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Sökning: hsv:(NATURVETENSKAP) hsv:(Fysik) > Karolinska Institutet

  • Resultat 1-10 av 169
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1.
  • Xu, Hao, et al. (författare)
  • Mechanisms of fluorescence decays of colloidal CdSe-CdS/ZnS quantum dots unraveled by time-resolved fluorescence measurement
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 17:41, s. 27588-27595
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • By narrowing the detection bandpass and increasing the signal-to-noise ratio in measuring the time-resolved fluorescence decay spectrum of colloidal CdSe-CdS/ZnS quantum dots (QDs), we show that directly after the photoexcitation, the fluorescence decay spectrum is characterized by a single exponential decay, which represents the energy relaxation of the photogenerated exciton from its initial high-energy state to the ground exciton state. The fluorescence decay spectrum of long decay time is in the form of beta/t(2), where beta is the radiative recombination time of the ground-state exciton and t is the decay time. Our findings provide us with a direct and quantitative link between fluorescence decay measurement data and fundamental photophysics of QD exciton, thereby leading to a novel way of applying colloidal QDs to study microscopic, physical and chemical processes in many fields including biomedicine.
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2.
  • Liamsuwan, Thiansin, et al. (författare)
  • A Monte Carlo track structure simulation code for the full-slowing-down carbon projectiles of energies 1 keV u-1–10 MeV u-1 in water
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Physics in Medicine and Biology. - : IOP Publishing. - 0031-9155 .- 1361-6560. ; 58:3, s. 673-702
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The paper presents a new Monte Carlo track structure code (KURBUC_carbon) for simulations of full slowing down carbon projectiles C0–C6+ of energies 1 keV/u–10 MeV/u in water vapour. The code facilitates investigation of spatial resolution effect for scoring track parameters under the Bragg peak of carbon ion beam. Interactions of carbon projectiles and secondary electrons were followed event-by-event down to 1 keV/u cutoff for primary ions, and down to 10 eV for electrons. Electronic interactions and nuclear elastic scattering were taken into account, including charge exchange reactions and double electronic interactions for the carbon projectiles. The reliability of the code was tested for radial dose, range, and W-value. The calculated results were compared with the published experimental data, and other model calculations. The results obtained showed good agreement in most cases where comparisons could be made. Depth dose profiles for 1-10 MeV/u C6+ were used to form an SOBP of 0.35 mm width in water. At all depths of the SOBP, the energy distributions of the carbon projectiles varied appreciably with the change in the scoring volume. The corresponding variation was nearly negligible for the track average LET, except at the distal end of the SOBP. By varying the scoring slab thickness from 1 to 100 µm, the maximum track average LET decreased by ~30%. The Monte Carlo track structure simulation in the full slowing down mode is a powerful tool for investigation of biophysical properties of radiation tracks under the Bragg peak and SOBP of carbon ion beam. For estimation of radiation effectiveness under the Bragg peak the new Monte Carlo track structure code provides yet another accurate and effective dosimetry tool at a single cell level. This is because radiobiology within tissue elements can only be understood with dosimetry at cellular and subcellular level.
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3.
  • Abedi-Valugerdi, Manuchehr (författare)
  • Mercury and silver induce B cell activation and anti-nucleolar autoantibody production in outbred mouse stocks : are environmental factors more important than the susceptibility genes in connection with autoimmunity?
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Immunology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0009-9104 .- 1365-2249. ; 155:1, s. 117-124
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Environmental and predisposing genetic factors are known to play a crucial role in the development of systemic autoimmune diseases. With respect to the role of environmental factors, it is not known how and to what extent they contribute to the initiation and exacerbation of systemic autoimmunity. In the present study, I considered this issue and asked if environmental factors can induce autoimmunity in the absence of specific susceptible genes. The development of genetically controlled mercury- and silver-induced B cell activation and anti-nucleolar autoantibodies (ANolA) production in genetically heterozygous outbred Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) and Black Swiss mouse stocks were analysed. Four weeks of treatment with both mercury and silver induced a strong B cell activation characterized by increased numbers of splenic antibody-secreting cells of at least one or more immunoglobulin (Ig) isotype(s) in all treated stocks. The three stocks also exhibited a marked increase in the serum IgE levels in response to mercury, but not silver. More importantly, in response to mercury a large numbers of ICR (88%), NMRI (96%) and Black Swiss (100%) mice produced different levels of IgG1 and IgG2a ANolA (a characteristic which is linked strictly to the H-2 genes). Similarly, but at lower magnitudes, treatment with silver also induced the production of IgG1 and IgG2a ANolA in 60% of ICR, 75% of NMRI and 100% of Black Swiss mice. Thus, the findings of this study suggest that long-term exposure to certain environmental factors can activate the immune system to produce autoimmunity per se, without requiring specific susceptible genes.
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4.
  • Ahmadi, Khazar, et al. (författare)
  • Gray matter hypoperfusion is a late pathological event in the course of Alzheimer's disease
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism. - 1559-7016. ; 43:4, s. 565-580
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Several studies have shown decreased cerebral blood flow (CBF) in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the role of hypoperfusion in the disease pathogenesis remains unclear. Combining arterial spin labeling MRI, PET, and CSF biomarkers, we investigated the associations between gray matter (GM)-CBF and the key mechanisms in AD including amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau pathology, synaptic and axonal degeneration. Further, we applied a disease progression modeling to characterize the temporal sequence of different AD biomarkers. Lower perfusion was observed in temporo-occipito-parietal cortex in the Aβ-positive cognitively impaired compared to both Aβ-negative and Aβ-positive cognitively unimpaired individuals. In participants along the AD spectrum, GM-CBF was associated with tau, synaptic and axonal dysfunction, but not Aβ in similar cortical regions. Axonal degeneration was further associated with hypoperfusion in cognitively unimpaired individuals. Disease progression modeling revealed that GM-CBF disruption Followed the abnormality of biomarkers of Aβ, tau and brain atrophy. These findings indicate that tau tangles and neurodegeneration are more closely connected with GM-CBF changes than Aβ pathology. Although subjected to the sensitivity of the employed neuroimaging techniques and the modeling approach, these findings suggest that hypoperfusion might not be an early event associated with the build-up of Aβ in preclinical phase of AD.
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5.
  • Aperia, Anita Chatarina, et al. (författare)
  • Na+, K+-ATPase, a new class of plasma membrane receptors
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Physiology - Cell Physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 0363-6143 .- 1522-1563. ; 310:7, s. C491-C495
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Na(+), K(+)-ATPase (NKA) differs from most other ion transporters not only in its capacity to maintain a steep electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane but also as a receptor for a family of cardiotonic steroids, to which ouabain belongs. Studies from many groups, performed during the last fifteen years, have demonstrated that ouabain, a member of the cardiotonic steroid family, can activate a network of signaling molecules and that NKA will also serve as a signal transducer that can provide a feed back loop between NKA and the mitochondria. This brief review summarizes the current knowledge and controversies with regard to the understanding of NKA signaling.
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6.
  • Beech, Jason P., et al. (författare)
  • Separation of pathogenic bacteria by chain length
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Analytica Chimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-2670 .- 1873-4324. ; 1000, s. 223-231
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Using Deterministic Lateral Displacement devices optimized for sensitivity to particle length, we separate subpopulations of bacteria depending on known properties that affect their capability to cause disease (virulence). For the human bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae, bacterial chain length and the presence of a capsule are known virulence factors contributing to its ability to cause severe disease. Separation of cultured pneumococci into subpopulations based on morphological type (single cocci, diplococci and chains) will enable more detailed studies of the role they play in virulence. Moreover, we present separation of mixed populations of almost genetically identical encapsulated and non-encapsulated pneumococcal strains in our device.
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8.
  • Brismar, Hjalmar, et al. (författare)
  • Study of protein and RNA in dendritic spines using multi-isotope imaging mass spectrometry (MIMS).
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Surface and Interface Analysis. - : Wiley. - 0142-2421 .- 1096-9918. ; 46:Suppl 1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The classical view of neuronal protein synthesis is that proteins are made in the cell body and then transported to their functional sites in the dendrites and the dendritic spines. Indirect evidence, however, suggests that protein synthesis can directly occur in the distal dendrites, far from the cell body. We are developing protocols for dual labeling of RNA and proteins using (15)N-uridine and (18)O- or (13)C-leucine pulse chase in cultured neurons to identify and localize both protein synthesis and fate of newly synthesized proteins. Pilot experiments show discrete localization of both RNA and newly synthesized proteins in dendrites, close to dendritic spines. We have for the first time directly imaged and measured the production of proteins at the subcellular level in the neuronal dendrites, close to the functional sites, the dendritic spines. This will open a powerful way to study neural growth and synapse plasticity in health and disease.
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9.
  • Butina, Karen, et al. (författare)
  • An Organic Electrochemical Transistor to Monitor Salmonella Growth in Real-Time
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Advanced Materials Interfaces. - : Wiley. - 2196-7350. ; 8:18, s. 2100961-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are used in research and diagnostic applications due to their facile manufacture, scalability, and biocompatibility. In these devices, the source–drain current upon gate voltage application depends on ion concentration in the electrolyte. This study investigates whether an OECT can be employed to monitor bacterial growth since it is known that the concentration of charged species increases in bacterial cultures during growth. A poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate-based single-well OECT, compatible with long-term incubation of bacterial cultures, is fabricated. It is shown that the growth of Salmonella alters the transfer characteristics of the device and demonstrates how it can be applied to monitor growth in real-time by recording the source–drain current at gate voltage +0.5 V. The signal can also be measured in filtrates of bacterial cultures, devoid of bacterial cells. This suggests that the signal originates from charged metabolic products. Bacterial biofilm formation does not alter the device response. This proof-of-principle study presents OECT recordings as an alternative to optical methods, allowing bacterial growth to be monitored in transparent and opaque media alike. By measuring metabolic products rather than bacterial cell multiplication, insight into the stationary phase and other nondividing states may be obtained in the future.
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10.
  • Dyrby, Tim B., et al. (författare)
  • Validation strategies for the interpretation of microstructure imaging using diffusion MRI
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: NeuroImage. - : Elsevier BV. - 1053-8119 .- 1095-9572. ; 182, s. 62-79
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Extracting microanatomical information beyond the image resolution of MRI would provide valuable tools for diagnostics and neuroscientific research. A number of mathematical models already suggest microstructural interpretations of diffusion MRI (dMRI) data. Examples of such microstructural features could be cell bodies and neurites, e.g. the axon's diameter or their orientational distribution for global connectivity analysis using tractography, and have previously only been possible to access through conventional histology of post mortem tissue or invasive biopsies. The prospect of gaining the same knowledge non-invasively from the whole living human brain could push the frontiers for the diagnosis of neurological and psychiatric diseases. It could also provide a general understanding of the development and natural variability in the healthy brain across a population. However, due to a limited image resolution, most of the dMRI measures are indirect estimations and may depend on the whole chain from experimental parameter settings to model assumptions and implementation. Here, we review current literature in this field and highlight the integrative work across anatomical length scales that is needed to validate and trust a new dMRI method. We encourage interdisciplinary collaborations and data sharing in regards to applying and developing new validation techniques to improve the specificity of future dMRI methods.
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  • Resultat 1-10 av 169

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