| 1. |
- Biddulph, Robin, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Whose Reality Counts? Critical Junctures in Livelihood Under Deforestation
- 2017
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Ingår i: Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie. - : Wiley. - 0040-747X .- 1467-9663. - 9789187439254 ; 108:5, s. 540-553
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Livelihoods approaches focus on the poor and their knowledge and agency, but risk underplaying broader contextual forces which constrain and shape that agency. Livelihood trajectories approaches attend more fully to these structural, contextual dynamics. A three-year study using quantitative and qualitative methods investigated livelihood trajectories over two decades in a village affected by deforestation in Northeast Cambodia, and sought to identify critical junctures structuring those trajectories. A timber rush, a land rush, a turn to agriculture and ongoing competition to shape post-forest reterritorialisation were identified as the critical junctures. These transformed the physical environment, and initiated waves of migration which in turn transformed the social and economic structure and everyday life of the village. This valuably disrupts narrative simplifications associated with community forestry. The junctures furthermore suggest an analytical framework for understanding deforestation-livelihoods dynamics in other contexts, thus demonstrating how livelihood trajectories research might contribute to middle-level theory building.
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| 2. |
- Asheim, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Constructing knowledge-based regional advantage : Implications for regional innovation policy
- 2007
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Ingår i: International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management. - 1368-275X .- 1741-5098. ; 7:2-5, s. 140-155
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A focus on constructing regional advantage requires an 'unpacking' of what makes territorial agglomerations important for innovation and competitiveness by disclosing and revealing the contingencies, particularities and specificities of the various contexts and environments where knowledge creation, innovation and entrepreneurship take place. In order to achieve more effective regional innovation policy, this paper presents and discusses three dimensions along which such unpacking can take place. These dimensions refer to (1) specific industrial knowledge bases, (2) globally distributed knowledge networks and (3) different territorial competence bases.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Asheim, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Regional Innovation System Policy: a Knowledge-based Approach
- 2005
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A focus on constructing regional advantage requires an unpacking of what makes territorial agglomerations important for innovation and growth by disclosing and revealing the contingencies, particularities and specificities of the various contexts and environments where knowledge creation, innovation and entrepreneurship take place. In order to achieve more effective regional innovation policy, the paper presents and discusses five dimensions along which such unpacking can take place. These dimensions refer to different perspectives that originate in different industrial knowledge bases, different territorial competence bases, the distributed knowledge base, the importance of creative knowledge environments and different institutional frameworks.
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| 6. |
- Coenen, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Nodes, Networks and Proximities: On the Knowledge Dynamics of the Medicon Valley Biotech Cluster.
- 2004
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Ingår i: European Planning Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1469-5944 .- 0965-4313. ; 12:7, s. 1003-1018
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Empirical research on the knowledge dynamics of biotechnology demonstrates a dual local-global knowledge flow pattern. The sector is characterised by strong spatial concentration around nodes of excellence that are interconnected through a global network. This requires a specification of the notion of proximity as a facilitator of learning processes which emphasises its multifaceted configuration. This study highlights the significance of relational proximity within epistemic communities shaping innovation processes across multi-spatial scales. These arguments are illustrated with a database-survey on collaboration in scientific publication by 109 biotechnology firms in the Danish-Swedish life-science cluster Medicon Valley.
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| 7. |
- Henning, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Innovation and regional transformation : From clusters to new combinations
- 2010
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In summary, this book considers the conditions for a future innovation policy in Skåne from two perspectives. Firstly, from the existing economic structure; and secondly, from the experience gained from initiatives already in place. With a common theoretical understanding of the problem area, the book integrates a number of methodologically different approaches. Such a combination of methods is rare, yet provides a deeper understanding of the nature of the economy, of how the various sectors and industries are related to each other in terms of skills, and of how development initiatives for the various industries or clusters work. Theoretical discussions are intertwined with empirical observations of Skåne’s economy. In this way, the book is an introduction to contemporary innovation and policy literature, as well as a more specific discussion and decision basis for actors involved in the economy and policy of both Skåne and Sweden.
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| 8. |
- Martin, Roman, et al.
(författare)
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Comparing knowledge bases: on the organisation and geography of knowledge flows in the regional innovation system of Scania, southern Sweden
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper deals with knowledge flows and collaboration between firms in the regional innovation system of southern Sweden. It focuses on industries which draw on different types of knowledge bases. The aim is to analyse how the functional and spatial organisation of knowledge interdependencies among firms and other actors vary between different types of industries which are part of the same regional innovation system. We argue that knowledge sourcing and exchange in geographical proximity is especially important for industries that rely on a synthetic or symbolic knowledge base, since the interpretation of the knowledge they deal with tend to differ between places. This is less the case for industries drawing on an analytical knowledge base, which rely more on scientific knowledge that is codified, abstract and universal, and therefore less sensitive to geographical distance. Thus, geographic clustering of firms in analytical industries builds on other rationale than the need of proximity for knowledge sourcing and exchange. To analyse these assumptions empirically, we draw on data from three case studies of firm clusters in the region of southern Sweden: (1) the life science cluster represents an analytical (science) based industry, (2) the food cluster includes mainly synthetic (engineering) based industries, and (3) the moving media cluster is considered as symbolic (artistic) based. Knowledge sourcing and knowledge exchange in each of the cases are explored and compared using social network analysis in association with a dataset gathered through interviews with firm representatives.
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| 9. |
- Martin, Roman, et al.
(författare)
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Innovation in symbolic industries : the geography and organization of knowledge sourcing
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Planning Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0965-4313 .- 1469-5944. ; 19:7, s. 1183-1203
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper deals with geographical and organizational patterns of knowledge flows in the media industry of southern Sweden, an industry that is characterized by a strong ?symbolic? knowledge base. The aim is to address the question of the local versus the non-local as the prime arena for knowledge exchange, and to examine the organizational patterns of knowledge sourcing with specific attention paid to the nature of the knowledge sourced. Symbolic industries draw heavily on creative production and a cultural awareness that is strongly embedded in the local context; thus knowledge flows and networks are expected to be most of all locally configured, and firms to rely on less formalized knowledge sources rather than scientific knowledge or principles. Based on structured and semi-structured interviews with firm representatives, these assumptions are empirically assessed through social network analysis and descriptive statistics. Our findings show that firms rely above all on knowledge that is generated in project work through learning-by-doing and by interaction with other firms in localized networks.
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| 10. |
- Martin, Roman, et al.
(författare)
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Regional innovation policy beyond ‘best practice’ : Lessons from Sweden
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper deals with policy measures in the regional innovation system of Scania, Southern Sweden. Focus is dedicated to requirements on innovation policy from actors representing different industries. Previous studies have identified profound differences with regard the organization of knowledge sourcing between firms and other actors in industries drawing on different knowledge bases. In correspondence with these findings, industries differ also with regard to how policy measures aiming to support innovation are perceived and acquired. Despite this, there is a tendency among regional policy programs to base their strategies on one ‘best practice’-model, inspired by successful (or sometimes less successful) cases in other parts of the world. The paper presents an in-depth analysis of such policy support targeting three industries located in one region, and ends with a suggestion to how those should be adapted to render influence on the institutional framework of the regional innovation system.
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