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| 2. |
- Karlsson, Tobias, et al.
(author)
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Risk Preferences and Gender Differences in Union Membership in Late Nineteenth-Century Swedish Manufacturing
- 2018
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In: Feminist Economics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1354-5701 .- 1466-4372. ; 24:1, s. 114-141
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Women are generally seen as less inclined to join trade unions. This study matches firm–worker data from the Swedish cigar and printing industries around 1900 and examines information on men and women holding the same jobs; such data are rare but important for understanding gender gaps. The results explain the gender gap in union membership among compositors, but not among cigar workers. Differences in union membership varied considerably across firms, with the largest differences found in low-union-density cigar firms where indirect costs (that is, uncertainty and risk) accrued in particular to women workers. The lack of gender differences in mutual aid membership indicates that women were not hard to organize but avoided organizations associated with greater risk for employer retaliation and uncertain returns according to a cost–benefit analysis.
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- Bátiz-Lazo, Bernardo, et al.
(author)
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The Origins of the Cashless Society: Cash Dispensers, Direct to Account Payments and the Development of On-Line Real-Time Networks, C. 1965-1985
- 2014
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In: Essays in Economic & Business History. - 0896-226X. ; 32
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article explores the technological choices made at the dawn of the massification of retail finance. We describe and analyze the early development of electronic banking and the foundations of the cashless society through the experiences of organizations with similar governance in two different competitive environments — Swedish and British savings banks. We document how the adoption of direct-to-account wage deposits and the subsequent deployment of networks of cash dispensers interacted with the adoption of on-line real-time (OLRT) computing, and distinguish on-line and OLRT communication as distinct stages in the evolution of computer networks. We emphasize the role of middle managers in the selection of alternative technologies and show how delivering a cashless society proved more difficult than anticipated.
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| 4. |
- Bengtsson, Erik, et al.
(author)
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What we know and what we don't know about Swedish labor market history : Reflections on Spelets Regler
- 2017
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In: Essays in Economic & Business History. - 0896-226X. ; 35:1, s. 15-36
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper we reflect upon the state of Swedish labor market history by using Christer Lundh’s synthesis Spelets regler as a point of departure. In particular, we discuss three main themes: (1) the relationship between economic structures and institutions, (2) power and income distribution, and (3) flexibility and segmentation. In future research we would like to see stronger empirical evidence of links between structural and institutional changes, more elaborated studies of the effects of institutional change on the functional distribution of incomes and increased awareness of how patterns of segmentation and flexibility strategies have evolved over time.
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| 5. |
- Enflo, Kerstin, et al.
(author)
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From Conflict to Compromise : The importance of mediation in Swedish work stoppages 1907-1927
- 2018
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Institutions for prevention and resolution of labor market conflicts were introduced all over the world in the early twentieth century. In this paper we analyze the impact of mediation on compromise outcomes in Swedish labor market conflicts, using a dataset of geo-coded strikes and lockouts from 1907 to 1927. Causality is identified by using the distance from the mediator's residence to the conflict as an instrument. Despite their limited authority and access to economic resources, the presence of mediators in a conflict resulted in about 30 per cent higher probability of a compromise outcome. Mediation was more likely to work as intended in settings where conflicting parties recognized each other and struggled over a prize that could be divided. The results suggest that mediation could have paved the way for a cooperative atmosphere in local labor markets. At the national level such an atmosphere was clearly manifested in the General Agreement in 1938 and with the rise of the Swedish Model.
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| 6. |
- Enflo, Kerstin, et al.
(author)
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From conflict to compromise: The importance of mediation in Swedish work stoppages 1907-1927
- 2019
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In: European Review of Economic History. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1474-0044 .- 1361-4916. ; 23:3, s. 268-298
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Institutions for prevention and resolution of industrial conflicts were introduced all over the world in the early twentieth century. We use a new dataset of geocoded strikes and lockouts to analyze the impact of mediation on conflict outcomes in Sweden for the period 1907–1927. Causality is identified by using the distance from the mediator’s place of residence to the conflict as an instrument. Despite the mediators’ limited authority we find that their involvement in a conflict resulted in about 30 percent higher probability of a compromise. The results add support to institutionalist accounts of the origins of the Swedish Model.
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| 8. |
- Håkansson, Peter, et al.
(author)
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På spaning efter springpojken : Ungdomsjobb och sociala nätverk vid sekelskiftet 1900
- 2018
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In: Historisk Tidskrift. - 0345-469X. ; 138:1, s. 33-62
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Searching for the errand boy: Youth jobs and social networks at the turn of the nineteenth centuryDuring the decades around 1900 increasing numbers of young men and women in Sweden worked as errand boys and girls. There are diverging ideas in the literature of what these jobs actually meant. Some scholars regard them as the starting point of a future career, others as ”dead-end jobs”. This article investigates and discusses the errand boy job with regard to recruitment and career prospects. Drawing on theories of social capital and social networks, we analyze three volumes of workers’ memories published by the Nordic Museum, namely: workers in commerce, municipal workers and workers in the woodworking industry. The informants in our sample typically entered the labour market in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Our study reveals the diversity of experiences of young people in the labour market. We find examples of family-based recruitment (strong ties) among municipal workers and in the woodworking industry, but not among commercial workers. Compared to apprenticeships, young men could be attracted to working as errand boys by higher wages. The errand boy job content could include learning and we find examples of mobility into and from apprenticeships. In the studied setting, the position as errand boy was hardly a dead-end job. The reviewed evidence instead suggests that errand boys could form networks that were useful in their future careers.
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