| 1. |
- Dribe, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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The Effect of Parental Loss on Social Mobility in Early Twentieth-Century Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: Demography. - : Duke University Press. - 0070-3370 .- 1533-7790. ; 59:3, s. 1093-1115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Parents are assumed to play a crucial role in the socioeconomic attainment of children. Through investments of both time and resources, they promote the ability, human capital, networks, and motivation of their children to advance socially, or at least to maintain their social position. Consequently, losing a parent in childhood could be detrimental to adult socioeconomic outcomes. We use full-count linked census data and a comprehensive death register to study the effect of parental loss on socioeconomic outcomes in adulthood in Sweden during the first half of the twentieth century. We employ sibling fixed-effects models and the Spanish flu as an exogenous mortality shock to assess the importance of endogeneity bias in associations between parental loss and socioeconomic outcomes. Maternal death led to worse socioeconomic outcomes in adulthood in terms of occupational and class attainment, as well as for social mobility. The effects seem to be causal but the magnitudes were small. For paternal death, we find no consistent pattern, and in most models there was no effect on sons’ socioeconomic outcomes. The patterns were similar for sons and daughters and do not support the theory that parental loss had important negative effects on socioeconomic outcomes in adulthood.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Dribe, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Is it who you are or where you live? Community effects on net fertility at the onset of fertility decline: A multilevel analysis using Swedish micro-census data
- 2015
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Ingår i: Population Space and Place. - : Wiley. - 1544-8452 .- 1544-8444. ; online: 15 Oct 2015
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper studies contextual effects on fertility at the onset of fertility decline in Sweden. We argue that the community exerts an influence on fertility when individuals belonging to a certain community are more similar to one another (within-area) in their reproductive behaviour than individuals living in another community (between-area). Our hypotheses are that community had a strong influence in the past but that it decreased over time as more individualistic values grew in importance. We expect that the community exerted a greater impact in the low socioeconomic groups as the elite were less constrained by proximity and, therefore, more exposed to new ideas crossing community borders. Using micro-census data from 1880, 1890, and 1900, we use multilevel analysis to estimate measures of intra-class correlation within areas. We measure net fertility by the number of own children under five living in the household to currently married women with their spouses present. Parish is used as proxy for community. Our results indicate that despite average differences in fertility across parishes, the correlation between individuals belonging to the same community is less than 2.5%, that is, only a negligible share of the number of children observed is attributable to true community effects. Contrary to our expectation, we do not find any substantial change over time. However, as expected, community has a greater impact in the low socioeconomic groups. Our findings suggest that it is who you are rather than where you live which explains fertility behaviour during the initial stages of the transition
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| 4. |
- Dribe, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Korrelations- och regressionsanalys
- 2018
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Ingår i: Metod. Guide för historiska studier. - 9789144107943 ; , s. 213-240
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Molitoris, Joseph, et al.
(författare)
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Industrialization and inequality revisited: Mortality differentials and vulnerability to economic stress in Stockholm, 1878-1926.
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Review of Economic History. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1474-0044 .- 1361-4916. ; 20:2, s. 176-197
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work combines economic and demographic data to examine inequality of living standards in Stockholm at the turn of the twentieth century. Using a longitudinal population register with occupational information, we utilize event-history models to show that despite absolute decreases in mortality, relative differences between socioeconomic groups remained virtually constant. The results also show that child mortality continued to be sensitive to short-term fluctuations in wages and that there were no socioeconomic differences in this response. We argue that the persistent inequality in living standards was possibly due to differences in residential patterns and nutrition.
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| 7. |
- Molitoris, Joseph, et al.
(författare)
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Ready to stop: Socioeconomic status and the fertility transition in Stockholm, 1878-1926
- 2016
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Ingår i: Economic History Review. - : Wiley. - 1468-0289 .- 0013-0117. ; 69:2, s. 679-704
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The western fertility decline is arguably the most significant demographic change to have occurred in the past 200 years, yet its causes and processes are still shrouded in ambiguity due to a lack of individual-level longitudinal data. A growing body of research has helped improve our understanding of the decline's causes by examining the development of socioeconomic differences in fertility using historical micro-data, but these have largely only considered rural areas where fertility was generally slower to decline. This article contributes to the literature by utilizing individual-level data from the Roteman Database for Stockholm, Sweden between 1878 and 1926 to examine the association of socioeconomic status and fertility and the adoption of stopping behaviour during the city's transition. Using piecewise constant hazard models and logistic regression, we find that a clear class pattern arises in which the elite were early practitioners of fertility control, followed by the working classes. As the transition unfolded, socioeconomic differences in stopping behaviour disappeared and overall fertility differentials were also minimized, both of them being consistent with patterns observed in rural populations. The implications of these findings for major explanations of the decline are discussed in the concluding section.
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| 8. |
- Dribe, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Age Homogamy, Gender, and Earnings : Sweden 1990-2009
- 2017
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Ingår i: Social Forces. - : Oxford University Press. - 0037-7732 .- 1534-7605. ; 96:1, s. 239-263
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research has shown considerable marriage premiums in earnings for men, but often penalties for women of being in a union. In this study we extend this research by analyzing how the age difference between spouses affects the earnings profiles by gender. As we follow people over time in advance as well as within their marriage, we can separate premarital from postmarital earnings movements. The data consist of information on annual earnings 1990-2009 for all Swedes born 1960-1974 (N = 926,219). The results indicate that age homogamy is related to higher earnings for both men and women, and that larger age differences are generally associated with lower union premiums, quite independently of which spouse is older. However, most of these results are explained by assortative mating, in which men and women with greater earnings potentials find partners of a similar age. Overall, the age difference between spouses seems to have a limited causal effect, if any, on individual earnings.
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| 9. |
- Allen, Robert A, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction to Living Standards in the Past
- 2005
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Ingår i: Living Standards in the Past : New Perspectives on Well-being in Asia and Europe - New Perspectives on Well-being in Asia and Europe. - : Oxford University PressOxford. - 0199280681 ; , s. 1-22
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the introduction, different contributions are brought together in an analysis of pre-industrial living standards in East and West, viewed in the light of the general debate on these issues from the classical economists to present times. The general picture emerging is not one of great divergence, but instead one of considerable similarities. Regional differences within Europe or Asia were often larger than the average differences between them.
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| 10. |
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