| 1. |
- Lazoroska, Daniela, et al.
(författare)
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Perceptions of participation and the role of gender for the engagement in solar energy communities in Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: Energy, Sustainability and Society. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2192-0567. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Energy communities are emphasized by the EU as important for developing sustainable energy systems that include and engage many people. While many renewables are highly compatible with a more decentralized energy system, research indicates that participation in 'desirable' energy activities and energy decision-making is influenced by social and economic factors, including gender, economic status and home ownership. The overall aim of this article is to contribute to this line of inquiry by exploring how and under which conditions energy communities allow for broader participation in the energy system. This article examines how gender, as a more specific condition, influences the extent to which parties can or cannot engage with collective solar ownership models by means of a qualitative study of 11 solar energy communities and one housing association in Sweden.Results: The study revealed that despite the relative potential for inclusion that they hold, energy communities can raise justice concerns in terms of inequities concerning access, capacity, and opportunity to engage in decision-making.Conclusions: While solely focusing on gender offers a limited view of the dynamics of inclusion and exclusion in renewable energy projects, it is our position that integrating it into the analysis will provide insights into possible measures to remedy limitations and accelerate the renewable energy transition.
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| 2. |
- Johansson, Maria
(författare)
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Business as Usual? : Doing gender equality in Swedish forestry work organisations
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The title of this thesis is Business as usual? Doing gender equality in Swedish forestry work organizations and while the latter part, the subtitle, is rather self-explanatory, the former part can be read in different ways. The aim of the thesis is to increase the understanding of the doing of gender equality in the male dominated work organizations of the Swedish forestry sector, and thereby contribute both theoretical and empirical understanding regarding how doing gender equality in the forestry sector relates both to notions of gender and notions of organizations. Forestry has traditionally been characterized by physically demanding, manual harvesting work, with practical and symbolic associations with men and certain forms of masculinity. The forestry sector still remains one of the most gender segregated labour forces in Sweden, all while gender equality has been addressed to some extent during the 2000s. The theoretical frame of reference of the present thesis is rooted in feminist organizational research and the doing gender framework. Based on a perspective of reality as socially constructed and by deploying a feminist participatory action research methodology, my analysis focuses on how complexities of meanings are ascribed to the actions and processes, that are framed as gender equality and I have qualitatively analysed empirical material, such as policy documents, interviews and written testimonies of sexual harassment, that explicate these aspects of doing gender equality in organizations. The thesis is built experiences from two different research- and development projects and consists of 5 articles and a synthetizing chapter.The results highlight how doing gender equality relates to notions of gender as well as notions of organization. In both Article I, where policies were studied and in Article II, that builds on interviews, women are in general constructed as the “other”, as people who lack (forestry) skills and competences and who are in need of help or as contributors of social and emotional competence. Men and masculine norms are mainly absent from the doing of gender equality in this material, just as notions of the organization. But, deploying a feminist participatory action research methodology can bring forward other perspectives on gender equality, as shown in Articles IV and V, such as the articulations of men and masculinities. Further, this thesis shows that gender equality is in general understood by the organizations studied as a process that regards gender, predominantly women, rather than the organization. Put differently, gender equality work in the forestry sector does not to any significant extent, affect what is perceived as the core activities in these organizations. However, the overarching depoliticized and degendered business case framing that mainly evades accounting for the role of the organization when doing gender equality, is disrupted by the testimonies of #slutavverkat explored in Article III. Here, the political dimension of gender equality is highlighted by stories of men’s behaviours (reprehended but at the same time sanctioned) in organizations that come at the expense of women’s rights to a workplace free from condescending comments, harassment and sexual violence. While previous research has pointed to the importance of gender awareness, and gender aware leadership, in organizations that wish to succeed with their gender equality work, this thesis suggests that there is also a need for “gendered organization awareness” in order to understand and discuss not only how gender is done in organizations but also how everyday organizational life, such as notions of competence, is done and how that in turn relates to gender and power. This underlines the need for organizations to make room for conflicts and politics and to let the otherwise marginalized voices contribute to more nuanced interpretations of gender equality.The title Business as usual? encompasses the starting points for the thesis work as well as the main findings. Read with an emphasis on business, the seemingly all-embracing business case rhetoric’s that encloses the official narratives of gender equality in the forestry sector are visualized, while emphasizing as usual denotes to the sectors resistance to do other than what it usually does. Read as the hole saying, business as usual, that title signals that gender equality work is done in ways that not interfere with forestry core activities, thus making gender equality work in the organizations side streamed or de-coupled. Yet, read with emphasis on the question mark, opens up for the subversive potential that nevertheless exists when more multifaceted ways of making sense of gender equality are articulated and as the findings suggests that there are ways to re-gender and re-politicize organizational gender equality work in the context of forestry work organizations.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Sagberg, Fridulv, et al.
(författare)
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A Review of Research on Driving Styles and Road Safety
- 2015
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Ingår i: Human Factors. - : SAGE Publications. - 1547-8181 .- 0018-7208. ; 57:No. 7, November 2015, s. 1248- 1275
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To outline a conceptual framework for understanding driving style and, based on this, review the state-of-the-art research on driving styles in relation to road safety.Background: Previous research has indicated a relationship between the driving styles adopted by drivers and their crash involvement. However, a comprehensive literature review of driving style research is lacking. Method: A systematic literature search was conducted, including empirical, theoretical and methodological research on driving styles related to road safety. Results: A conceptual framework was proposed where driving styles are viewed in terms of driving habits established as a result of individual dispositions as well as social norms and cultural values. Moreover, a general scheme for categorising and operationalizing driving styles was suggested. On this basis, existing literature on driving styles and indicators was reviewed. Links between driving styles and road safety were identified and individual and socio-cultural factors influencing driving style were reviewed. Conclusion: Existing studies have addressed a wide variety of driving styles, and there is an acute need for a unifying conceptual framework in order to synthesise these results and make useful generalisations. There is a considerable potential for increasing road safety by means of behaviour modification. Naturalistic driving observations represent particularly promising approaches to future research on driving styles. Application: Knowledge about driving styles can be applied in programmes for modifying driver behaviour and in the context of usage-based insurance. It may also be used as a means for driver identification and for the development of driver assistance systems.
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| 5. |
- Ahlborg, Helene, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Theorizing power in political ecology: the where of power in resource governance projects
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Political Ecology. - : University of Arizona. - 1073-0451. ; 25:1, s. 381-401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Power and politics have been central topics from the early days of Political Ecology. There are different and sometimes conflicting conceptualizations of power in this field that portray power alternatively as a resource, personal attribute or relation. The aim of this article is to contribute to theorizations of power by probing contesting views regarding its role in societal change and by presenting a specific conceptualization of power, one which draws on both political ecology and sociotechnical approaches in science and technology studies. We review how power has been conceptualized in the political ecology field and identify three trends that shaped the current discussion. We then develop our conceptual discussion and explicitly ask where power emerges in processes of resource governance projects. We identify four locations that we illustrate empirically through an example of rural electrification in Tanzania that aimed at catalyzing social and economic development by providing renewable energy-based electricity services to people. Our analysis supports the argument that power is relational and productive, and it draws on science and technology studies to bring to the fore the critical role of non-human elements in co-constitution of society—technology—nature. This leads us to see power exercise as having contradictory and ambiguous effects. We conclude that by exploring the tension between human agency and constitutive power, we keep the politics alive throughout the analysis and are able to show why intentional choices and actions really matter for how resource governance projects play out in everyday life.
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| 6. |
- Lindahl, Lisbeth, et al.
(författare)
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Från idé till verklighet – erfarenheter från fyra bostadsprojekt för seniorer: Slutrapport från projekt DIABAHS
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Boendet är en viktig livsmiljö för alla men har ännu större betydelse för personer som inte längre yrkesarbetar. Det är en plats för människors identitet och ett socialt sammanhang. Utformningen av hemmet och närmiljön påverkar äldres hälsa, välbefinnande och möjlighet att leva ett aktivt och självständigt liv, vilket i sin förlängning påverkar behov av vård och omsorg. Projekt DIABAHS (Dialog Bygg Hållbart för Seniorer) har genomförts som ett samarbete mellan Chalmers, Institutionen för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnadsteknik samt Göteborgsregionen, FoU i Väst. Projektet finansieras till största del genom medel från Formas och pågick mellan 2016 och 2019. Ett övergripande syfte var att beskriva och undersöka tillkomsten av seniorbostäder i praktiken och hur dessa svarar mot behov i lokalsamhället. De frågeställningar som formulerades initialt handlade om relationerna mellan arkitekter, byggherrar och lokalsamhällets/äldres behov. Projektet belyser delvis även hur dialoger användes för att skapa bostäder som svarar mot behov i lokalsamhället, samt hur man kan skapa hållbara bostäder för seniorer med särskilt fokus på social hållbarhet. En mer specificerad frågeställning kom att handla om äldres motiv till att flytta och byta bostad. Det som gör det här projektet relativt unikt är att det inte finns så många studier gjorda i Sverige som beskriver motiv till att flytta och upplevelser av helt nybyggda bostäder för seniorer. Studien bygger dessutom på ett flervetenskapligt perspektiv där kunskaper från arkitektur, psykologi och gerontologi har varit utgångspunkter. Fyra exempel valdes ut för att illustrera olika lokala sammanhang, former av seniorbostäder med mera. Gemensamt för de olika exemplen var att samtliga handlade om nyproducerade bostäder för personer över 65 år. Datainsamlingen har bestått av intervjuer och uppföljande samtal, observationer, litteraturgenomgångar och av workshops. Semi-strukturerade intervjuer har genomförts med byggherrar, arkitekter, seniorer och tjänstepersoner som arbetar på lokal nivå med planering och med äldreomsorg/-vård. Till projektet knöts även en expert- och fokusgrupp som aktivt medverkade under hela projektets genomförande. Projektet bestod av två delstudier. En delstudie fokuserade på planering, design och utveckling av de nya bostäderna där arkitekter och byggherrar/fastighetsägare var informanter och där information om boendemiljöerna togs fram via okulär besiktning och granskning av ritningar. Den fysiska miljön tillgänglighetsinventerades dessutom av en expert vid Fastighetskontoret i Göteborgs stad. Delstudie nummer två undersökte hyresgästernas perspektiv på senior- och trygghetsbostäderna, deras bakgrund, flyttmotiv och upplevelser av de nya bostäderna. Den följeforskning som har genomförts i DIABAHS-projektet har även möjliggjort iakttagelser om hur olika projektidéer kring boende för seniorer förändrades över tid, varför och hur detta gjordes. Arkitekternas påverkansmöjlighet har varierat i de studerade exemplen. Förutsättningarna, ramarna och villkoren för uppdragen har varit olika. Byggherrarna har också tillämpat olika affärs- och upphandlingsstrategier baserat på det unika projektets förutsättningar. Arkitekterna hade också mer eller mindre tidigare erfarenhet av att utforma bostäder för äldre. Resultatet visar på att utgångspunkterna för att bygga för seniorer skiljer sig åt mellan byggherrar. För någon byggherre handlade det om att undersöka möjligheterna att bygga innovativt och flexibelt, medan någon annan ville bygga på ett sätt som bidrog till äldres självständighet och integritet. Ytterligare någon ville skapa ett boende som upplevs attraktivt och lustfyllt, medan någon annan kanske främst byggde för målgruppen för att det var ett krav från kommunen. En väsentlig slutsats är att ingen ville skapa en boendemiljö som associerades till äldre som är sjuka och dåliga. Inom projekt DIABAHS visade det sig att de som flyttade till de nybyggda bostäderna för seniorer hade en medelålder på 79 år, där den yngsta var 61 år och den äldsta var 97 år. Gruppen bestod till största delen av kvinnor (72 %) och ensamstående personer (61 %). De flesta upplevde sin hälsa som någorlunda god eller god, men hälsan varierade något mellan olika åldrar. Det var fler som hade hemtjänst bland de hyresgäster som flyttade till en senior- eller trygghetsbostad än bland genomsnittsbefolkningen i samma åldersgrupp. Andelen som behövde hemtjänst hade dock minskat efter inflyttning och låg då i nivå med riksgenomsnittet för åldersgruppen. Ett annat resultat som ligger i linje med att flytten till den nya bostaden skapade ökad självständighet är att 61 procent upplevde sig som mer självständiga efter att de hade flyttat till sin nya bostad. En förklaring till det var att den nya bostaden var fysiskt tillgänglig och inte heller lika krävande att sköta om, vilket underlättade förmågan att självständigt klara aktiviteter. Resultaten visar också att några flyttade för att de hade behov av en bättre bostad i dagsläget, medan andra ville flytta innan några sådana behov uppstår. Rädsla för ensamhet kunde också vara en anledning till att flytta som en planering inför framtiden. Ett annat motiv till att flytta var önskan om att frigöra pengar vid försäljning av sin bostadsrättslägenhet eller villa. Alla som flyttade till en seniorbostad var dock inte intresserade av att bo bland andra i samma åldersgrupp, men hade valt det för att det var lättare att få en hyreslägenhet som var öronmärkt för seniorer. Resultaten visar att det var en rad olika faktorer som påverkade skillnader i hyra mellan de olika exempel som ingick i studien, som markpris, om bygget erhållit subventioner med mera. Om hyresgästerna upplevade hyran som rimlig eller inte visade sig inte vara relaterat till kvadratmeterpriset, utan till månadskostnaden för lägenheten samt vad som ingick i boendet. Det studerade trygghetsboendet innehöll exempelvis flera kvaliteter som inte fanns i de andra studerade exemplen. De som intervjuades tyckte dock att det var värt att betala för de extra kvaliteterna. Några påpekade även att hyran inte var högre i trygghetsboendet jämfört med i andra nyproducerade lägenheter i närheten, trots att boendet innehöll dessa kvaliteter. De exempel som följdes i projektet hade dock så hög hyra att det är tveksamt om dessa kan sägas bidra till jämlika villkor och delaktighet eftersom många pensionärer inte skulle ha råd att bo där. De av DIABAHS-exemplen som valde modulhus och beviljades statliga subventioner fick visserligen lägre hyreskostnader, men hyrorna i två av tre exempel kan vara svåra att klara för en ensamstående pensionär med genomsnittspension. En generell slutsats är att de exempel som vi har följt inom ramen för projektet verkar bidra till hälsa och välbefinnande. Hyresgästerna förmedlade både i enkäter och intervjuer att de trivdes, kände sig trygga och att många dessutom hade bättre förmåga att vara aktiva och självständiga i den nya bostaden. Ett annat delresultat är att dialoger kan ge viktig information och idéer till byggande för seniorer, men att dialogernas ramar och villkor måste vara tydliga för att de ska upplevas som meningsfulla och ge kreativa bidrag till plan- och byggprocessen. Framtida forskningsfrågor skulle kunna handla om varför, när, eller på vilka grunder man flyttar ifrån trygghetsboenden. En större studie som undersöker i vilken utsträckning seniorers flytt till senior- och trygghetsbostäder bidrar till bibehållen självständighet och minskat behov av vård och omsorg rekommenderas också. Projekt DIABAHS samlade erfarenheter och resultat kan användas vid planering av hållbara boendemiljöer för seniorer. Dessa finns tillgängliga i en digital publikation (klokboken.nu) med praktisk vägledning för byggherrar, arkitekter och planerare.
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| 7. |
- Öhman, May-Britt, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Designing Dam Safeties : Perspectives on large scale dams within the intra-actions of technology, nature and human decision making
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Commission of Large Dams, ICOLD, Seattle, 2013. - Seattle : ICOLD.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Analyzing the intra-actions between the actors involved, this paper presents results from interviews and participatory observations with local authorities, local inhabitants, power companies representatives as well as dam operators. We argue that the Swedish model for dam safety currently is suffering from a major deficiency as the expertise and understanding of the technical constructions remain among the dam owners and that the societal authority in charge of supervising the dam owners work have no capability of achieving the same level of understanding and thus to take informed and relevant decisions. Furthermore we argue that the lack of technical understanding of dams and hydropower outside of the dam sector has become a huge threat to dam safety as state representatives and political decision makers currently allow and even encourage mining exploitation both next to high risk classified hydropower dams and even within existing hydropower reservoirs.We argue that the actual challenge to safeguard an increased dam safety is by bridging the gap between the multitude of different actors– engineers/operators, users, political decision makers - in order to generate new understandings and new methodologies to deal with risk, safety and security. It is necessary to bridge the gaps between the sectors and actors involved, and that this should be done through investment in close collaboration between the dam sector and engineering research on the one hand and social sciences and humanities on the other – to ensure understandings of political decision making as well as of technical artifacts and water flows.The geographical focus is on two rivers – the Ume River and the Lule River in the north of Sweden. Both rivers are of major importance for national production of electricity, and the rivers are water suppliers for a large amount of inhabitants.
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| 8. |
- Öhman, May-Britt, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Human Bodies and the Forces of Nature : Regulated Rivers, Safety and Embodied Knowledge
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Commission of Large Dams, Kyoto, 2012.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses human bodies in relation to regulated rivers, via the technology of design and operation of remote control and surveillance systems, in terms of safety and risks. The paper draws on case studies of hydropower in Sweden, both historical and current events, from studies made within the ongoing research project DAMMED: Security, risk and resilience around the dams of Sub Arctica (Swedish Research Council, 2010-2012)The point of departure is that within current civil engineering education, training as well as within societal and company level decision making on large scale technical systems, the human body, with its knowledges, emotions and affections, as well as its vulnerabilities are to a large extent disregarded. The actual body of the engineer or the operator, for instance the body located in control rooms, is at the same time considered both uninteresting and replaceable, at the same time as it is viewed as a machine, as being part of the machinery and as such, an ever well functioning and never failing machine.An important feature of the Swedish hydropower dams in this sense is that they are to a major extent remote controlled, with the operators located many kilometers away from the actual dams of which they are in charge. New technologies for camera surveillance and monitoring have provided opportunities to assemble data on a dam and the water flowing through it. This can be linked to the current idea of regulated rivers as controllable, manageable through the correct, the best, technology designed and used.Accordingly, the engineer – within this paradigm - may perceive him/herself as in control of the river and water flows. However, at the same time, an apparent paradox appears. Within the dam industry sector, it is widely known that on a global level 1-2 large dams break, or fail, each year, and the concept “dam safety” is used to describe a huge amount work and money which is spent to avoid that such events occur. These failures depends both on the human – machine interactions, mistakes made in the daily dam operations, as well as factors depending on materials breaking down, or excessive unpredicted water flows.Another issue at stake is the continuous regulation of a regulated river, which directly affects the people living around the dams and waterways. Unannounced water releases, may cause fatal risks for people and their domestic animals.
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| 9. |
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Challenge the past / diversify the future - proceedings
- 2015
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Challenge the Past / Diversify the Future is a multidisciplinary conference for scholars and practitioners who study the implementation and potential of visual and multi-sensory representations to challenge and diversify our understanding of history and culture. This volume contains an overview of all the presentations.
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| 10. |
- Cutas, Daniela, 1978
(författare)
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On the impact of technology and globalisation on reproductive ethics
- 2010
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Ingår i: 10th World Congress of Bioethics, July 28-31, 2010.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ethics, mores, and policies in the field of reproduction and parenting have an impact on how, by whom, and for whom reproductive technologies are developed, used, desired or recommended. In return, changes in societies, caused by globalisation and the spread of technologies into the process of formation of families (as well as other elements, depending on the case), have led to what some call the "crisis" of the family. I propose to look into this interaction between technology, globalisation, ethics, mores and policies, and to point to some of the ways in which they have influenced each other, and in particular to some of the ways in which technologies (such as gamete donation, embryo transfer, SCNT, the creation of synthetic gametes etc.) demand the reformulation of arguments in reproductive ethics and policy (such as the potentiality argument, regulations according to which birth mothers receive legal recognition as mothers of the newly born etc.). One of the main questions that arises from these changes is that of the identity of children's "real" parents. I will make an argument from reproductive autonomy to support the notion of "moral" parenting to the detriment of the praising of genetic or birth links. The shift from moral parenting being prima facie associated with genetic lineage, gestation or birth, to the need to reanalyse parenting entitlements is the exclusive merit (or fault) of reproductive technologies. Certainly, parenting entitlements have sometimes been reorganised before that (e.g. in adoption or custody decisions), but without significant effects on the general status quo. And, as the attribution of parenting entitlements and obligations is shifting, so will the ethics and policy of access to, and development of, reproductive technologies (e.g. if we cease to see genetics as the main component, or source of legitimacy, of reproduction and parenting, then this has an effect on the ethics and regulation of the use of donor gametes as well as public funding of, or even access to, the use of technologies for people who cannot reproduce genetically but could become parents in other ways). Reproductive technologies thus also create a wider separation between the right to reproduce and the right to parent, if indeed both can be argued for.
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