| 1. |
- Ahlin, Åsa, 1970-
(författare)
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Compulsory Schooling in a Decentralized Setting: Studies of the Swedish Case
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Essay 1 (with Eva Johansson) investigates the demand for local public schooling using survey data, a method previously never applied to Sweden. Estimating a demand specification corresponding to that in U.S. studies, more elastic demand than in the U.S. is found. In an alternative specification, a more inelastic demand is indicated, in line with earlier findings on demand for total local spending in Sweden. Support for the hypothesis that municipal employees tend to have higher preferences for local public school spending than other employees is found. The differences in elasticities are, however, not statistically significant.Essay 2 investigates school competition and its implications for student performance. Using a value added specification, increased local school competition is shown to have positive effects on average performance in mathematics, but no significant effects in English or Swedish test performance. Immigrant pupils and those in need of special education tend to gain more from increased school competition, while adverse effects on students from low education families are found in terms of English and Swedish performance. Quantile regressions indicate homogeneous effects on low and high performing students.Essay 3 (with Eva Mörk) investigates the extent to which grants, local tax base, preferences and structural characteristics affected local school resources in connection with the decentralization of compulsory schooling in Sweden, using municipal panel data covering 1989-1995. The main arguments against decentralization are not supported by our findings. First, school spending as well as teacher density is found to be more equally distributed across municipalities following decentralization. Second, local tax capacity is not found to influence local school resources more in the decentralized than in the centralized regime. Furthermore, targeted grants have a significant impact on resources while general grants have not.Essay 4 examines teacher mobility in Sweden. Particular attention is paid to the role of working conditions. Various school attributes are used to proxy for teachers’ working conditions, including the average student performance, school resources and student composition. The results indicate a link, in the expected direction, between school attributes and the probability that a teacher will leave her teaching position in favour of another school. Also, teachers with higher wages tend to have a lower propensity of leaving their school. In contrast to previous US findings, the estimated impact of wages are not sensitive to whether or not controls for school attributes are included.
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| 2. |
- Aronsson, Thomas, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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On environmental taxation under uncertain environmental damage
- 2003
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Ingår i: Environmental and Resource Economics. - : Springer. - 0924-6460 .- 1573-1502. ; 24:2, s. 183-196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper addresses optimal taxation, when therelationship between the consumption of a`dirty' good and the resulting environmentaldamage is uncertain and treated as a randomvariable by policy makers. The main purpose isto analyze how increased uncertainty, measuredas a mean preserving increase in the spread ofthis random variable, affects the optimalcommodity tax on the dirty consumption good. Incase the only task of government is to correctthe environmental externality, and if thepreferences are characterized by nondecreasingabsolute risk aversion, we find that thecommodity tax on the dirty consumption goodincreases in response to additionaluncertainty. If, on the other hand, thegovernment provides a public good and uses alump-sum tax in addition to the commodity tax,it is possible that the commodity tax decreasesas a response to additional uncertainty, evenif the preferences are characterized bynondecreasing absolute risk aversion. A similarresult emerges, although for different reasons,if the lump-sum tax is replaced by a laborincome tax.
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| 3. |
- Aronsson, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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On environmental taxation under uncertainty
- 1999
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper addresses optimal taxation, when the relationship between consumption and environmental damage is uncertain and treated as a random variable by policy makers. The main purpose is to analyze how additional uncertainty about this relationship affects the optimal unit tax on the consumption good that is causing environmental damage. We find that the optimal response to this tax depends on (i) the attitudes towards risk and (ii) how other policy instruments affect the demand for the good that is causing damage to the environment.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Aronsson, Thomas, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Optimal taxation, global externalities and Labor mobility
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Public Economics. - : Elsevier. - 0047-2727 .- 1879-2316. ; 87:12, s. 2749-2764
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper concerns transboundary environmental problems in the context of an optimal tax model. We assume that part of the labor force is mobile across countries, and that the set of tax instruments includes a nonlinear income tax and a commodity tax on the ‘dirty’ good that is causing damage to the environment. The purpose is to compare the (globally optimal) second best policy of a cooperative equilibrium with the policy implicit in a noncooperative equilibrium. We show that the commodity taxes differ between equilibria because of: (i) transboundary externalities not internalized by national governments, (ii) interaction effects between environmental and other policies, and (iii) labor mobility.
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| 6. |
- Aronsson, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Optimal Taxation, Global Externalities and Labor Mobility
- 2000
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper addresses transboundary environmental problems in the context of an optimal tax problem, when part of the labor force is mobile across countries. The policy instruments include both commodity taxation and nonlinear income taxation. We show how
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| 7. |
- Aronsson, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Optimal taxation, global externalities and labor mobility
- 2000
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper addresses transboundary environmental problems in the context of an optimal tax problem, when part of the labor force is mobile across countries. The policy instruments include both commodity taxation and nonlinear income taxation. We show how the tax policy in a noncooperative equilibrium differs from that corresponding to a cooperative equilibrium. The results also indicate how a ’global policy maker’ must act in order to make the national policy makers replicate the cooperative equilibrium.
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| 8. |
- Aronsson, Thomas, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Redistribution and provision of public goods in an economic federation
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Public Economic Theory. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1097-3923 .- 1467-9779. ; 10:1, s. 125-143
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper concerns redistribution and public good provision in an economic federation with two levels of government: a local government in each locality and a (first mover) central government. Each locality is characterized by two ability-types, and the ability-distribution differs across localities. The central government redistributes via a nonlinear income tax and a lump-sum transfer to each local government, while the local governments use proportional income taxes and provide local public goods. We show how the redistributive role of taxation is combined with a corrective role, and how the central government can implement the second best resource allocation.
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