| 1. |
- Otto, Opira
(författare)
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Trust, identity and beer : institutional arrangements for agricultural labour in Isunga village in Kiryandongo district, midwestern Uganda
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis explores the role and influence of institutions on agricultural labour transactions in Isunga village in Kiryandongo District, Midwestern Uganda. It primarily focuses on how farmers structure, maintain and enforce their labour relationships during crop farming. The study is based on semi-structured interviews of twenty households and unstructured interviews with representatives of farmers associations. These interviews show that other than household labour, the other common labour arrangements in the village include farm work sharing, labour exchanges and casual wage labour. Farm work sharing and labour exchanges involve farmers temporarily pooling their labour into work groups to complete tasks such as planting, weeding or harvesting crops on members' farms in succession. This is done under strict rules and rewarded with 'good' beer and food. Against this background, the study asks what institutions really are, why they matter and what we can learn about them. Literature suggests that institutions influence labour transactions by their effects on transaction costs and the protection of contractual rights. However, literature does not suggest which institutions are best for agricultural labour transactions. Taking institutions to be the 'rules of the game', with farmers as 'players' who strategically use these rules to their advantage, the study focused on the interaction between institutions and farmers. The major findings of the study are: (a) farmers' choices of institutions are influenced by the characteristics of transactions, the costs of using institutions for handling labour dealings, the fairness and predictability of the outcome of contract enforcement mechanisms, and socio-cultural factors such as kin/ethnic status, morality and affection, (b) formal institutions in Isunga are either weak, ineffective or absent. So, farmers rely heavily on institutions embedded in social norms and networks to structure their transactional relationships, to ensure the performance of the respective parties, and to settle disputes if they arise. The study concludes that agricultural labour transactions in Isunga involve judgements of personal characteristics and social roles expressed as reputation and trustworthiness.
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| 2. |
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Unraveling the logics of landscape
- 2014
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Despite conceptual oscillations through times, the concept of landscape remains highly subjective, whereupon unraveling its 'logics' opens up to a plurality of interpretations. Accordingly, by focusing on the interconnections present in the non-haphazard production of landscape, this publication elaborates on how the rural landscape is valued, monitored, changed, harbored, used and misused, be it through actions, representations or metaphors. This book covers a broad range of topics, with contributions from scholars from more than 30 countries.
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| 3. |
- Mc Conville, Jennifer R, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Closing the food loops: Guidelines and criteria for improving nutrient management
- 2015
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Ingår i: Sustainability: Science, Practice, and Policy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1548-7733. ; 11:2, s. 33-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As global consumption expands, the world is increasingly facing threats to resource availability and food security. To meet future food demands, agricultural resource efficiency needs to be optimized for both water and nutrients. Policy makers should start to radically rethink nutrient management across the entire food chain. Closing the food loop by recycling nutrients in food waste and excreta is an important way of limiting the use of mineral nutrients, as well as improving national and global food security. This article presents a framework for sustainable nutrient management and discusses the responsibility of four key stakeholder groups—agriculture, the food industry, consumers, and waste management—for achieving an effective food loop. In particular, we suggest a number of criteria, policy actions, and supporting strategies based on a cross-sectoral application of the waste hierarchy.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Eriksson, Louise, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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The importance of structural, situational, and psychological factors for involving hunters in the adaptive flyway management of geese
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adaptive flyway management of superabundant geese is emerging as a strategy to reduce damage to agricultural crops and other ecosystem disservices, while also ensuring sustainable use and conservation objectives. Given the calls for intensified hunting as part of flyway management in Europe, we need to increase the understanding of structural, situational, and psychological factors important for goose hunting among hunters. Our survey data, retrieved in southern Sweden, showed a higher potential to intensify hunting among goose hunters than other hunters. In response to hypothetical policy instruments (including regulations, collaborative, and others), hunters declared a minor increase in their intention to hunt geese, with the greatest expected increase among goose hunters should the hunting season be extended. Situational factors (e.g., access to hunting grounds) were associated with goose hunting (frequency, bag size, and intention to increase hunting). In addition, controlled motivation (derived from external pressures or to avoid guilt) and more importantly autonomous motivation (due to hunting being enjoyable or valuable) were along with goose hunter identity positively associated with goose hunting. Hunters’ involvement in flyway management may be encouraged by using policy instruments to remove situational barriers and facilitate their autonomous motivation.
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| 6. |
- Ran, Ylva, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of public policy interventions for environmentally sustainable food consumption: a systematic map of available evidence
- 2024
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Ingår i: Environmental Evidence. - 2047-2382. ; 13
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The global food system is inflicting substantial environmental harm, necessitating a shift towards more environmentally sustainable food consumption practices. Policy interventions, for example, information campaigns, taxes and subsidies and changes in the choice context are essential to stimulate sustainable change, but their effectiveness in achieving environmental goals remains inadequately understood. Existing literature lacks a comprehensive synthesis of evidence on the role of public policies in promoting sustainable food consumption. Our systematic map addressed this gap by collecting and categorising research evidence on public policy interventions aimed at establishing environmentally sustainable food consumption patterns, in order to answer the primary research question: What evidence exists on the effects of public policy interventions for achieving environmentally sustainable food consumption?Methods Searches for relevant records (in English) were performed in WoS, Scopus, ASSIA, ProQuest Dissertation and Theses, EconLit, Google Scholar and in bibliographies of relevant reviews. A grey literature search was also performed on 28 specialist websites (searches were made in the original language of the webpages and publications in English, Swedish, Danish and Norwegian were eligible) and Google Scholar (search in English). Screening was performed at title/abstract and full-text levels, with machine learning-aided priority screening at title/abstract level. Eligibility criteria encompassed settings, interventions (public policies on sustainable food consumption), target groups and outcomes. No critical appraisal of study validity was conducted. Data coding covered bibliographic details, study characteristics, intervention types and outcomes. Evidence was categorised into intervention types and subcategories. Visual representation utilised bar plots, diagrams, heatmaps and an evidence atlas. This produced a comprehensive overview of effects of public policy interventions on sustainable food consumption patterns.Review findings The evidence base included 227 articles (267 interventions), with 92% of studies in high-income countries and only 4% in low-income countries. Quantitative studies dominated (83%), followed by mixed methods (16%) and qualitative studies (1%). Most interventions were information-based and 50% of reviewed studies looked at labels. Information campaigns/education interventions constituted 10% of the sample, and menu design changes and restriction/editing of choice context 8% each. Market-based interventions represented 13% of total interventions, of which two-thirds were taxes. Administrative interventions were rare (< 1%). Proxies for environmental impact (85%) were more frequent outcome measures than direct impacts (15%). Animal-source food consumption was commonly used (19%) for effects of interventions on, for example, greenhouse gas emissions. Most studies used stated preferences (61%) to evaluate interventions.Conclusions The literature assessing policies for sustainable food consumption is dominated by studies on non-intrusive policy instruments; labels, information campaigns, menu design changes and editing choice contexts. There is a strong need for research on sustainable food policies to leave the lab and enter the real world, which will require support and cooperation of public and private sector stakeholders. Impact evaluations of large-scale interventions require scaling-up of available research funding and stronger multidisciplinary research, including collaborations with industry and other societal actors. Future research in this field should also go beyond the European and North American context, to obtain evidence on how to counteract increasing environmental pressures from food consumption worldwide.
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| 7. |
- Almered Olsson, Gunilla, 1951, et al.
(författare)
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Agribusiness and Green power - the benefits for whom? A case study from Tanzania.
- 2009
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Ingår i: World Congress on Environmental History, Abstract volume. Copenhagen, Denmark, 4-8 August 2009..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Agribusiness and Green power - the benefits for whom? A case study from Tanzania Wilhelm Östberg1 and Gunilla A. Olsson2 1 Department of Human Geography, Stockholm University, SE -106 91 Stockholm, Sweden 2 School of Global Studies, P.O. Box 700, Göteborg University, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden The current excited interest in alternatives to fossil fuel is based on the growing insights of the rapid decrease of the global stores of fossil resources for energy production. This has led to a global race for discovering and developing new energy sources – with the dual goal of using renewable resources and to decrease CO2 emissions. Large-scale plantations of rapid growing crops suitable for processing to ethanol or bio-diesel are established especially in tropical and sub-tropical environments. Land, arable and non-arable, has become an expensive commodity linked to high expectations on conveying wealth and large economic benefits to the involved groups. Investors from all parts of the world are searching for suitable areas that can be transformed to bio-energy plantations. This happens in Tanzania where large-scale plantations of sugar cane for ethanol production for the European market, is under way put in order by a foreign company and with encouragement from the Tanzanian government. The land was sold very cheap by the government with the expectation that this enterprise would contribute to positive economic development for the country. It is stated that the new land use would be very profitable since this dryland is unproductive and deserted by humans. This paper presents a study on the implications for local communities and their possibilities to sustainable development when being involved in the globalised market of the production of biofuel. The current and historical land use in this region based on documents and interviews of local communities is surveyed with specific focus on the resource use in local agro-ecosystems. The influence of the new enterprise with its related activities on the livelihoods and resource needs of local peoples are studied. The production of green biofuels is related to the questions of sustainable development for different societies and at different time and spatial scales.
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| 8. |
- Almered Olsson, Gunilla, 1951
(författare)
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Biofuels in East Africa
- 2009
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Ingår i: Biofuel International Workshop, Summary of presentations. NTNU, Trondheim, 2-5 February, 2009. Department of Chemical Engineering, NTNU..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 9. |
- Brembeck, Helene, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Barn som medforskare av matlandskap. Del 1: Medforskning
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Att ta med barn i forskningsprocessen är undantag snarare än regel i barndomsforskning. Det är även mycket ovanligt när det gäller forskning inom fältet mat och hälsa som domineras av kvantitativa studier. De flesta av dessa studier har folkhälsovetenskapliga eller kostvetenskapliga utgångspunkter där man försöker följa, mäta effekterna av och utvärdera olika interventioner riktade mot barn. Forskarna i BAMM ville inte forska om barn utan med dem. Deras utgångspunkt var barnen och deras intressefokus och frågeställningar. Vad är intressant för dem? Vad har de för kunskaper och vad är de nyfikna på att få veta mer om? Hur tar de reda på mer om det de är intresserade av? Hur sammanställer och presenterar de sin forskning? Hur föreslår och visualiserar de förändringar? Kan barns forskning göra skillnad? För dem? För samhället? Detta metodiska angreppssätt innebar också med nödvändighet en kritik av gängse uppifrån-och-ner-modeller för interventioner riktade mot barn. Fältarbetet bedrevs i två fjärdeklasser med totalt 45 barn på en skola i en av Göteborgs kranskommuner. Medforskarna arbetade i grupper på 7-8, med en eller två av forskarna som handledare. Forskarnas ambition som handledare var att uppmärksamma medforskarnas intressen och önskemål och låta dem leda forskarna runt i sina matlandskap. Det var inte bestämt i detalj hur medforskandet skulle gå till utan forskningssamarbetet fick växa fram tillsammans med barnen. Genom BAMM fick forskarna uppslag för hur barns matmiljöer kan bli mer hälsofrämjande. Det behövs insatser på såväl individ, som skol- och kommunnivå. Utgångspunkten är att barn ska bemötas som individer med resurser att tillföra i ett hälsofrämjande arbete. Det innebär att ta vara på barns erfarenheter och kunskaper och att ge dem möjligheter, både i och utanför skolan, att ta reda på mer om det de är intresserade av. Det är också viktigt att ta matglädje och sinnlighet på allvar och inte minst att ge barn reell möjlighet att vara delaktiga i beslut som fattas rörande deras matlandskap.
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| 10. |
- Brembeck, Helene, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Ju mer vi är tillsammans - fyrtiotalisterna och maten
- 2010
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Mappies, Silvverrävar, det grå guldet, jätteproppen Orvar... Det här är en bok om den stora generationsgruppen fyrtiotalisterna och deras matvanor. Mat betyder alltmer när vi blir äldre, matlagning och måltider är dagens fasta hållpunkter och upptar mer tid av vår vardag än då vi arbetar. Mat är också den del av det svenska hushållets konsumtion som kräver mest energi och belastar miljön mest. Även äldre måste därför äta mer resurssnålt och miljövänligt. God mat och god service, hälsa kvalitet, fritt val, vänner, hållbarhet. En ekvation som inte alltid går ihop. Hur vill generationen egentligen ha det med maten och livet i framtiden? Boken bygger på material som insamlats i samband med projektet ”Den mångdimensionella matkonsumenten” , vid Centrum för komsumtionsvetenskap i Göteborg. Här ges en mer fördjupad och helhetlig bild av några grupper 40-talister och om maten i deras liv. Här överbyggs avståndet mellan mediernas oövervinnerliga äventyrare och vård- och omsorgsforskningen bräckliga, sjuka, utsatta människor i behov av vård, omsorg och beskydd. Boken tar oss med på en matresa från 50-talets Sverige fram till idag. Här växer en bild av generationens matminnen, matens sociala betydelse, hälsa och miljötänkande fram. Berättelserna varvas med tidstypiska recept.
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