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| 2. |
- Wallenberg, Nils, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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The effects of warm weather on children’s outdoor heat stress and physical activity in a preschool yard in Gothenburg, Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Biometeorology. - 0020-7128 .- 1432-1254. ; 67:12, s. 1927-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hot weather conditions can have negative impacts on the thermal comfort and physical activity of vulnerable groups such as children. The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of warm weather on 5-year-old children’s thermal comfort and physical activity in a preschool yard in Gothenburg, Sweden. In situ measurements were conducted for 1–1.5 h in the early afternoon on 8 days in May, June, and August of 2022. The thermal comfort and physical activity was estimated with GPS-tracks, heart rate monitors, and step counts and compared to observed weather conditions. Results show that physical activity decreases under warmer weather conditions, depicted by a decrease in distance moved, step counts, and highest registered pulse. Moreover, on warm days, the children avoid sunlit areas. For 50% or more of the time spent in sunlit areas, the children are exposed to cautious levels of heat. In shaded areas, on the other hand, the children are less exposed, with five out of 8 days having 50% or more of the time at neutral levels. The study demonstrates the importance of access to shaded areas in preschool yards where children can continue their active play while simultaneously maintaining a safe thermal status.
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| 3. |
- Callaghan, Terry V., et al.
(författare)
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Changing snow cover and its impacts
- 2011
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Ingår i: Snow, Water, Ice and Permafrost in the Arctic (SWIPA). - Oslo : Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme. - 9788279710714 ; , s. 4:1-4:58
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Tobías, Aurelio, et al.
(författare)
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Geographical Variations of the Minimum Mortality Temperature at a Global Scale : A Multicountry Study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Environmental epidemiology. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 2474-7882. ; 5:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Minimum mortality temperature (MMT) is an important indicator to assess the temperature-mortality association, indicating long-term adaptation to local climate. Limited evidence about the geographical variability of the MMT is available at a global scale.Methods: We collected data from 658 communities in 43 countries under different climates. We estimated temperature-mortality associations to derive the MMT for each community using Poisson regression with distributed lag nonlinear models. We investigated the variation in MMT by climatic zone using a mixed-effects meta-analysis and explored the association with climatic and socioeconomic indicators.Results: The geographical distribution of MMTs varied considerably by country between 14.2 and 31.1 °C decreasing by latitude. For climatic zones, the MMTs increased from alpine (13.0 °C) to continental (19.3 °C), temperate (21.7 °C), arid (24.5 °C), and tropical (26.5 °C). The MMT percentiles (MMTPs) corresponding to the MMTs decreased from temperate (79.5th) to continental (75.4th), arid (68.0th), tropical (58.5th), and alpine (41.4th). The MMTs indreased by 0.8 °C for a 1 °C rise in a community's annual mean temperature, and by 1 °C for a 1 °C rise in its SD. While the MMTP decreased by 0.3 centile points for a 1 °C rise in a community's annual mean temperature and by 1.3 for a 1 °C rise in its SD.Conclusions: The geographical distribution of the MMTs and MMTPs is driven mainly by the mean annual temperature, which seems to be a valuable indicator of overall adaptation across populations. Our results suggest that populations have adapted to the average temperature, although there is still more room for adaptation.
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| 5. |
- Aturinde, Augustus, et al.
(författare)
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Spatial analysis of HIV-TB co-clustering in Uganda
- 2019
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Ingår i: BMC Infectious Diseases. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2334. ; 19:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death for individuals infected with Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Conversely, HIV is the most important risk factor in the progression of TB from the latent to the active status. In order to manage this double epidemic situation, an integrated approach that includes HIV management in TB patients was proposed by the World Health Organization and was implemented in Uganda (one of the countries endemic with both diseases). To enable targeted intervention using the integrated approach, areas with high disease prevalence rates for TB and HIV need to be identified first. However, there is no such study in Uganda, addressing the joint spatial patterns of these two diseases.METHODS: This study uses global Moran's index, spatial scan statistics and bivariate global and local Moran's indices to investigate the geographical clustering patterns of both diseases, as individuals and as combined. The data used are TB and HIV case data for 2015, 2016 and 2017 obtained from the District Health Information Software 2 system, housed and maintained by the Ministry of Health, Uganda.RESULTS: Results from this analysis show that while TB and HIV diseases are highly correlated (55-76%), they exhibit relatively different spatial clustering patterns across Uganda. The joint TB/HIV prevalence shows consistent hotspot clusters around districts surrounding Lake Victoria as well as northern Uganda. These two clusters could be linked to the presence of high HIV prevalence among the fishing communities of Lake Victoria and the presence of refugees and internally displaced people camps, respectively. The consistent cold spot observed in eastern Uganda and around Kasese could be explained by low HIV prevalence in communities with circumcision tradition.CONCLUSIONS: This study makes a significant contribution to TB/HIV public health bodies around Uganda by identifying areas with high joint disease burden, in the light of TB/HIV co-infection. It, thus, provides a valuable starting point for an informed and targeted intervention, as a positive step towards a TB and HIV-AIDS free community.
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| 7. |
- Kjær, Lene Jung, et al.
(författare)
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Potential drivers of human tick-borne encephalitis in the Örebro region of Sweden, 2010-2021
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Incidence of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) has increased during the last years in Scandinavia, but the underlying mechanism is not understood. TBE human case data reported between 2010 and 2021 were aggregated into postal codes within Örebro County, south-central Sweden, along with tick abundance and environmental data to analyse spatial patterns and identify drivers of TBE. We identified a substantial and continuing increase of TBE incidence in Örebro County during the study period. Spatial cluster analyses showed significant hotspots (higher number of cases than expected) in the southern and northern parts of Örebro County, whereas a cold spot (lower number of cases than expected) was found in the central part comprising Örebro municipality. Generalised linear models showed that the risk of acquiring TBE increased by 12.5% and 72.3% for every percent increase in relative humidity and proportion of wetland forest, respectively, whereas the risk decreased by 52.8% for every degree Celsius increase in annual temperature range. However, models had relatively low goodness of fit (R2 < 0.27). Results suggest that TBE in Örebro County is spatially clustered, however variables used in this study, i.e., climatic variables, forest cover, water, tick abundance, sheep as indicator species, alone do not explain this pattern.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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AIDAH-Editors post scriptum
- 2020
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Ingår i: Architecture for Residential Care and Ageing Communities: Spaces for Dwelling and Healthcare. - New York, NY : Routledge, 2021. : Routledge. - 9781000202236 ; , s. 279-281
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The AIDAH research project has been built upon the basic assumption that, confronted with the major challenges that societies face in terms of housing needs, an ageing population and radically changing healthcare conditions, architectural interventions must be inventive, audacious and explorative in their approaches. At the foreground of our work has therefore been the notion of a health promoting architecture. Today's solutions must incorporate and enable the potential opportunities and the still unknown needs and desires of tomorrow. For one thing, this is reflected in today’s comprehensive requirements for social sustainability; the built environment should last for a long time and serve a vast variety of needs, securing longevity and persistence. AIDAH has worked a lot on the foundation of the evidence-based knowledge that has developed during the last decades, concerning architecture's potential for health promotion, wellbeing and stress reduction.
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| 9. |
- Aturinde, Augustus, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of spatial co-occurrence between cancer and cardiovascular disease mortality and its spatial variation among the Swedish elderly (2010–2015)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Applied Geography. - : Elsevier BV. - 0143-6228. ; 125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CVD and cancer are the two leading causes of death worldwide. Improvement in cancer early detection and treatment has resulted in an increased number of cancer survivors. However, many of the survivors tend to develop CVD often leading to their demise. Conversely, people with pre-existing CVD conditions, especially the elderly, have increased chances of developing cancer and dying from the same. The World Health Organization, consequently, recommends joint management of both diseases. However, in Sweden, as with many other countries, few studies have explored the nature of the associations between the two disease mortalities and their spatial variation at a population level. This study uses correlation, global Moran's index and global bivariate Moran's index to investigate national trends of cancer and CVD crude mortality rates in the Swedish elderly. Spatial scan statistics, spatial overlay and local entropy maps were used to analyse for spatial co-occurrence, local joint spatial clustering and associations in the 2010–2015 cancer and CVD crude mortality rates for the Swedish elderly (65+ years). Mortality data were obtained from the Swedish Healthcare Registry. Our results showed that throughout the years of study, the correlation between cancer and CVD crude mortality rates was averagely positive. Spatial correlation analysis (univariate and bivariate) showed that the contribution of the neighbourhood mortality rates to the observed mortality rates was weak, though significant. From cluster analysis, the cancer and CVD crude mortality rates showed differences in clustering spatial scales with CVD clustering at a smaller scale. Finally, local entropy maps showed that cancer and CVD crude mortality rates were not always related across Sweden, but whenever they were, the relationship was mainly positive and linear. This study contributes to cancer and CVD public health efforts in Sweden by identifying areas where the two causes of death spatially co-occur, and where the two exhibit no spatial overlap. This provides a valuable starting ground for more focused studies to identify local drivers and/or informs coordinated targeted intervention in both causes of death.
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| 10. |
- Bernal, Ximena E., et al.
(författare)
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Empowering Latina scientists
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 363:6429, s. 825-826
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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