| 1. |
- Persson, Gerd, et al.
(författare)
-
Phase Behavior of 1-Alkylpyridinium Octane-1-sulfonates : Effect of the 1-Alkylpyridinium Counterion Size
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 20:4, s. 1168-1179
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The temperature-versus-composition phase diagrams of eight different 1-alkylpyridinium octane-1-sulfonates (APOSs) in water were studied by 1H NMR, 2H NMR, pulsed gradient spin−echo NMR, small-angle X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, surface tension and conductivity measurements, and polarizing microscopy. The number of carbons (nc) in the hydrocarbon chain of the pyridinium counterions was varied from nc = 1 to nc = 8 to study how the phase behavior of the APOS/2H2O systems was affected by a change in the chain length of the counterion. The sodium octane-1-sulfonate (NaOS)/water system was used as a reference. This system formed an isotropic micellar solution (L1) phase and a normal hexagonal (HI) phase. All APOSs were readily soluble in water and formed L1 phases. The surface tension above the critical micelle concentration for nc between 1 and 3 was higher than that for NaOS, and it decreased steadily for the different APOSs with increasing chain length. The area per molecule at the air/solution interfaces was rather constant at 68 Å2 for nc between 1 and 7. For 1-octylpyridinium octane-1-sulfonate (OPOS), it was about 5 Å2 smaller, which was just outside the estimated error. However, the smallest area was obtained for NaOS. At higher surfactant concentrations, liquid crystalline phases formed. Both cubic and HI phases were found for nc = 1 and 2, while for nc between 3 and 5 only an HI phase was observed. HI and lamellar liquid crystalline (Lα) phases formed for nc = 6 and 7. The only liquid crystalline phase found in the OPOS system was a Lα phase. The NaOS HI phase was the only liquid crystalline phase that showed a linear relation between the 2H2O NMR quadrupolar splitting (ΔW) and Xsurf/XW, where Xsurf and XW are the mole fractions of surfactant and water. The OPOS lamellae were found to be much thinner than expected, indicating a defect lamellar structure. This was further supported by the behavior of the quadrupolar splitting of deuterated OPOS. The anomalous behaviors of the 2H2O NMR quadrupolar splitting observed in the Lα phases of 1-heptylpyridinium octane-1-sulfonate and OPOS were interpreted in terms of changes in the population of the water molecules residing in different sites combined with a continuous rearrangement of the lamellae surface with the possible development of holes. The appearances of the phase diagrams were discussed in terms of surfactant molecular geometry and the packing of the amphiphiles in the aggregates formed.
|
|
| 2. |
- Yuan, Ning, et al.
(författare)
-
Investigation of the Deactivation and Reactivation Mechanism of a Heterogeneous Palladium(II) Catalyst in the Cycloisomerization of Acetylenic Acids by In Situ XAS
- 2021
-
Ingår i: ACS Catalysis. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2155-5435. ; 11:5, s. 2999-3008
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A well-studied heterogeneous palladium(II) catalyst used for the cycloisomerization of acetylenic acids is known to be susceptible to deactivation through reduction. To gain a deeper understanding of this deactivation process and to enable the design of a reactivation strategy, in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was used. With this technique, changes in the palladium oxidation state and coordination environment could be studied in close detail, which provided experimental evidence that the deactivation was primarily caused by triethylamine-promoted reduction of palladium(II) to metallic palladium nanoparticles. Furthermore, it was observed that the choice of the acetylenic acid substrate influenced the distribution between palladium(II) and palladium(0) species in the heterogeneous catalyst after the reaction. From the mechanistic insight gained through XAS, an improved catalytic protocol was developed that did not suffer from deactivation and allowed for more efficient recycling of the catalyst.
|
|
| 3. |
- Özeren, Hüsamettin Deniz, et al.
(författare)
-
Role of Hydrogen Bonding in Wheat Gluten Protein Systems Plasticized with Glycerol and Water
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Polymer. - : Elsevier BV. - 0032-3861 .- 1873-2291. ; 232, s. 124149-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Many biopolymers are stiff and brittle and require plasticizers. To optimize the choice and amount of plasticizer, the mechanisms behind plasticization need to be understood. For polar biopolymers, such as polysaccharides and proteins, plasticization depends to a large extent on the hydrogen bond network. In this study, glycerol-plasticized protein systems based on wheat gluten were investigated, in combination with the effects of water. The methodology was based on a combination of mechanical tests and molecular dynamics simulations (MD). The simulations accurately predicted the glycerol content where the experimental depression in glass transition temperature (Tg) occurred (between 20 and 30 wt.% plasticizer). They also predicted the strong water-induced depression in Tg. Detailed analysis revealed that in the dry system, the main effect of glycerol was to break protein-protein hydrogen bonds. In the moist system, glycerol was partly outcompeted by water in forming hydrogen bonds with the protein, making the glycerol plasticizer less effective than in dry conditions. These results show that MD can successfully predict the plasticizer concentration at which the onset of efficient plasticization occurs. MD can therefore be an important tool for understanding plasticizer mechanisms, even in a complex system, on a level of detail that is impossible with experiments.
|
|
| 4. |
- Imam, Mewlude, et al.
(författare)
-
Trimethylboron as Single-Source Precursor for Boron-Carbon Thin Film Synthesis by Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition
- 2016
-
Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 120:38, s. 21990-21997
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Boron carbon (BxC) thin films are potential neutron converting layers for B-10-based neutron detectors. However, as common material choices for such detectors do not tolerate temperatures above 500 degrees C, a low temperature deposition route is required. Here, we study trimethylboron B(CH3)(3) (TMB) as a single-source precursor for the deposition of BxC thin films by plasma CVD using Ar plasma. The effect of plasma power, TMB/Ar flow ratio and total pressure, on the film composition, morphology, chemical bonding, and microstructures are investigated. Dense and boron-rich films (B/C = 1.9) are achieved at high TMB flow under a low total pressure and high plasma power, which rendered an approximate substrate temperature of similar to 300 degrees C. Films mainly contain B-C bonds with the presence of B-O and C-C, which is attributed to be the origin of formed amorphous carbon in the films. The high H content 15 +/- 5 at. %) is almost independent of deposition parameters and contributed to lower the film density (2.16 g/cm(3)). The plasma compositional analysis shows that the TMB molecule decomposes to mainly atomic H, C-2, BH, and CH. A plasma chemical model for the decomposition of TMB with BH and CH as the plausible film depositing species in the plasma is proposed.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Norgren, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
-
Lignin : Recent advances and emerging applications
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-0294 .- 1879-0399. ; 19, s. 409-416
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we focus on the recent advances on the physical chemistry of lignin. Emerging trends of incorporating lignin in promising future applications such as controlled release, saccharification of lignocelluloses, bioplastics, composites, nanoparticles, adsorbents and dispersants, in electro-chemical applications and carbon fi bers, arealso reviewed. We briefl y describe the complexity of the lignin structure that influences the solution behavior, both as a macromolecule and a col loid, as well as the potential of being a renewable precursor in the development of high-value applications. Special attention is paid on summarizing the present knowledge on lignin colloidalstability and surface chemistry.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Engqvist, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
-
Interactions between single latex particles and silica surfaces studied with AFM
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Colloids and Surfaces A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-7757 .- 1873-4359. ; 302:03-jan, s. 197-203
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The spreading of single styrene-acrylic latex particles on silicon oxide C surfaces was studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Three latexes with different glass transition temperature (Tg) were used and the effects of temperature, time and preparation method were investigated. Particle sizes and shape were measured with AFM and the contact angles were calculated. The observed rate for the spreading of latex particles was low and it took several days before the particles reached steady state, even at temperatures well above their T-g. The experimental particle spreading results deviated with two orders of magnitude from predictions Using the WLF equation for polymer diffusion. The deviation could be attributed to polymer-surface interactions that slowed down the particle spreading. The work of adhesion was calculated using two models. The results from using the regular Young-Dupre equation and a modified version of this equation that also included the mechanical properties (E-modulus and Poisson's ratio) of the latexes, were compared. For soft latex particles the results from the two models agreed well and were of the order of 75 J/m(2), but for glassy latexes the Young-Dupre equation underestimated the work of adhesion.
|
|
| 9. |
- Johansson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
Adsorption Behavior and Adhesive Properties of Biopolyelectrolyte Multilayers formed from Cationic and Anionic Starch
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Biomacromolecules. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1525-7797 .- 1526-4602. ; 10:7, s. 1768-1776
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cationic starch (D.S. 0.065) and anionic starch (D.S. 0.037) were used to form biopolyelectrolyte multilayers. The influence of the solution concentration of NaCl on the adsorption of starch onto silicon oxide substrates and on the formation of multilayers was investigated using stagnation point adsorption reflectometry (SPAR) and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D). The wet adhesive properties of the starch multilayers were examined by measuring pull-off forces with the AFM colloidal probe technique. It was shown that polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEM) can be successfully constructed from cationic starch and anionic starch at electrolyte concentrations of 1 mM NaCl and 10 mM NaCl. The water content of the PEMs was approximately 80% at both electrolyte concentrations. However, the thickness of the PEMs formed at 10 mM NaCl was approximately twice the thickness formed at I mM NaCl. The viscoelastic properties of the starch PEMs, modeled as Voigt elements, were dependent on the polyelectrolyte that was adsorbed in the outermost layer. The PEMs appeared to be more rigid when capped by anionic starch than when capped by cationic starch. The wet adhesive pull-off forces increased with layer number and were also dependent oil the polyelectrolyte adsorbed in the outermost layer. Thus, starch PEM treatment has a large potential for increasing the adhesive interaction between solid substrates to levels higher than can be reached by a single layer of cationic starch.
|
|
| 10. |
- Lidenmark, Cecilia, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
-
The adhesive behavior of extracted latex polymers towards silicon oxide and cellulose
- 2013
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives. - : Elsevier. - 0143-7496 .- 1879-0127. ; 44, s. 250-258
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective with this work is to compare the adhesive behavior for latex polymers of different glass transition temperatures (T-g) at different length scales and with different contact times. This is accomplished by two techniques: AFM colloidal probe force measurements and JKR-measurements. The aim is to compare the results from these two techniques and relate them to the interaction of the latex polymers towards oxidized silicon wafers and silica/cellulose probes. Theory suggests that altering the short timeframes used in the colloidal probe technique does not affect the ranking of the adhesion for the different polymers, but for the macroscopic JKR-technique it influences the measured work of adhesion. It is therefore important to let the system reach a steady state before assuming complete spreading and adhesion. AFM and JKR measurements showed the same trends where the polymer with lowest content of styrene has the lowest T-g and the highest adhesion, due to the larger polymer chain mobility.
|
|
