| 1. |
- Pärnamets, Philip, et al.
(författare)
-
Inconsistencies in repeated refugee status decisions
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Behavioral Decision Making. - : Wiley. - 1099-0771 .- 0894-3257. ; 33:5, s. 569-578
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Consistency in civil servant decisions is paramount to upholding judicial equality for citizens and individuals seeking safety through governmental intervention. We investigated refugee status decisions made by a sample of civil servants at the Swedish Migration Agency. We hypothesized, based on the emotional demands such decisions bring with them, that participants would exhibit a compassion fade effect such that refugee status was less likely to be granted over time. To test this, we administered a questionnaire containing brief presentations of asylum seekers and asked participants to judge how likely they would be to give refugee status to the person. Crucially the first, middle, and final case presented were matched on decision relevant characteristics. Consistent with our hypothesis, we saw a significant decline in ratings. These effects were accentuated by the amount of time a participant had worked at the agency, consistent with depletion of affective resources, and attenuated in workers with greater responsibility and additional training. We conclude that active regulation of empathic and affective responses to asylum seekers may play a role in determining the outcome in refugee status decisions.
|
|
| 2. |
- Axelsson, Anton, 1981-
(författare)
-
Knowledge elicitation as abstraction of purposive behaviour
- 2019
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Researchers use knowledge elicitation methods to document expert knowledge for the primary purpose of understanding cognitive processes and with this understanding, technical solutions to resolve human factors issues can be produced. This dissertation offers a novel perspective on knowledge elicitation as an abstraction process. Such a theoretical framework has emerged by consolidating the ecological approach of Brunswikian psychology with the ideas of tacit and personal knowledge of Polanyian epistemology. Traditionally, knowledge elicitation has been considered an extraction process in which knowledge can be readily transferred from one individual to another. Here, this traditional position is rejected in favour of Polanyi’s premise that much of the knowledge individuals possess is tacit in nature, which implies that it cannot be documented easily, expressed in explicit form or explained. In this dissertation, knowledge is characterised as a personal process of knowing, highlighting context as a subjective knowledge structure of personal experiences that is formulated implicitly and indirectly over time through a dynamic interaction with the environment. Therefore, tacit knowledge cannot be articulated or shared; however, learners can be inspired by observing other individuals' purposive (i.e., goal-directed) behaviours and thus shape their own tacit knowledge once they practise the observed skills and develop conceptual understanding through reasoning about the learning process. Knowledge elicitation thereby makes use of observations, questions, or more structured process tracing methods in environments familiar to the observed individuals to elicit purposive behaviour from them. Accordingly, functional descriptions can be produced in this process that further conceptual understanding of a particular domain. Knowledge elicitation procedures are a powerful set of methods for reaching such functional descriptions. Moreover, by understanding the resulting knowledge elicitation data as an abstraction derived from multiple collection points in the same environment, the focus shifts from purely subjective mental constructs to the impact of environmental constraints.
|
|
| 3. |
- Wallin, Annika
(författare)
-
Beslutsfattande ur tre perspektiv
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Statsvetenskaplig tidskrift. - 0039-0747. ; 122:44, s. 567-567
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper I present two normative standpoints that have been used to de ne and evaluate human decision making: ’economic man’ and ’ecological rationality’. I argue that both norms are unsuitable to understand decision making in a natural environment. I do so by trying to apply them to a real-life decision situation; that of buying pasta in a Swedish supermarket. Neither account is su ciently flexible to handle how decisions unfold in this setting. Consumers’ behaviours are flexible and consist of an interplay between the shoppers’ preferences, the structure of the shelf and the visually salient attributes of various packages.
|
|
