| 1. |
- Labbas, Elisa, et al.
(författare)
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Unpaid care for parents, coresidence, and psychological well-being among older working-age men and women across Europe
- 2022
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Given population aging and the emphasis on in-home care, more working-age adults face demands of providing unpaid care to the elderly with potential implications for their wellbeing. Such effects likely vary across Europe because care is differently organized with more or less public support, dependence on family, and orientation toward gender equality. We studied the relationship between unpaid caregiving to elderly parents and psychological wellbeing of older working-age (50-64) men and women in a pan-European context analysing data from the Survey of Health, Retirement, and Ageing in Europe (SHARE), covering 18 countries between 2004 and 2020 (N=24,338) and estimating ordinary least squares and fixed effects models. We examined depression and quality of life by caregiving intensity and tested whether coresidence mediated outcomes. Women and men who provide care to parents experience important psychological well-being losses across Europe, especially when caregiving is intensive. A heavier caregiving burden associated with coresidence explains a regime gradient in depression, not least for women in Southern Europe. Outcomes depend on context rather than objective burden of care because even women in the Nordic countries experience increased risk of depression associated with caregiving. Results highlight spillover costs of unpaid caregiving across Europe and the need to address caregiver psychological well-being, especially in contexts where state support for elderly care is low and coresidence is common.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Karlsson, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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Risk Preferences and Gender Differences in Union Membership in Late Nineteenth-Century Swedish Manufacturing
- 2018
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Ingår i: Feminist Economics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1354-5701 .- 1466-4372. ; 24:1, s. 114-141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Women are generally seen as less inclined to join trade unions. This study matches firm–worker data from the Swedish cigar and printing industries around 1900 and examines information on men and women holding the same jobs; such data are rare but important for understanding gender gaps. The results explain the gender gap in union membership among compositors, but not among cigar workers. Differences in union membership varied considerably across firms, with the largest differences found in low-union-density cigar firms where indirect costs (that is, uncertainty and risk) accrued in particular to women workers. The lack of gender differences in mutual aid membership indicates that women were not hard to organize but avoided organizations associated with greater risk for employer retaliation and uncertain returns according to a cost–benefit analysis.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Eeckhaut, Mieke, et al.
(författare)
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Educational assortative mating and income differentiation across Europe
- 2019
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Demographic explanations for the rise in household income inequality include increased educational assortative mating (EAM) and changes in the division of paid labour within families. Building on this research, the current study focuses on the connected nature of these two inequality-producing mechanisms, while at the same time bridging the divide with the economic literature on the role of income differentiation. Using data from the 2004-2008 EU-SILC, we consider variation across Europe in the disequalising effect of EAM and relate these patterns to the general characteristics of welfare state regimes, focusing on the degree of gender equality and income differentiation. First, we document large educational differentials in men's and women's income in Eastern Europe, and smaller differentials in Anglo-Saxon, Continental and, especially, Northern Europe. Next, we find that this variation in gender equality and income differentiation parallels variation in the potential contribution of EAM to household income inequality. While all countries display larger educational differentials in household income under the scenario of absolute educational homogamy, the biggest differences are found in Eastern Europe, and the smallest differences in the Nordics. These results suggest that EAM is less disequalising in countries with more gender equality and support for equal opportunities.
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| 6. |
- Pailhé, Ariane, et al.
(författare)
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The Great Convergence? Gender and Unpaid Work in Europe and the United States
- 2020
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Over the past decades, men’s and women’s time use has changed dramatically suggesting a gender revolution across industrialized nations. Women increased their time in paid work and reduced time in unpaid activities. Men increased their time in unpaid work, but not enough to compensate. Thus, women still perform more unpaid work irrespective of context. We investigate developments regarding men’s and women’s unpaid work across Europe and the United States, using time diary data from the mid-1980s and onwards. We find evidence for gender convergence in unpaid work over time, but different trends for housework and childcare. Gender convergence in housework was primarily a result from women reducing their time, whereas childcare time increased for both genders only supporting convergence in contexts where men changed more than women. Decomposition analyses show that trends in housework and childcare are generally explained by changes in behaviour rather than compositional changes in population characteristics.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Bergvall, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Documenting Determinants of the Divorce Transition. Micro-Level Evidence from Sweden 1905–1967
- 2022
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Divorce increased dramatically during the twentieth century across the western world. There is surprisingly little research on the determinants of divorce during this transition. We investigate micro-level sociodemographic determinants of divorce in Sweden 1922–1967 using longitudinal data at individual and household level from southern Sweden, focusing on the associations between divorce and women’s economic independence, household socioeconomic status (SES), and the presence of children in the household. Results suggest that greater equality along class and gender lines changed the returns to marriage and enabled more people to divorce. Thus, divorce risks increased though divorce was still a rare event. Already in a low divorce context, women’s economic independence was positively related to divorce and this relationship became stronger over time. As for household SES, a negative gradient in divorce risks emerged as divorce spread to the broader layers of the population. Like today, the presence of dependent children in the household was associated with lower divorce risks. We can document that the primary explanations of divorce in modern contexts are also valid for historical divorce. Women’s economic independence was key to the divorce transition although their economic roles were much different from men’s during this period.
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| 9. |
- Bergvall, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Documenting Determinants of the Divorce Transition. Micro-Level Evidence from Sweden 1905–1967
- 2022
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Divorce increased dramatically during the twentieth century across the western world. There is surprisingly little research on the determinants of divorce during this transition. We investigate micro-level sociodemographic determinants of divorce in Sweden 1922–1967 using longitudinal data at individual and household level from southern Sweden, focusing on the associations between divorce and women’s economic independence, household socioeconomic status (SES), and the presence of children in the household. Results suggest that greater equality along class and gender lines changed the returns to marriage and enabled more people to divorce. Thus, divorce risks increased though divorce was still a rare event. Already in a low divorce context, women’s economic independence was positively related to divorce and this relationship became stronger over time. As for household SES, a negative gradient in divorce risks emerged as divorce spread to the broader layers of the population. Like today, the presence of dependent children in the household was associated with lower divorce risks. We can document that the primary explanations of divorce in modern contexts are also valid for historical divorce. Women’s economic independence was key to the divorce transition although their economic roles were much different from men’s during this period.
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| 10. |
- Bergvall, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Intergenerational Transmission of Divorce in Sweden, 1905-2015
- 2022
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Many studies demonstrate an intergenerational transmission of divorce (ITD). Most research is, however, limited to modern periods (i.e., more recent decades) and little is known about whether this relationship is deeply rooted or whether it has changed over time. Explanations, including sociodemographic and interpersonal factors, have been offered as links between parental divorce and offspring’s marriage stability. We use individual-level longitudinal data to estimate the ITD among first marriages in Sweden in 1905–2015. We investigate the association between parental divorce and own divorce during the transition from a low to a high divorce regime. Controlling for demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, we find stability in ITD over time, and see that divorce risks are highest when either the wife or both spouses have experienced parental divorce. The transmission has been stronger and more stable for women than for men over time. Results from a period spanning more than a century indicate that ITD is part of the transition from low to high divorce rates and highlight the role of female independence in this process.
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