| 1. |
- Moore, Jason W., 1971-
(författare)
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'Amsterdam is Standing on Norway', Part I : The Alchemy of Capital, Empire and Nature in the Diaspora of Silver, 1545–1648
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Agrarian Change. - 1471-0358 .- 1471-0366. ; 10:1, s. 33-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the first of two essays in this Journal, I seek to unify the historicalgeography of early modern ‘European expansion’ (Iberia and Latin America)with the environmental history of the ‘transition to capitalism’ (northwestern Europe). The expansion of Europe’s overseas empires and the transitions to capitalism within Europe were differentiated moments within the geographicalexpansion of commodity production and exchange – what I call the commodityfrontier. This essay is developed in two movements. Beginning with a conceptual and methodological recasting of the historical geography of the rise of capitalism,I offer an analytical narrative that follows the early modern diaspora of silver.This account follows the political ecology of silver production and trade from the Andes to Spain in Braudel’s ‘second’ sixteenth century (c. 1545–1648). In highlighting the Ibero-American moment of this process in the present essay, Icontend that the spectacular reorganization of Andean space and the progressive dilapidation of Spain’s real economy not only signified the rise and demise of a trans-Atlantic, Iberian ecological regime, but also generated the historicallynecessary conditions for the unprecedented concentration of accumulation andcommodity production in the capitalist North Atlantic in the centuries thatfollowed.
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| 2. |
- Elgenius, Gabriella, et al.
(författare)
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Problematising concepts and methods for civil society research in superdiverse neighbourhoods
- 2023
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Ingår i: Voluntary Sector Review. - 2040-8056 .- 2040-8064. ; 14:3, s. 480-497
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article analyses challenges for civil society research in superdiverse areas and proposes ways to overcome them. Key components of previous studies are problematised, such as the lack of attention to demographic complexity, the focus on formally registered organisations at the expense of informal ‘below the radar’ initiatives, the over-reliance on analyses using administrative data and building on dichotomous categorisations of social capital. The article calls for scholars to develop methodologies and theory that enable research across the full range of civil society activity. We argue for a holistic approach to researching civil society through comparative and mixed-methods designs that facilitate research about the nature of civil society action, its forms, patterns and experiences. The concept of ‘superdiversity’ is useful to reflect evolving demographic complexity, given age, gender, nationality, religion and immigration status, and divergent experiences of rights and the labour market.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Krzysztofik, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Landscapes with different logics: A physicalistic approach to semantic conflicts in spatial planning
- 2017
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Ingår i: Quaestiones Geographicae. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 2081-6383 .- 0137-477X .- 2082-2103. ; 36:4, s. 29-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper deals with the ways of categorising landscapes as ‘urban’ and ‘rural’ using a physicalist approach, where these terms have special meaning. The aim of this paper is to elaborate on the question whether such a division is still meaningful with regard to anthropogenic landscapes, not least in spatial planning. The concerns raised in this paper depart from the increasingly complicated structure of geographical space, including that of anthropogenic landscapes. Our standpoint is illustrated using cases of landscape ambiguities from Poland, Germany, Romania and Greece. Leaning on frameworks of physicalist (mechanicistic) theory, this paper suggests an explanation to the outlined semantic conflicts. This is done by pointing to the relationality between the impact of centripetal and centrifugal forces, the specifics of socio-economic development, as well as the varying landscape forms that emerge from the differences within that development.
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| 5. |
- Martin, Hanna, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Reconsidering actor roles in regional innovation systems : transformative industrial change in the forest-based bioeconomy
- 2023
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Ingår i: Regional studies. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0034-3404 .- 1360-0591. ; 57:9, s. 1636-1648
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reconsiders the roles of actors in regional innovation systems in the context of transformative industrial change. Empirically, it draws on evidence from the Värmland region of Sweden, where regional innovation system actors, with partial funding from the Swedish Innovation Agency, are striving to build a bioeconomy upon the traditional forest-related industries. The main findings include that transformative industrial change adds a variety of responsibilities to regional actors, including the provision of change legitimacy, influencing the industry’s innovation directionality and achieving social acceptance for change. A combined perspective on sociotechnical transitions and path development in regional innovation systems theoretically informs the case.
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| 6. |
- Zapata Campos, María José, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Urban qualities and residents’ strategies in compact global south cities: the case of Havana
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Housing and the Built Environment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-7772 .- 1566-4910. ; 37:1, s. 529-551
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research and policy argue for more compact cities to respond to sustainable development challenges. However, what actually needs to be made more compact and how, is under examined, particularly in global South cities where north notions of urban qualities are adopted without being questioned. Informed by a qualitative study in informal and compact neighborhoods in Havana, this paper explores which qualities are important to deliver more just cities, and what strategies are developed by residents to strengthen beneficial qualities and address detrimental qualities in contexts of informal urbanization and compactness. It shows how the street, human capital, neighborhood, housing affordability, citizenship and vibrancy are significant compact city qualities neglected in the literature. Finally, the paper shows how diverse strategies are developed by residents to draw upon these qualities, such as self-help urbanism, learning and innovation, economic entrepreneurship, networks of solidarity, economies of reciprocity, local imaginaries and active citizenship.
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| 7. |
- Velasquez Atehortua, Juan, 1963
(författare)
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Barrio women and Energopower in Medellín, Colombia
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Latin American Studies. - 0022-216X .- 1469-767X. ; 49:2, s. 355-382
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article argues that the prepaid energy system put into operation in Medellín and across Colombia worked as an expression of ‘energopower’; that is, energy as a means to govern societies. The article uses press archives and company statements, official statistics and group interviews to show how energopower operates in Medellín along three lines: that Empresas Públicas de Medellín, the city's public utility company, encouraged disconnected and displaced people as new buyers of prepaid energy services instead of citizens entitled to those services; that the implementation of the prepaid energy system coincided with the vertiginous capitalisation that allowed the city to fund its ‘Social Urbanism’ and EPM to expand operations across Colombia and other countries in Latin America; and, that prepaid electricity as a tool of energopower subjugated displaced and disconnected populations to new forms of affordability that prompted barrio women to understand and oppose its disciplining methods of domination.
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| 8. |
- Biddulph, Robin, 1965
(författare)
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Social enterprise and inclusive tourism. Five cases in Siem Reap, Cambodi
- 2017
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Ingår i: Tourism Geographies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1461-6688 .- 1470-1340. ; , s. 1-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent decades, social enterprise has emerged from a variety of traditions and contexts to occupy a prominent position in relation to social change. Proponents argue that people with a business orientation are uniquely equipped to identify social problems, develop solutions and to scale these up. Muhammad Yunus and the non-collateralized loans of the Grameen Bank are held to exemplify this potential. Meanwhile, mass tourism destinations are increasingly found in less developed countries, placing relatively wealthy tourists in close proximity to poor people. One response to this has been a proliferation of social enterprises within the tourism industry. This paper investigates the potentials and limitations of social entrepreneurship to achieve inclusive tourism through an analysis of five established and highly regarded social enterprises in Siem Reap. The enterprises have created worthwhile new opportunities for poor and marginalized people and contributed substantially to revitalizing elements of Cambodian culture. Beyond these significant successes, their capacity to generate broader inclusiveness in either the tourism sector or the Cambodian economy, generally, appears limited. Continued social benefits are, furthermore, contingent on the commercial success of the enterprises, in a sector which is highly competitive and volatile, with even successful, well-run businesses never entirely secure.
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| 9. |
- Bienkowska, Dzamila, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Brain circulation and flexible adjustment : labour mobility as a cluster advantage
- 2011
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Ingår i: Geografiska Annaler. Series B, Human Geography. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0435-3684 .- 1468-0467. ; 93:1, s. 21-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article explores the role of labour mobility as a potential cluster advantage. We review the theoretical arguments as for how and why labour mobility could enhance the dynamism and performance of clusters of similar and related firms. A combination of quantitative and qualitative data from two information and communication technology (ICT) clusters is used to answer two research questions: (1) What is the role of mobility enhancing (or restricting) institutions in clusters? (2) In what ways does labour mobility contribute to knowledge transfer within clusters? The two ICT clusters studied in the article generally seem to have higher levels of mobility, compared to the labour market at large. Although it is regarded as beneficial in theory, most cluster firms try to restrict mobility of workers since they fear the risk and costs of losing staff. Labour mobility is also rarely viewed as a viable way to increase the knowledge bases or contact networks of firms. However, when firms need to recruit the clustered labour markets seem to benefit them by facilitating the use of informal recruitment processes. By way of conclusion it is suggested that cluster firms might be under-investing in mobility and that innovative institutional solutions could help realize clusters’ mobility potential.
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| 10. |
- Choplin, Armelle, et al.
(författare)
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Titling the desert: Land formalization and tenure (in)security in Nouakchott (Mauritania)
- 2017
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Ingår i: Habitat International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0197-3975. ; 64, s. 49-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drawing on empirical ethnographic research conducted in three resettled areas in Nouakchott (Mauritania), our paper aims to enrich the debate on land formalization, attempting to understand the effects of slum upgrading programs and the titling process. In a context of securing land tenure as upheld by international institutions, the paper questions the implementation of these titling programs, which aim to deliver secure tenure and, more broadly, achieve economic development. It appeals for an analysis of how poor people react to titling policies in a context of highly complex relationships between formal and informal land status. Our case studies show that formal deeds do not necessarily lead to secure tenure. For the impoverished households who have withstood resettlements, these titling practices can be seen as a way to improve their livelihoods or, on the contrary, as breeding grounds for new forms of vulnerability. Moreover, these elements can also be perceived as triggers for encroachments between the State and the law and, at times, a reason to claim new rights.
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