| 1. |
- Nyström-Larsson, Ingalill, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Materialanalys av sydsvenskt bonadsmåleri
- 2007
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Ingår i: Rapport: Sammanfattning av Riksantikvarieämbetets seminarieserie 2007 kring pågående FoU-projekt. ; , s. 23-24
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Bonadsmåleriet hade sin storhetstid 1750-1850, och var influerat av medeltida kalkmåleri och bildvävnad i kyrkorna. Bonaderna var temporära och prydde stugorna till fest. Motiven kan vara både bibliska och profana. Materialet är tyger (återanvända och hopfogade) och senare även papper. Mot slutet av perioden övergår hantverket i massproduktion. Tidigare har bonaderna framför allt studerats inom humaniora (exempelvis etnologi) och ett naturvetenskapligt perspektiv har saknats. Därför finns mycket knapphändiga uppgifter om materialet. Syftet med projektet är att: • Kartlägga materialanvändningen • Tolka och förstå materialutvecklingen • Klarlägga innehållet i de otydliga trivialnamnen • Bygga upp ett referensmaterial Genomförande Ett antal frågeställningar har satts upp inför studiet: • Vilka materialval har man gjort? • Skiljer måleriteknik, färg, materialval mellan bonader, och går det att urskilja geografiska skillnader eller är det en tidsmässig utveckling? • Kan bonader attribueras utifrån materialval och färgval? • Vad är det för pigment som döljs i trivialnamnen? Skriftliga källor räcker inte för att svara på dessa frågor utan måste komplet-teras med naturvetenskapliga analyser. Diskussion kring RÄA-seminariets specifika frågeställningar På vad sätt bidrar ert projekt till kunskapsuppbyggnaden inom ert område? • Projektet är också ett pilotprojekt och den kunskap som vinns kan också appliceras på annat än bonadsmåleri. Utifrån resultaten kan man också gå vidare och titta på handelsvägar, infrastruktur etc. • En referensdatabas byggs upp och kan kanske också användas för an-nat material. På vilket sätt skulle resultaten från ert projekt kunna tillämpas mer konkret inom kulturmiljösektorn? • Ett viktigt mål är att hitta analysmetoder som inte förstör materialet, och som helst kan göras på plats så att materialet inte behöver flyttas (Raman spektroskopi). • Som konstaterades ovan kan resultaten från den kemiska analysen visa att en sådan kan komplettera traditionella historiska metoder också inom andra områden än bonadsmåleri. Frågor och öppen diskussion • Ännu har man inte hittat några speciella pigment eller färger, men analysen är inte klar. • Analysmaterialet som valts ut är signerade bonader. • Eftersom uppbyggandet av referensdatabaser är centralt i konserva-torns arbete är det viktigt att sprida resultaten av projektet.
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| 2. |
- Nyström, Ingalill, 1969
(författare)
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Bonadsmåleri under lupp: Spektroskopiska analyser av färg och teknik i sydsvenska bonadsmålningar 1700-1870
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The objects of this PhD thesis are Southern Swedish painted wall-hangings: folk art paintings from the 18th and 19th centuries. The aim and objective of the study are: to investigate the construction and manufacturing processes of the painted wall-hangings; to identify both the painting materials and other substances employed; and, to document painting techniques used by different painters within this painted wall-hanging tradition. This is to get an increased understanding of the materials and techniques used, and the material development of these painted objects during the 18th and 19th centuries. The study is interdisciplinary in which Art Technological Source Research (ATSR) is combined with conservation science. Non-destructive and non-invasive analytical methods were preferentially used. Therefore spectroscopic methods including multi-spectral imaging systems, FT-Raman with a micro video probe head, FTIR with diffuse reflectance and Electron Microscopy with Elemental Analysis (SEM-EDX) were applied. Most of these chemical and technical analyses are undertaken on site. Supplementing analyses using spot tests and experimental reconstructions of coloring matters from plants and possible binder composition has then been carried out in the laboratory. In order to understand the manufacturing process of the wall-hangings also mock-ups where made. Historical recipes have been used to make these reconstructions. The Results indicate that generally inexpensive pigments such as chalk, red lead, ochres, orpiment, carbon black and woad have been used. Some artificial pigments such as; Prussian blue, emerald green and chrome yellow were introduced in the wall-hangings in the latter part of the era. The binding media in the paint contains egg and in some cases also starch. The paint is normally painted on reused linen cloth prepared with starch containing glue. During 19th century also paper has been used as a support. Representative for these painted objects is also that templates were adopted for the figures in the picture scenes and motifs. The significance of this study is that the materials science and knowledge of the technology used is important to be able to predict degradation risks, and to develop preventive and remedial conservation strategies for these objects. The technological material knowledge not only is crucial for preservation but also can supplement previous studies and previous attribution of Southern Swedish painted wall-hangings without signature.
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| 3. |
- Nyström, Ingalill, 1969
(författare)
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Materials in folk art from Hälsingland – A colourful study.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Book of abstracts. Materials for Tomorrow: Chalmers annual Materials Science Initiative Seminar and the Division of surface and materials chemistry annual symposium. Nov 8-10, 2016, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- What can we learn from the materials of yesterday for the materials of tomorrow? This talk is about art technology and the materials found in folk arts and crafts in decorated farmhouses of Hälsingland, UNESCO World Heritage since 2012. A variety of case studies from the project called “Decorated Farmhouses of Hälsingland: a holistic study of a world heritage site” will be presented. Wall paintings and painted furniture as well as decorated textiles are examined to understand their technology and artist’s materials. The study is cross disciplinary and methods from natural and historical sciences have been applied. The project is funded by the Swedish Research Council (VR), started in January 2014, and extends over four years. It is a collaboration between different researchers: conservation scientists, chemists, physicists, conservators, art historians and ethnologists from University of Gothenburg, Chalmers University of Technology, Linköping University and the Swedish National Heritage Board. The scientific analyses applied in the study are primarily different spectroscopic methods. Non-invasive analyses using multispectral imaging and XRF were conducted directly on art objects in museums and homestead museums. Additionally, samples were taken from these objects for supplementary analyses using FT-Raman and IR spectroscopy and DSA-ToF-MS and GC-MS. As a conclusion from this study, we believe that cooperation between different disciplines is crucial to tackle and interpret empirical material that often contains both historical sources that require transcriptions and interpretations, and material characterization and scientific interpretation of the analytical results. When different skills and various perspectives come together, new interpretations and new knowledge can be obtained. And in a sustainable perspective, the craft techniques and materials, as well as the historic recipes revealed in our study, have the potential to be re-used in the development of modern paints for the buildings of tomorrow.
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| 4. |
- Oudbashi, Omid, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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After Eighty Years: Experimental Study of Atmospheric Corrosion in the Metallic Dome of Hafez’s tomb, Shiraz, Iran
- 2019
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Ingår i: Studies in Conservation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0039-3630 .- 2047-0584. ; 64, s. 208-220
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hafez’s tomb was constructed on the grave of the well-known Iranian poet in Shiraz, in the 1930s. The dome of this monument is made of copper metal and has been exposed to the urban environment for 80 years. In this study, corrosion mechanisms and conservation conditions of the metallic dome of the Hafez’s tomb are investigated by analytical methods including optical microscopy, ICP-MS, SEM-EDX, and X-ray diffraction. The results showed that the dome is constructed from many copper sheets that are hammered to shape the dome. The corrosion products formed on the surface of copper sheets include copper oxide and copper trihydroxichlorides. In fact, the corrosion mechanism occurring in the metallic dome consists of copper oxidation and redeposition of copper II products because of reaction with air pollutants.
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| 5. |
- Oudbashi, Omid, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Lead isotope analysis of Bronze Age copper alloy objects from Deh Dumen graveyard, southwestern Iran
- 2023
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Ingår i: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-9557 .- 1866-9565. ; 15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This research presents the lead isotopic composition of ten objects made of copper-tin alloy or arsenical copper that was recovered at the Bronze Age cemetery at Deh Dumen (southwestern Iran). Grave goods associated with different cultures in eastern Iran, Susa, or Luristan were identified at the site, and lead isotopic analyses were conducted to identify the copper sources used for the production of copper alloy objects found in multiple tombs. Comparison with data for ore sources shows that some of the objects have a signature that is compatible with that of the Iranian sources located in the Urumieh-Dokhtar and the Sanandaj-Sirjan. It also shows that three objects are compatible with the signature of objects found in the Gujarat and ore sources in the Aravalli-Delhi Belt deposits (Rajasthan and Gujarat) in India, demonstrating long-distance exchange between southwestern Iran and the Indus valley.
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| 6. |
- Nyström, Ingalill, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Ädels målartvist 1839 – 1841. Forensisk undersökning av ett historiskt rättsfall
- 2018
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Ingår i: RIG: Kulturhistorisk tidskrift. - 0035-5267. ; :2-3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Ädel Painting Dispute 1839-1841: Forensic Analyses of a Historic Case This article is about a 19th century dispute concerning thirty pieces of decorated furniture painted by the painter Anders Erik Ädel (1809-1888) from Ljusdal, Hälsingland. In 1839, Ädel accused his client, the farmer Erik Olofsson, in court of having paid too little for the objects he had painted. He had used more pigments than those for which he had been paid. Through this study we demonstrate how multidisciplinary collaboration between humanities and sciences can contribute to deeper knowledge and new interpretations. The analyses of the judicial protocols found were supplemented by scientific analyses. The judicial protocols give an insight into what pigments and binders Ädel had access to, and when combined with the scientific analyses this information give historic evidence of the artist's materials and painting technique. The material also gives insight to the relation between a painter and a costumer at the time, and how they interacted. The article begins with a background description of the dispute. The case described in the historic source material have been interpreted and supplemented with explanatory and contextualising tasks. In conclusion, the two sub-studies are discussed and how a multidisciplinary approach like ATSR, Art Technological Source Research, can contribute to increase knowledge of artists and artistic practice.
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| 7. |
- Oudbashi, Omid, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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A “Western” imported technology: An analytical study of the Achaemenid Egyptian blue objects
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Cultural Heritage. - : Elsevier BV. - 1296-2074. ; 47, s. 246-256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Among archaeological items on-display and stored at the site museum of the Persepolis World Heritage Site (WHS), some decorative objects made of a blue paste are of great interest. A multianalytical study was required to identify the technology of their production. Nine blue objects were analysed by different methods including inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). It turns out that the objects are manufactured from the Egyptian blue. The comparative chemical studies added that the Persepolitan objects are partially different from those of other older civilizations of the west. This ancient artificial material has been in extensive use within ancient civilizations both as painting pigment and as paste to produce decorative objects. The very presence of the Egyptian blue objects in Persepolis heralds the influence of the Egyptian as well as the other Near Eastern civilizations on the art of the Persian Achaemenid Empire.
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| 8. |
- Nyström, Ingalill, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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FT-Raman Analyses of Blue Dyes Stuff Common in Swedish Folk Art from Hälsingland during 18th and 19th Century
- 2016
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Ingår i: Chemical Sciences Journal. - : OMICS Publishing Group. - 2150-3494. ; 7:2, s. 4-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The overall aim of this study is to gain a better understanding of the historic use of woad in Sweden in the18th and 19th centuries. A key question is, whether it is possible to distinguish between indigo from woad andexotic indigo using Raman spectroscopy? Reference samples prepared according to historic recipes using woad,exotic indigo, logwood and brazilwood - were used to dye different textile fibres - cotton, wool and linen. In addition,various reference compounds - indigotin, indirubin, kaempferol, luteolin, 3-hydroxyflavone and tryptanthrin - as wellas the ‘flower’ of the woad dye bath were analysed to identify specific fingerprint regions for each compound. Bluethreads from four historic textiles - a skirt and three rag balls - from the region of Hälsingland were then analysedin comparison to the references. A specific peak at 993 cm-1 was identified in the spectra taken from the flower ofthe woad vat, which we suggest possibly arises from 3-hydroxyflavone. DSA-ToF-MS analysis suggests flavoneglycosidesas possible candidates. However, cellulosic substrates show a broad vibration at 999 cm-1 overlappingthe flavone signature, thus rendering it non-diagnostic, but it might be possible to use this peak in Raman analysessupported by mass spectrometry to distinguish between indigo from woad and exotic indigo if the substrate is woolor if it is a pigment. Raman analyses of the historic samples identify the colourants as indigo and possibly woad andlogwod mixed with brazilwood.
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| 9. |
- Nyström, Ingalill, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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HÄLSINGEGÅRDEN OCH DEN FÄRGGRANNA FOLKKONSTEN
- 2018
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Ingår i: Bondeherrgårdar. - Lund : Nordic Academic Press. - 9789188661531
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det här kapitlet handlar om den inredningskultur som var karaktäristisk för Hälsinglands folkliga miljöer under 1700- och 1800-talen. Vi diskuterar färg i inredningens kontext som material och kulör, som en statushöjare och ett sätt att försköna. Färg kan användas som ett kontrasterande anslag som förhöjer verkan av angränsande ytor. Färg förstärker mönster och förtydligar motiv och används för att symbolisera eller berätta om något. Oavsett om färgen finns på väggar, tak, möbler, husgeråd eller dräkter – på papper, trä eller textil – kan den förmedla status, mode och identitet.
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| 10. |
- Shekofteh, Atefeh, et al.
(författare)
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Chemical and Microscopic Investigation of Ancient Mortar and Plaster from the Middle Elamite Period Tepti Ahar’s Vaulted Tomb, Southwestern Iran
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Architectural Heritage. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1558-3058 .- 1558-3066. ; 14, s. 1269-1283
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Haft Tappeh archaeological site, located in southwestern Iran, includes remains of the Middle Elamite period city, Kapanak (ca. 1400 BC). The archaeological excavations retrieved architectural remnants, the most significant of which being the tomb of Tepti Ahar in the northern area. The tomb is constructed of brick with mortar and plaster. The bricks are more deteriorated than mortar and plaster, and it is interesting to know the reasons behind durability of mortar/plaster in time. The aim of the article is characterization of mortar/plaster of the Tepti Ahar’s tomb. X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were employed throughout. Samples are prevalently made of gypsum with anhydrite, and in some cases bassanite and quartz, soil minerals, and calcite as impurities. The crystal’s shape is large in size with rounded edges as a result of long-term natural weathering. The micromorphological features, with coarse grain sizes, have improved physical and mechanical properties of the material. The dehydration channels in the gypsum crystals suggest the influence of moisture changes in the environment within the burial interval. Thus, long-term natural weathering has rendered a dense microstructure as the main reason for the stability of the mortar-plaster in time.
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