationally accepted standards. Second, global and national standards for sending multimedia messages are not always truly standardized. Operators and mobile phone manufacturers make minor alterations and interpretations of the standard and thereby some of the benefits found in standards disappear. Third, when developing mobile information systems we suggest and recommend that the analysis phase should be enhanced compared to traditional system development, and it should address the interoperability between mobile phones on one hand and operators on the other hand.
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6.
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7.
  • Cronholm, Stefan, et al. (författare)
  • Communication Analysis as Perspective and Method for Requirements Engineering
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: Requirements Engineering for Sociotechnical Systems. - : Idea Group Inc. - 1591405068 ; , s. 340-358
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this chapter we challenge the view of perceiving information systems as systems for storing, retrieving, and organizing large amounts of data. We claim that the main purpose of information systems is to support the communication that takes place between different actors in a work practice. We describe a communication perspective on information systems and its consequences for performing requirements engineering. In this perspective business documents play a prominent role. The perspective is operationalized into a method and an example from a case study is used in order to describe the method.
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8.
  • Maurin Söderholm, Hanna, et al. (författare)
  • Research challenges in prehospital care : the need for a simulation-based prehospital research laboratory
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Advances in Simulation. - : BioMed Central. - 2059-0628 .- 2059-0628. ; 4:3, s. 1-6
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • There is a need for improved research in the field of prehospital care. At the same time, there are many barriers in prehospital research due to the complex context, posing unique challenges for research, development, and evaluation. The present paper argues for the potential of simulation for prehospital research, e.g., through the development of an advanced simulation-based prehospital research laboratory. However, the prehospital context is different from other healthcare areas, which implies special requirements for the design of this type of laboratory, in terms of simulation width (including the entire prehospital work process) and depth (level of scenario detail). A set of features pertaining to simulation width, scenario depth, equipment, and personnel and competence are proposed. Close tailoring between these features and the prehospital research problems and context presents great potential to improve and further prehospital research.
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9.
  • Waddington, Simon, et al. (författare)
  • PERICLES – Digital Preservation through Management of Change in Evolving Ecosystems.
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: The Success of European Projects Using New Information and Communication Technologies. - Setubal, Portugal. - 9789897581762 ; , s. 51-74
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Management of change is essential to ensure the long-term reusabilityof digital assets. Change can be brought about in many ways, includingthrough technological, user community and policy factors. Motivated by casestudies in space science and time-based media, we consider the impact ofchange on complex digital objects comprising multiple interdependent entities,such as files, software and documentation. Our approach is based on modellingof digital ecosystems, in which abstract representations are used to assess risksto sustainability and support tasks such as appraisal. The paper is based onwork of the EU FP7 PERICLES project on digital preservation, and presentssome general concepts as well as a description of selected research areas underinvestigation by the project.
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10.
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