| 1. |
- Qi, Haodong, et al.
(author)
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Extending Working Life : Experiences from Sweden, 1981–2011
- 2019
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In: Vienna Yearbook of Population Research. - : Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. - 1728-4414 .- 1728-5305. ; 17, s. 99-120
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Population ageing is making it increasingly difficult for countries to sustain theircurrent levels social welfare transfers from the economically active populationto the dependent elderly. To meet this challenge, the Swedish government hasimplemented various reforms since the 1990s aimed at reducing incentives totake early retirement. However, a critical question has emerged in response tothese reforms: namely, whether members of certain socially and demographicallydisadvantaged groups will, in practice, be able to work longer. This paper providesa detailed overview of retirement trends in Sweden, disaggregated by educationalattainment, health status, and country of birth. Our results show that the growthpattern in the average effective retirement age since the mid-1990s was shared byindividuals regardless of their educational level, health status, or country of birth.This shared growth pattern suggests that it is possible to extend the working livesof all groups of individuals, regardless of their socio-economic and demographiccharacteristics.
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| 2. |
- Rooth, Dan-Olof, et al.
(author)
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Three Generations in the New World. Labor Market Outcomes of Swedish Americans in the United States, 1880-2000
- 2012
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In: Scandinavian Economic History Review. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0358-5522 .- 1750-2837. ; 60:1, s. 31-49
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Roughly one million Swedes emigrated to the USA between 1870 and 1920. These emigrants gave rise to over four million individuals with a Swedish ancestry currently living in the USA. This study shows that Swedes have maintained the geographic concentrations chosen by their parents and grandparents. Also, Swedish migrants were on average less educated than the US-born white population, yet their descendants tended to be relatively better educated. The statistical analysis of the data shows that Swedish-born men had lower, and women much lower, earnings than the native born. However, this position was not carried over to the subsequent generations who performed similar to natives with similar characteristics.
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| 3. |
- Scott, Kirk, et al.
(author)
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Repeat Immigration: A Previously Unobserved Source of Heterogeneity?
- 2017
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1651-1905 .- 1403-4948. ; 45:Suppl 17, s. 25-29
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AIMS:Register data allow for nuanced analyses of heterogeneities between sub-groups which are not observable in other data sources. One heterogeneity for which register data is particularly useful is in identifying unique migration histories of immigrant populations, a group of interest across disciplines. Years since migration is a commonly used measure of integration in studies seeking to understand the outcomes of immigrants. This study constructs detailed migration histories to test whether misclassified migrations may mask important heterogeneities. In doing so, we identify a previously understudied group of migrants called repeat immigrants, and show that they differ systematically from permanent immigrants. In addition, we quantify the degree to which migration information is misreported in the registers.METHOD:The analysis is carried out in two steps. First, we estimate income trajectories for repeat immigrants and permanent immigrants to understand the degree to which they differ. Second, we test data validity by cross-referencing migration information with changes in income to determine whether there are inconsistencies indicating misreporting.RESULTS:From the first part of the analysis, the results indicate that repeat immigrants systematically differ from permanent immigrants in terms of income trajectories. Furthermore, income trajectories differ based on the way in which years since migration is calculated. The second part of the analysis suggests that misreported migration events, while present, are negligible.CONCLUSIONS:Repeat immigrants differ in terms of income trajectories, and may differ in terms of other outcomes as well. Furthermore, this study underlines that Swedish registers provide a reliable data source to analyze groups which are unidentifiable in other data sources.
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| 4. |
- Aradhya, Siddartha, et al.
(author)
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Father’s Repeat Migration and Children’s Educational Performance
- 2019
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In: International Migration Review. - : SAGE Publications. - 0197-9183 .- 1747-7379. ; 53:1, s. 154-182
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Repeat migration is a common, but unstudied, pattern of migration. This study examines the potential intergenerational consequences of this behavior. To investigate this, we estimate the effect of fathers’ repeat migration on their children’s grade point averages using population-level register data from Sweden. We find that the children of fathers who repeat migrate have a significantly lower grade point average, even after controlling for individual and family characteristics, than children of permanent migrants. Results suggest selection and delayed integration may exert negative pressure on the GPA of children of repeat migrants.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Bengtsson, Tommy, et al.
(author)
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The Ageing Population
- 2010
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In: Population Ageing - A Threat to the Welfare State? The Case of Sweden. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 9783642126116 ; , s. 7-22
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Book chapter (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- The process of population ageing that has been occurring in Sweden can be expected to continue during the coming decades, the population pyramid will become increasingly rectangular, and possibly even demonstrating a shrinking base. This will lead to increasing challenges in terms of financing pensions, elderly care and healtcare. These problems will continue for at least 30 years with no demographic solutions available. Immigration is not likely to offset population ageing to any larger degree, and even dramatic increases in fertility reates would take 25-30 years to have any positive effect. Since increasing tax rates seems unlikely, the most viable solution lies in an expansion of the workforce and the resulting increase of the tax base. If we rely solely on increasing the retirement age to provide the increased hours worked, we would need to raise the minimum retirement age by roughly 5 years until 2050. While this might be possible, it is more likely that the solution lies not in this or any other single measure but in a combination thereof. However, expanding hours worked not only requires incentives but also job opportunities. Thus the policy should aim not only at expanding the labour supply but also labour demand.
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| 7. |
- Bengtsson, Tommy, et al.
(author)
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The Ageing Population
- 2010
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In: Population Ageing - A Threat to the Welfare State? : The Case of Sweden - The Case of Sweden. - 9783642126116 ; , s. 7-22
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Bengtsson, Tommy, et al.
(author)
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World population in historcal perspective
- 2013
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In: The SAGE Handbook on Aging, Work and Society. - 1 Oliver's Yard, 55 City Road, London EC1Y 1SP United Kingdom : SAGE Publications Ltd. - 9781446207826 ; , s. 23-40
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 10. |
- Dekhtyar, Serhiy, et al.
(author)
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A Life-Course Study of Cognitive Reserve in Dementia-From Childhood to Old Age.
- 2015
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In: The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 1545-7214 .- 1064-7481. ; 23:9, s. 885-896
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective To test a life-course model of cognitive reserve in dementia and examine if school grades around age 10 years, formal educational attainment, and lifetime occupational complexity affect the risk of dementia in old age. Methods 7,574 men and women from the Uppsala Birth Cohort Multigenerational Study were followed for 21 years. Information on school performance, formal education, and occupational attainment was collected prospectively from elementary school archives and population censuses. Dementia diagnosis was extracted from the two Swedish registers. Discrete-time Cox proportional hazard models were estimated. Results Dementia was diagnosed in 950 individuals (12.5%). Dementia risk was lower among individuals with higher childhood school grades (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.68 to 0.93) and was lower among individuals in data-complex occupations (HR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.64 to 0.92). Professional/university education predicted lower risk of dementia in minimally adjusted models (HR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.60 to 0.91), although the effect faded with adjustment for occupational complexity. Lowest risk was found in the group with both higher childhood school performance and high occupational complexity with data (HR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.75). Importantly, high occupational complexity could not compensate for the effect of low childhood grades. In contrast, dementia risk was reduced in those with higher school grades, irrespective of occupational complexity. Conclusion Higher childhood school performance is protective of dementia risk, particularly when preserved through complex work environments in adulthood, although it will remain protective even in the absence of later-life educational or occupational stimulation.
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