| 1. |
- Badia-Miró, Marc, et al.
(author)
-
Behind copper prices: a historical perspective 1850 - 1950
- 2019
-
Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Commodity prices and their secular trends are at the core of many different development theories, particularly relevant for the Latin American region, like the Prebisch-Singer hypothesis, the natural resource curse theory or the somehow malthusian scarcity prediction. In this article we review the international copper price indices available in the literature and we compare them with a new data set, elaborated from the Official Foreign Trade statistics of one of the main copper producers (Chile) This data has included information on value added and several price/volume indicators allowing to elaborate a more accurate copper price estimation in the long run. This information will enhance our knowledge on commodity prices, mineral trends and structural change.
|
|
| 2. |
- Bengtsson, Erik, et al.
(author)
-
Capital Shares and Income Inequality: Evidence from the Long Run
- 2016
-
Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This paper investigates the relationship between the capital share in national income and personal income inequality over the long run. Using a new historical cross-country database on capital shares in 19 countries and data from the World Wealth and Income Database, we find strong long-run links between the aggregate role of capital in the economy and the size distribution of income. Over time, this dependence varies; it was strong both before the Second World War and in the early interwar era, but has grown to its highest levels in the period since 1980. The correlation is particularly strong in Anglo-Saxon and Nordic countries, in the very top of the distribution and when we only consider top capital incomes. Replacing top income shares with a broader measure of inequality (Gini coefficient), the positive relationship remains but becomes somewhat weaker.
|
|
| 3. |
- Bengtsson, Tommy, et al.
(author)
-
The Long Lasting Influenza: The Impact of Fetal Stress during the 1918 Influenza Pandemic on Socioeconomic Attainment and Health in Sweden 1968-2012
- 2015
-
Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The observation in the 1940s, that children to mothers having rubella in the first part of the pregnancy experienced elevated health risks in later life led to a growing interest into whether fetal exposure to other – less severe – diseases could cause health problems as well. Epidemiological studies of the fetal origins of later life health that followed found that, while this indeed was the case, the effect was rather modest. A frequent weakness with many of these studies is furthermore that they only demonstrate associations, not causal relationships. Recent studies by economists and demographers, using quasi-experimental design to overcome this weakness, show that fetal conditions not only affect health in later life but also education and socioeconomic attainment. There is, however, a lack of consistency in the results. While some are showing strong effects, others show weak or no effects at all. Whether this is due to omitted variables, such as the socioeconomic status of parents or data quality problems is unclear. Thus, the question remains: does fetal stress caused by less severe diseases such as influenza, have long lasting impact on health and socioeconomic attainment? In this study we use a quasi-experimental design to test whether exposure to the 1918 influenza pandemic during the fetal stage influenced later life attainment using detailed data on the entire population living in Sweden anytime between 1968 and 2012. In addition, we use rich contextual data on morbidity and mortality, as well as on the socioeconomic status of parents, for the period 1914 to 1922 in order to address issues of selection. We find that the children of mothers exposed during pregnancy to influenza suffered from worse adult health and, for males, also increased mortality at old ages, particularly in cancer. Their income attainment was, however, only weakly – and positively - affected by fetal influenza exposure. We therefore conclude that observed health disadvantage is likely to have been a direct effect of fetal exposure to the 1918 influenza pandemic, remaining latent until later in life.
|
|
| 4. |
- Bergh, Andreas, et al.
(author)
-
More Open – Better Governed? Evidence from High- and Low-income Countries
- 2013
-
Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Using World Bank data on institutional quality and the KOF Globalization Index, we examine over 100 countries from 1992 to 2010 to analyze the relationship between economic and social globalization and six measures of institutional quality. Theoretically, the incentives of elites to respond to globalization by improving institutions should differ between low-income and high-income countries. Empirically, increasing economic flows and social globalization are followed by improving institutions in rich countries, while the effect is the opposite for low-income countries. Previous findings of positive effects of trade on institutional quality are likely driven by rich countries.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Haberfeld, Yitchak, 1951, et al.
(author)
-
Economic assimilation of immigrants arriving from highly developed countries: The case of German immigrants in Sweden and the US : IFAU Working paper 2017:26
- 2017
-
Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Migration across well-developed countries has been overlooked in the immigration literature. The present study is designed to evaluate the interplay between the effects of host countries' characteristics and self-selection patterns of immigrants from a highly developed country on their economic assimilation in other developed countries. We focus on immigrants originated from Germany during 1990–2000 who migrated to Sweden and the US. We use the 5 percent 2000 Public Use Microdata files (PUMS) of the US census and a pooled file of the 2005–2007 American Community Survey, and the 2000 and 2006 Swedish Registers. We analyze eight groups of German immigrants – by country of destination (the US/ Sweden), gender, and skill level (with/without an academic degree). The results show that almost all German immigrants reached full earnings assimilation with natives of similar observed attributes, and that the assimilation of highly skilled Germans was better than that of the low skilled. We also found that the skilled immigrants were compensated for their human capital acquired in Germany prior to their migration. Finally, we find that despite higher educational levels of the Germans that headed to Sweden, the better assimilation of German immigrants, especially the highly educated, took place in the US. The better assimilation of Germans in the US was probably the result of an interaction between the Germans’ pattern of self-selection (mainly on unobserved attributes) and the US context of reception – mainly higher returns on their observed human capital in the US.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Niclas, Berggren, et al.
(author)
-
Globalization and the Transmission of Social Values: The Case of Tolerance
- 2014
-
Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Tolerance – respecting those who are different – is arguably of particular importance in an era of globalization, where a potential for economic, social and personal development is increasingly a function of interaction with others different from oneself. We investigate whether globalization induces parents to want to instill tolerance in their children, the main idea being that this would equip the latter for greater success in a more integrated world. We indeed find, using a willingness-to-teach-kids-tolerance measure, that globalization enhances the willingness to transmit such social values. More precisely, economic and social, but not political, globalization has this effect, as shown by using the KOF Index of Globalization in cross-sectional and panel-data regression analyses of up to 66 countries. Addressing potential endogeneity concerns using an instrumental variables approach moreover suggests these relationships to be causal. Overall, our results confirm that certain kinds of globalization seem able to shape values in ways considered desirable by many.
|
|
| 9. |
- Nilsson, Therese, et al.
(author)
-
Globalization and Child Health in Developing Countries: The Role of Democracy
- 2014
-
Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Good health is crucial for human and economic development. In particular poor health in childhood seems to be of utmost concern since it causes irreversible damage and have implications later in life. Recent research suggests globalization is a strong force affecting adult and child health outcomes. Yet, there is much unexplained variation with respect to the globalization eect on child health, in particular in low- and middle-income countries. One factor that could explain such variation across countries is the quality of democracy. Using panel data for 70 developing countries between 1970 and 2009 this paper disentangles the relationship between globalization, democracy, and child health. Specically the paper examines how globalization and a country's democratic status and historical experience with democracy, respectively, aect infant mortality. In line with previous economic research, results suggest that globalization reduces infant mortality and that the level of democracy in a country generally improves child health outcomes. We also nd that democracy matters for the size of the globalization eect on child health. If e.g. Cote d'Ivoire was a democracy in the 2000-2009 period, this effect would translate into 1,200 fewer infant deaths in an average year compared to the situation without democracy.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
