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- Mårtensson-Pendrill, Ann-Marie, 1952
(författare)
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The Manhattan Project - a part of physics history
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physics Education. - 0031-9120. ; 41:6, s. 493-501
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current physics textbooks tend to exclude military applications, but it is explained here how a study of the Manhattan project—the devastatingly successful attempt to develop an atomic bomb—can show students how the lives and work of physicists are shaped by events in society. Much of the original source material is available in books and on the internet (and referenced here), which allows students to discover the views of the scientists for themselves.
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| 2. |
- Zhang, Yihua, 1993, et al.
(författare)
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Evolving professional development in nuclear reactor physics and safety through hybrid learning environments
- 2023
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Ingår i: Book of All Abstracts and Papers. ; , s. 202-204
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nuclear education providers have difficulties sustaining their programs that typically consist of small cohorts of students and tend to follow a traditional, lecture-based design. This paper presents the GRE@T-PIONEeR project as a response aiming to preserve competencies and skills in computational and experimental nuclear reactor physics and nuclear safety through the implementation of six advanced courses offered globally to PhD and Post-Doc students, nuclear professionals, and MSc students. The courses employ a flipped classroom approach within a hybrid learning environment, complemented by three hands-on training sessions on nuclear training reactors. The courses were evaluated using validated survey instruments associated with various learning-theoretical frameworks. The paper presents preliminary findings derived from one of the courses comprising asynchronous online and synchronous hybrid sessions. While course completion and performance were high both among onsite and online students, some notable distinctions between the two groups emerge. Future research will explore these differences further.
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| 3. |
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Kärnavfallets politiska utmaningar
- 2005
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I den antika myten stjäl Prometeus elden från gudarna och ger den till människorna. Människorna får värme och kan tillverka ting som ökar deras välfärd. Som straff tas Prometeus till fånga av Zeus och kedjas fast högt uppe bland Kaukasus bergstoppar, där rovfåglar under trettiotusen år äter av hans lever. Det kulturella dilemma som kärnavfallet ställer oss inför är gammalt. Det som ger välfärd och framsteg är samtidigt hotfullt och ställer människan inför svåra avgöranden. Vi har tillägnat oss en energikälla som är förknippad med stora faror och hot om lidanden. Avfallet är farligt i sig, det har nära koppling till kärnvapenproduktion, på så sätt att upparbetning av avfallet ger upphov till rent plutonium. Den lösning som föreligger är att placera avfallet djupt ner i berget där det kan ligga säkert och utan fara för människor till dess radioaktiva strålning avklingat. Den tidsperiod under vilken faran består är lång, det räcker här inte med de trettiotusen år av lidande som Prometeus hade framför sig, utan om etthundratusen år. Den här antologin handlar om kärnavfallsfrågan - en samhällsfråga som är kontroversiell och får konsekvenser för politik och värderingar. Antologin försöker identifiera och precisera centrala utmaningar för den kommande hanteringen av kärnavfallet samt peka ut angelägna uppgifter för vidare forskning.
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| 4. |
- Chattopadhyay, Tanmoy, et al.
(författare)
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Hard X-Ray Polarization Catalog for a Five-year Sample of Gamma-Ray Bursts Using AstroSat CZT Imager
- 2022
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : IOP Publishing Ltd. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 936:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Cadmium Zinc Telluride Imager (CZTI) on board AstroSat has been regularly detecting gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) since its launch in 2015. Its sensitivity to polarization measurements at energies above 100 keV allows CZTI to attempt spectropolarimetric studies of GRBs. Here, we present the first catalog of GRB polarization measurements made by CZTI during its first five years of operation. This includes the time-integrated polarization measurements of the prompt emission of 20 GRBs in the energy range 100-600 keV. The sample includes the bright GRBs that were detected within an angle range of 0 degrees-60 degrees and 120 degrees-180 degrees where the instrument has useful polarization sensitivity and is less prone to systematics. We implement a few new modifications in the analysis to enhance the polarimetric sensitivity of the instrument. The majority of the GRBs in the sample are found to possess less/null polarization across the total bursts' duration in contrast to a small fraction of five GRBs that exhibit high polarization. The low polarization across the bursts might be due either to the burst being intrinsically weakly polarized or to a varying polarization angle within the burst even when it is highly polarized. In comparison to POLAR measurements, CZTI has detected a larger number of cases with high polarization. This may be a consequence of the higher energy window of CZTI observations, which results in the sampling of a shorter duration of burst emissions than POLAR, thereby probing emissions with less temporal variation in polarization properties.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Hiley, Basil J., et al.
(författare)
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Can quantum mechanics solve the hard problem of consciousness?
- 2022
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Ingår i: Consciousness and Quantum Mechanics. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 9780197501665 - 0197501664 ; , s. 415-459
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The hard problem of consciousness is the problem of explaining how and why physical processes give rise to consciousness (Chalmers 1995). Regardless of many attempts to solve the problem, there is still no commonly agreed solution. It is thus very likely that some radically new ideas are required if we are to make any progress. In this paper we turn to quantum theory to find out whether it has anything to offer in our attempts to understand the place of mind and conscious experience in nature. In particular we will be focusing on the ontological interpretation of quantum theory proposed by Bohm and Hiley (1987, 1993), its further development by Hiley (Hiley and Callaghan 2012; Hiley, Dennis and de Gosson 2021), and its philosophical interpretation by Pylkkänen (2007, 2020). The ontological interpretation makes the radical proposal that quantum reality includes a new type of potential energy which contains active information. This proposal, if correct, constitutes a major change in our notion of matter. We are used to having in physics only mechanical concepts, such as position, momentum and force. Our intuition that it is not possible to understand how and why physical processes can give rise to consciousness is partly the result of our assuming that physical processes (including neurophysiological processes) are always mechanical. If, however, we are willing to change our view of physical reality by allowing non-mechanical, organic and holistic concepts such as active information to play a fundamental role, this, we argue, makes it possible to understand the relationship between physical and mental processes in a new way. It might even be a step toward solving the hard problem.
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| 7. |
- Kåberger, Tomas, 1961
(författare)
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Managing spent nuclear fuel: What is the purpose?
- 1999
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Ingår i: Proceedings VALDOR VALues in Decisions On Risk. ; 1999
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spent nuclear fuel may be considered a resource for further production of electricity or as a source for nuclear weapon production. It may also be seen as a toxic waste that may be misused for radiological terrorism or the production of nuclear explosives.Different assessments of the relative importance of differnt perspectives may lead to very different waste management strategies. Very differnt parspectives may also lead to agreement on early stages of waste management while disagreement will be revealed at later stages. In order to facilitate a transparent decision making process the purpose of waste management must be made clear. From the defined purpose, the relevance of facts, arguments and counterarguments can be assessed. Havin a clearly defined purpose will also show what needs there are to define the distribution of economic liabilities for possible costs among different actors. The economic, social and idealogical stake-holders involved in the decision making process are unlikely to reach consensus. However, making the clarifications suggested above will serve the purpose of revealing the rational interests behind what presently is interpreted as real - or imagined - hidden agendas of the actors in the process.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Akselsson, Roland, et al.
(författare)
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Elemental Abundance Variation with Particle Size in Aerosols from Welding Operations
- 1974
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Nuclear Methods in Environmental Research. ; , s. 395-401
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of airborne particulate matter on human health is today of considerable research interest. Essential parameters include elemental composition sampling with low pressure cascade impactors and analysis by particle induced x-ray emission spectroscopy (PIXE). It is shown that the aerosol generated by arc welding operations is several orders of magnitude denser than aerosols in ambient air. Most of the mass is found on particles between 0.1 and 1µm diameter, but the size distribution differs from one welding technique to another. The relative composition of the aerosol is found to differ significantly from that of both the welding piece and the electrode indicating the presence of fractionation of the type indicated in this work in designing electrodes and welding pieces to minimize the health hazards associated with the welding.
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