| 1. |
- Bukała, Michał, et al.
(författare)
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UHP metamorphism recorded by phengite eclogite from the Caledonides of northern Sweden : P-T path and tectonic implications
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Metamorphic Geology. - : Wiley. - 0263-4929 .- 1525-1314. ; 36:5, s. 547-566
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Seve Nappe Complex (SNC) of the Scandinavian Caledonides records a well-documented history of high pressure (HP) and ultra-high pressure (UHP) metamorphism. Eclogites of the SNC occur in two areas in Sweden, namely Jamtland and Norrbotten. The Jamtland eclogites and associated rocks are well-studied and provide evidence for late Ordovician UHP metamorphism, whereas the Norrbotten eclogites, formed during the late Cambrian (Furongian)/Early Ordovician, have not been studied in such detail, especially in terms of the P-T conditions of their formation. Within the studied eclogite, clinopyroxene contains a high-Na core and two rims: inner, medium-Na and outer, low-Na. Garnet consists of a high-Ca euhedral core, low-Ca inner rim and medium-Ca outer rim. A similar pattern occurs within phengite, where high-Si cores are enveloped by medium and low-Si rims. The compositions of the mineral cores, inner rims and outer rims reflect three stages in the metamorphic evolution of the eclogite. Applied Quartz-in-Garnet geobarometry, coupled with Zr-in-rutile geothermometry reveal that garnet nucleation (E0 stage) took place at 1.5-1.6GPa and 620-660 degrees C. The eclogite peak-pressure assemblage developed during the E1 stage, it consists of garnet+omphacite+phengite+rutile+coesite? and yields P-T conditions of 2.8-3.1GPa and 660-780 degrees C as constrained by conventional geothermobarometry and thermodynamic modelling in the NCKFMMnASHT system. Later, lower-pressure stages E2 and E3 record conditions of 2.2-2.8GPa, 680-780 degrees C and 2.1GPa, 735 degrees C, respectively. The prograde metamorphic evolution of the eclogite is inferred from inclusions of epidote, amphibole and clinopyroxene within garnet. The presence of amphibole-quartz-plagioclase symplectites, secondary epidote/zoisite and titanite replacing rutile record the later retrograde changes taking place at <1.5GPa (referred as E4 stage). The obtained P-T conditions indicate that the Norrbotten eclogites underwent a metamorphic evolution characterized by a clockwise P-T path with peak metamorphism reaching up to coesite stability field within a relatively cold subduction regime (7.8 degrees C/km). The obtained results provide the first evidence for UHP metamorphism in the SNC above the Arctic Circle and document cold subduction regime and multistage exhumation of the deeply subducted Baltican margin at early stage of the Caledonian Orogeny.
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| 2. |
- Jastrzebski, Miroslaw, et al.
(författare)
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Geochronology, petrogenesis and geodynamic significance of the Visean igneous rocks in the Central Sudetes, northeastern Bohemian Massif
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Lithos. - : Elsevier BV. - 0024-4937 .- 1872-6143. ; 316-317, s. 385-405
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- New sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) UPb zircon geochronologic data, whole-rock geochemical and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic data, and zircon and quartz Ύ18O isotopic data from the Staré Město granitoids (SMG), Jawornik granitoids (JG), and Kłodzko-Złoty Stok granitoids (KZSG) and associated mafic and ultramafic rocks are examined. This study provides new insights into the processes of magma generation, transport and emplacement during the Variscan development of the contact zone of the Saxothuringia, Teplá-Barrandia and Brunovistulia in the Central European portion of the Variscan belt. The results of this study, combined with existing geochemical and isotopic data, imply that the parental magmas of these intrusions share a close affinity and suggest that these intrusions formed in a subduction-related tectonic setting. The SMG, JG and KZSG magmas represent hybrids that formed from the contamination of partial melts from the lower crust and/or subducted sediments with various proportions of enriched mantle-derived melts. These mainly sheeted plutons intruded along the main geological boundaries during the Visean and recorded the vertical and lateral displacements between the major tectono-stratigraphic units (microplates) in the NE Bohemian Massif. In the Central Sudetes, these granitoid magmas were first emplaced along the northern continuation of the Moldanubian Zone. The SHRIMP UPb dating of zircons indicates that the SMG intruded the reactivated suture zone between the Brunovistulia and Saxothuringia at 344–341 Ma. Sills of the JG were emplaced between c. 347 and c. 334 Ma. The composite Kłodzko-Złoty Stok Pluton, which includes the KZSG and accompanying mafic enclaves and pyroxenite and lamprophyre dykes, was mainly emplaced at 340–333 Ma. The magmas of the KZSG possibly facilitated the final amalgamation of the Sudetic counterparts of the Teplá-Barrandia and Saxothuringia microplates during the orogenic uplift of the latter. Petrologic and oxygen isotopic data further indicate partial post-magmatic hydrothermal and/or alteration processes. Our new data further stress the connection of magma transfer and active shear zones, which could manifest as crustal-scale magma-ascent conduits.
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| 3. |
- Borghini, Alessia, et al.
(författare)
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Halogen-bearing metasomatizing melt preserved in high-pressure (HP) eclogites of Pfaffenberg, Bohemian Massif
- 2024
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Ingår i: European journal of mineralogy. - : Copernicus Publications. - 0935-1221 .- 1617-4011. ; 36:2, s. 279-300
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Primary granitic melt inclusions are trapped in garnets of eclogites in the garnet peridotite body of Pfaffenberg, Granulitgebirge (Bohemian Massif, Germany). These polycrystalline inclusions, based on their nature and composition, can be called nanogranitoids and contain mainly phlogopite/biotite, kumdykolite, quartz/rare cristobalite, a phase with the main Raman peak at 412 cm - 1 , a phase with the main Raman peak at 430 cm - 1 , osumilite and plagioclase. The melt is hydrous, peraluminous and granitic and significantly enriched in large ion lithophile elements (LILE), Th, U, Li, B and Pb. The melt major element composition resembles that of melts produced by the partial melting of metasediments, as also supported by its trace element signature characterized by elements (LILE, Pb, Li and B) typical of the continental crust. These microstructural and geochemical features suggest that the investigated melt originated in the subducted continental crust and interacted with the mantle to produce the Pfaffenberg eclogite. Moreover, in situ analyses and calculations based on partition coefficients between apatite and melt show that the melt was also enriched in Cl and F, pointing toward the presence of a brine during melting.The melt preserved in inclusions can thus be regarded as an example of a metasomatizing agent present at depth and responsible for the interaction between the crust and the mantle. Chemical similarities between this melt and other metasomatizing melts measured in other eclogites from the Granulitgebirge and Erzgebirge, in addition to the overall similar enrichment in trace elements observed in other metasomatized mantle rocks from central Europe, suggest an extended crustal contamination of the mantle beneath the Bohemian Massif during the Variscan orogeny.
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| 4. |
- Klonowska, Iwona, et al.
(författare)
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Pressure–temperature evolution of a kyanite–garnet pelitic gneiss from Åreskutan: evidence of ultra-high-pressure metamorphism of the Seve Nappe Complex, west-central Jämtland, Swedish Caledonides
- 2014
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Ingår i: Geological Society Special Publication. - 0305-8719 .- 2041-4927. ; 390, s. 321-336
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- New evidence is presented for ultra-high-pressure metamorphism of kyanite–garnet pelitic gneiss in the Åreskutan Nappe of the Seve Nappe Complex, in the central part of the Scandinavian Caledonides. Modelled phase equilibria for a peak pressure assemblage garnet + phengite + kyanite + quartz (coesite) in the NCKFMMnASH system record pressure and temperature conditions of c. 26–32 kbar at 700–720 °C, possibly up to ultra-high-pressure conditions. Subsequent decompression, simultaneous with an increase of temperature to c. 800–820 °C, led to partial melting largely owing to the dehydration and breakdown of phengite. Based on existing isotope age data, we conclude that the Middle Seve Nappe in central Jämtland experienced deep subduction in the late(st) Ordovician, prior to decompression and partial melting of the pelitic protoliths during Early Silurian extrusion, giving way in the Mid to Late Silurian to thrusting on to the Baltoscandian platform. Nappe emplacement probably continued into and through the Early Devonian.
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| 5. |
- Klonowska, Iwona, et al.
(författare)
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Eclogite and garnet pyroxenite from Stor Jougdan, Seve Nappe Complex, Sweden : implications for UHP metamorphism of allochthons in the Scandinavian Caledonides
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Methamorphic Geology. - : Wiley. - 0263-4929. ; 34:2, s. 103-119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism (UHPM) has recently been discovered in far-travelled allochthons of the Scandinavian Caledonides, including finding of diamond in the Seve Nappe Complex. This UHPM of Late Ordovician age is older and less recognized than that in the Western Gneiss Region of southwestern Norway, which was related to terminal collision between Baltica and Laurentia. Here we report new evidence of UHPM in the Lower Seve Nappe, recorded by eclogite and garnet pyroxenite from the area of Stor Jougdan in northern Jämtland, central Sweden. Peak-metamorphic assemblage of eclogite, garnet + omphacite + phengite + rutile + coesite? yields P–Tconditions of 2.8–4.0 GPa and 750–900 °C, constrained by conventional geothermobarometry and thermodynamic modelling in the NCKFMTASH system. The prograde metamorphic evolution of the eclogite is inferred from inclusions of zoisite and amphibole in garnet, which are stable at lower pressure, whereas the retrograde evolution is recorded by formation of diopsidic clinopyroxene + plagioclase symplectites after omphacite, growth of amphibole replacing these symplectites, and of titanite around rutile. In garnet pyroxenite the peak-metamorphic assemblage consists of garnet + orthopyroxene + clinopyroxene + olivine. P–T conditions of 2.3–3.8 GPa and 810–960 °C have been derived based on the conventional geothermobarometry and thermodynamic modelling in the CFMASH and CFMAS systems. Retrograde evolution has been recognized from replacement of pyroxene and garnet by amphibole. The results show that eclogite was metamorphosed during deep subduction of continental crust, most probably derived from the continental margin of Baltica, whereas the origin and tectonic setting of the garnet pyroxenite is ambiguous. The studied pyroxenite/peridotite of Baltican subcontinental affinity could have been metamorphosed as a part of the subducting plate and exhumed due to the downward extraction of a forearc lithospheric block.
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| 6. |
- Boskabadi, Arman, et al.
(författare)
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Carbonate alteration of ophiolitic rocks in the Arabian-Nubian Shield of Egypt : sources and compositions of the carbonating fluid and implications for the formation of Au deposits
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Geology Review. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC. - 0020-6814 .- 1938-2839. ; 59:4, s. 391-419
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ultramafic portions of ophiolitic fragments in the Arabian-Nubian Shield (ANS) show pervasive carbonate alteration forming various degrees of carbonated serpentinites and listvenitic rocks. Notwithstanding the extent of the alteration, little is known about the processes that caused it, the source of the CO2 or the conditions of alteration. This study investigates the mineralogy, stable (O, C) and radiogenic (Sr) isotope composition, and geochemistry of suites of variably carbonate altered ultramafics from the Meatiq area of the Central Eastern Desert (CED) of Egypt. The samples investigated include least-altered lizardite (Lz) serpentinites, antigorite (Atg) serpentinites and listvenitic rocks with associated carbonate and quartz veins. The C, O and Sr isotopes of the vein samples cluster between -8.1 parts per thousand and -6.8 parts per thousand for delta C-13, +6.4 parts per thousand and +10.5 parts per thousand for delta O-18, and Sr-87/Sr-86 of 0.7028-0.70344, and plot within the depleted mantle compositional field. The serpentinites isotopic compositions plot on a mixing trend between the depleted-mantle and sedimentary carbonate fields. The carbonate veins contain abundant carbonic (CO2 +/- CH4 +/- N-2) and aqueous-carbonic (H2O-NaCl-CO2 +/- CH4 +/- N-2) low salinity fluid, with trapping conditions of 270-300 degrees C and 0.7-1.1kbar. The serpentinites are enriched in Au, As, S and other fluid-mobile elements relative to primitive and depleted mantle. The extensively carbonated Atg-serpentinites contain significantly lower concentrations of these elements than the Lz-serpentinites suggesting that they were depleted during carbonate alteration. Fluid inclusion and stable isotope compositions of Au deposits in the CED are similar to those from the carbonate veins investigated in the study and we suggest that carbonation of ANS ophiolitic rocks due to influx of mantle-derived CO2-bearing fluids caused break down of Au-bearing minerals such as pentlandite, releasing Au and S to the hydrothermal fluids that later formed the Au-deposits. This is the first time that gold has been observed to be remobilized from rocks during the lizardite-antigorite transition.
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| 7. |
- Broska, Igor, et al.
(författare)
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Devonian/Mississippian I-type granitoids in the Western Carpathians : A subduction-related hybrid magmatism
- 2013
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Ingår i: Lithos. - : Elsevier BV. - 0024-4937 .- 1872-6143. ; 162, s. 27-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- SIMS zircon U-Pb dating of I-type granitoids from four Variscan crystalline basement outcrops in the Western Carpathians (Tribec, Nizke Tatry, Cierna Hora and Slovenske Rudohorie Mts.) implies that they originated between 367 and 353 Ma. Therefore, they belong to the earliest Variscan I-type granitoids. The oldest Devonian age at ca. 367-364 Ma is obtained from an enclave-bearing tonalite and associated dikes of the Tribe Mts. Several granodiorites from the Nizke Tatry, Vepor and Cierna Hora Mts. (353-357 Ma) show younger, Early Carboniferous ages. These data require a re-assessment of older models that explained the genesis of I-type granitoids in the Western Carpathians based on the assumption of younger, Middle to Upper Carboniferous ages. The I-type granite massifs of the Western Carpathians most probably originated in an arc-related environment within the Galatian superterrane, an assemblage of Gondwana derived fragments. The early age of I-type magmatism in the Western Carpathians marks the beginning of a north-dipping subduction of the Paleotethys ocean under Ibero-Ligerian and intra-Alpine terranes. We suggest a term "Proto-Tatricum" for that part of the Galatian superterrane where Devonian/Mississippian I-type granitoids were emplaced. Now the granitoids are incorporated as a part of crystalline basement into the Alpine Tatric and Veporic units within present West-Carpathian mountain chain.
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| 8. |
- Majka, Jaroslaw, et al.
(författare)
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Multiple monazite growth in the Areskutan migmatite: evidence for a polymetamorphic Late Ordovician to Late Silurian evolution in the Seve Nappe Complex of west-central Jamtland, Sweden
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Geosciences. - : Czech Geological Society. - 1802-6222 .- 1803-1943. ; 57:1, s. 3-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Monazite from granulite-facies rocks of the angstrom reskutan Nappe in the Scandinavian Caledonides (Seve Nappe Complex, Sweden) was dated using in-situ U-Th-total Pb chemical geochronology (CHIME). Multi-spot analyses of a non-sheared migmatite neosome yielded an age of 439 +/- 3 Ma, whereas a sheared migmatite gave 433 +/- 3 Ma (2 sigma). Although the obtained dates are rather similar, a continuous array of single dates from c. 400 Ma to c. 500 Ma suggests possibly a more complex monazite age pattern in the studied rocks. The grouping and recalculation of the obtained results in respect to Y-Th-U systematics and microtextural context allowed distinguishing several different populations of monazite grains/growth zones. In the migmatite neosome, low-Th and low-Y domains dated at 455 +/- 11 Ma are considered to have grown under high-grade sub-solidus conditions, most likely during a progressive burial metamorphic event. The monazites with higher Th and lower Y yielded an age of 439 +/- 4 Ma marking the subsequent partial melting event caused by decompression. The youngest (423 +/- 13 Ma) Y-enriched monazite reveals features of fluid-assisted growth and is interpreted to date the emplacement of the Areskutan onto the Lower Seve Nappe. In the sheared migmatite, the high-Th and low-U (high Th/U) monazite with variable Y contents yielded an age of 438 +/- 4 Ma, which is interpreted to date the partial melting event. Relatively U-rich rims on some of the monazite grains again reveal features of fluid-assisted growth, and thus their age of 424 +/- 6 Ma is interpreted as timing of the nappes emplacement. These results call, however, for further more precise, isotopic (preferably ion microprobe) dating of monazite in the studied rocks.
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| 9. |
- Peillod, Alexandre, et al.
(författare)
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Differences in decompression of a high-pressure unit : A case study from the Cycladic Blueschist Unit on Naxos Island, Greece
- 2021
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Ingår i: Lithos. - : Elsevier BV. - 0024-4937 .- 1872-6143. ; 386-387
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Determining the tectonic evolution and thermal structure of a tectonic unit that experiences a subduction-related pressure temperature (P-T) loop is challenging. Within a single unit, P-T conditions can vary from top to bottom which can only be revealed by detailed petrological work. We present micropetrological data from the middle section of the Cycladic Blueschist Unit (CBU) in Naxos, Greece, which indicates a different P-T loop than that for the top of the sequence. Using Zr-in-rutile and Ti-in-biotite thermometry coupled with quartz-in-garnet elastic barometry and phase equilibrium thermodynamic modeling, we identify a prograde path from 15.4 ± 0.8 kbar to 19.9 ± 0.6 kbar and from 496 ± 16 °C to 572 ± 7 °C (2σ uncertainty), equilibration during decompression at 8.3 ± 1.5 kbar and 519 ± 12 °C followed by near-isobaric heating to 9.2 ± 0.8 kbar and 550 ± 10 °C (or even 584 ± 19 °C), and a final greenschist-facies equilibration stage at 3.8 ± 0.3 kbar and 520 ± 4 °C. We compare these P-T estimates with published data from the top and also the bottom of the CBU section and find that the bottom half of the CBU on Naxos records higher peak high-pressure (HP) of about 4 kbar than the top of the unit, defining the thickness of the CBU section on Naxos to about 15 km in the Eocene. We determine that crustal thickening of up to ~15% occurs in the upper half of the CBU section during exhumation of the HP rocks in an extrusion wedge in a convergence setting. At about 30 Ma, the bottom half of the CBU was finally thrust onto the radiogenic Cycladic basement. Subsequently this bottom half of the CBU section underwent isobaric heating of 9–96 °C between c. 32–28 and 23–21 Ma. Isobaric heating occurred below the upper CBU section that thickened during decompression and commenced when HP metamorphism in the Cyclades ended. This suggests that thermal relaxation following tectonic accretion in the Cyclades controlled heating of the evolving Cycladic orogen during a tectonically quiescent period before lithospheric extension commenced by 23–20.5 Ma.
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| 10. |
- Walczak, Katarzyna, et al.
(författare)
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U–Pb zircon age dating of diamond-bearing gneiss from Fjørtoft reveals repeated burial of the Baltoscandian margin during the Caledonian Orogeny
- 2019
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Ingår i: Geological Magazine. - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. - 0016-7568 .- 1469-5081. ; 156:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The first find of microdiamond in the Nordøyane ultra-high-pressure (UHP) domain of the Western Gneiss Region (WGR) of the Scandinavian Caledonides reshaped tectonic models for the region. Nevertheless, in spite of much progress regarding the meaning and significance of this find, the history of rock that the diamonds were found in is complex and still largely ambiguous. To investigate this, we report U–Pb zircon ages obtained from the exact crushed sample material in which metamorphic diamond was first found. The grains exhibit complicated internal zoning with distinct detrital cores overgrown by metamorphic rims. The cores yielded a range of ages from the Archaean to the late Neoproterozoic / early Cambrian. This detrital zircon age spectrum is broadly similar to detrital signatures recorded by metasedimentary rocks of the Lower and Middle allochthons elsewhere within the orogen. Thus, our dating results support the previously proposed affinity of the studied gneiss to the Seve–Blåhø Nappe of the Middle Allochthon. Metamorphic rims yielded a well-defined peak at 447 ± 2 Ma and a broad population that ranges between c. 437 and 423 Ma. The data reveal a prolonged metamorphic history of the Fjørtoft gneiss that is far more complex then would be expected for a UHP rock that has seen a single burial and exhumation cycle. The data are consistent with a model involving multiple such cycles, which would provide renewed support for the dunk tectonics model that has been postulated for the region.
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