| 1. |
- Padyab, Mojgan, 1976-, et al.
(author)
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Going It Alone in Later Life : A Comparative Analysis of Elderly Women in Sweden and Spain
- 2019
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In: Journal of Family Issues. - : Sage Publications. - 0192-513X .- 1552-5481. ; 40:8, s. 1038-1064
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article compares the determinants of living alone in later life in Spain and Sweden, two countries with relatively similar levels of economic development from a global view point but different family systems and institutional contexts. With microdata coming from census (Spain) and linked administrative registers (Sweden), logistic regression techniques, including a nonlinear regression–based decomposition of differences between, are used to estimate the weight of different factors behind the residential choices of elderly women. Theoretical expectations are validated. Levels of living alone are associated with age, childlessness, marital status, and education in both populations. Population characteristics (compositions effects) explain only a small part of the differences in living alone between both countries, while behaviors (rate effects) account for the larger part of the variation. Therefore, among elderly women proximate determinants of living arrangements produce different outcomes in different sociocultural environments largely determined by existing family systems.
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| 2. |
- Reher, David Sven, et al.
(author)
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The COVID-19 pandemic in an aging world
- 2020
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Since death rates from the COVID-19 are highest among the oldest, the impact of the current pandemic in a given society depends to a large extent on the share of elderly persons and their living arrangements. Whereas the former is well known, the latter is not. Arguably, contagion itself and the severity of its symptoms are likely to vary among elderly persons living alone, co-residing with family members or dwelling in institutions. Arguments in favour and against the premise that single-living elderly are better able to self-isolate can be made. Long-term care facilities have worsened the effects of the epidemic because they have often become death traps in some but not all countries. Once contagion takes place, living arrangements can make a huge difference in the way the disease can be managed by the individual, his family and society. Properly understanding the dynamics of contagion and the handling of the disease in terms of living arrangements of elderly people is essential for effectively tackling future outbreaks of similar epidemics.
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| 3. |
- Sandström, Glenn, 1971-, et al.
(author)
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Changes in demographic and socioeconomic determinants of living alone among women in Sweden and Japan since the 1990s
- 2021
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The increase in one-person household (OPHs) in the developed world is often seen as theresult of a trend where family solidarity is replaced by individualistic values and behaviourswhere the Nordic countries have been identified as forerunners in this development. In Asia,countries such as Japan have reached equal levels of economic development but retainelements of a strong family system and exhibit a much more asymmetric gender regime.This study compares the changes in the demographic and socioeconomic composition ofOPH women in Sweden and Japan between 1990 and 2016. The probability to be an OPHhousehold is analysed by means of logistic regression models using microdata covering the entire population in Sweden and the Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions in Japan. In Sweden, the growth of the female OPH population has halted and shifted to a decline compared to Japan where it has increased rapidly since the 1990s. The analysis finds increasing similarities between the countries in the age patterns and urban-rural differences while persistent contrast in the impact of women’s socioeconomic status and family history remains salient. The findings provide evidence that the transformation of women’s economic role does not result in an ever-increasing shift towards “less” family. Rather, living arrangements depend on the extent to which gender regime adapts to increased economic self-sufficiency among women. These findings highlight the need for preparedness for continued increases of the OPH population among policymakers in economically developed strong family societies such as Japan
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| 4. |
- Sandström, Glenn, 1971-, et al.
(author)
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Convergence and persistent contrasts in the determinants of working-age women in Sweden and Japan living alone since the 1990s
- 2023
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In: Genus - Journal of Population Sciences. - : Springer. - 2035-5556. ; 79:11
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The increase in one-person households (OPHs) in the developed world is often seen as the result of a trend in which individualistic values and behaviors are replacing family solidarity. Nordic countries have been identified as frontrunners in this development. In Asia, equally developed countries like Japan retain elements of a strong-family system and an asymmetrical gender regime, simultaneously as they are experiencing rapid increases in OPHs. This article aims to uncover how the demographic and socioeconomic composition of OPHs have developed since the 1990s among working-age women in Sweden and Japan. Our results show that, in particular, civil status and income play different roles for OPH-living in Sweden and Japan. In contrast to Japan, the level of OPHs remained stable over time in Sweden, and even declined among women with high incomes. This suggests that the negative association between family formation and women’s economic activity is temporary and only prevails as long as society has not adapted to the convergence of men’s and women’s socioeconomic roles. The findings are discussed in light of the "second demographic transition" and "dual equilibrium theory".
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| 5. |
- Requena, Miguel, et al.
(author)
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Women living alone in later life : A multicountry comparative analysis
- 2019
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In: Population, Space and Place. - : Wiley. - 1544-8444 .- 1544-8452. ; 25:7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper compares the determinants of living alone among elderly women in six countries (Tanzania, Kyrgyzstan, Indonesia, Brazil, Spain, and Sweden) with very different family systems, policy contexts, levels of development, and socio-economic characteristics. Different factors behind the residential choices of elderly women are estimated by means of logistic regression. Decomposition models are used to assess the extent to which observed differences between countries correspond to specific population compositions or to other factors. Although the importance of all independent variables for living alone is shown to be strong and statistically significant, persistent intercountry disparities in behaviour linked to levels of familism and development remain. Population composition explains only a small part of the observed differences in living alone. Economic development provides an important underlying explanation for the incidence of living alone among women, but many specific differences can also be explained by societal characteristics such as family systems and available policy options.
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| 6. |
- Blom-Nilsson, Marcus, Fil. dr, et al.
(author)
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Samsjuklighet, substansanvädning och psykisk ohälsa
- 2023
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In: Effektiv insatsplanering vid svår substansanvändning. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144155180 ; , s. 121-132
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 7. |
- Blom Nilsson, Marcus, et al.
(author)
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Sexual Abuse and Future Mental Health Hospitalization in a Swedish National Sample of Men Who Use Opioids
- 2020
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In: Journal of addiction medicine. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1932-0620 .- 1935-3227. ; 14:4, s. e24-e28
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Experiences of trauma, specifically sexual abuse, have been linked to both mental health and substance use disorders. This study used 14 years of Swedish health registry data to select a sample of adult men who reported frequent opioid use and assessed if those with a self-reported history of sexual abuse had a higher likelihood of hospitalization for a mental health disorder.Methods: A Swedish longitudinal (2003–2017) registry study linked Addiction Severity Index (ASI) assessments completed with individuals who sought treatment for substance use disorders with data on hospitalizations for mental health disorders, and assessed associations with self-reported histories of sexual abuse among men who reported sustained and frequent use of opioids (n¼1862). Cox regression methods tested associations and controlled for age, and the7 ASI composite scores: family and social relationships, employment, alcohol use, drug use, legal, physical health, and mental health.Results: The ASI composite score for mental health (hazard ratio[HR] 16.6, P<0.001) and a history of sexual abuse (HR 1.93,P<0.001) were associated with an elevated risk of future mental health hospitalization.Conclusion: Both the ASI composite scores for mental health andself-reported history of sexual abuse reflected complex needs amongmen who used opioids and increased risk for mental health hospitalization.Treatment providers should strive to provide integrated careand address the negative aspects of victimization.
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| 8. |
- Emsing, Mikael, 1980-
(author)
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Conflict management & mental health among Swedish police officers & recruits
- 2022
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Introduction: An essential part of police work is handling people in distress, often related to some form of conflict that police officers are expected to handle in a professional manner. Thus, interpersonal and conflict management skills are essential for police officers. Further, police work has been hailed as one of the most complex and stressful jobs that one can have. While important progress has been made in relation to how the complex and stressful nature of police work affects the individual officers - less is known about the timing and onset of these effects. Similarly, while there is a growing body of research into police conflict management, more research is needed to deepen our understanding of police conflict management, not least in the Swedish context. The overall aim of the present thesis was to contribute to existing knowledge about police work by investigating conflict management and mental health among Swedish police recruits and officers.Materials and methods: The present thesis used a mixed-methods approach and is built on four sub-studies. Sub-study 1 examined the evidence base for current practices, methods, and training in conflict management by means of a scoping review. Sub-study 2 used semi-structured interviews to examine how police officers perceived conflict and conflict-management and their training within the subject. Results from sub-study 2 where also used increating items for the instrument developed in sub-study 4. Sub-study 3 used a quantitative design to examine the mental health status of Swedish police recruits using the SCL-90 questionnaire. Sub-study 4 documented the initial steps towards developing an instrument to measure conflict behaviors and attitudes to conflict management among police officers and evaluated the psychometric properties of this instrument.Results: A large proportion of the studies included in the scoping review were conducted in the US and manyfocused-on use of force. The results also indicate that a lack of available data, unified definitions and experimental as well as longitudinal research designs makes it difficult to draw causal conclusions regarding the effectiveness of training in conflict management. In the interviews, respondents described conflict largely in terms of interpersonal conflicts, and focused less on intrapersonal conflict. The complexity and importance of the role played by instructors during probationary training was also salient in their descriptions. As for mental health status, recruits overall reported scores that where similar to the general population. A small number of recruits (n = 15) reported scores that where above the patient mean of the Swedish general population in the corresponding age group. The intended factor structure of the instrument developed could not be operationalized in the instruments current form, but the instrument could still provide insights and provides a basis for further development of the instrument.Conclusions: To enhance our understanding on police conflict management, scholars and police departments should work together to agree upon unified definitions on key concepts related to this topic. More research using longitudinal and experimental designs are needed to further develop training interventions related to conflict management. While a small number of recruits reported scores above the Swedish patient mean, extant research has indicated that stigmas surrounding mental health among police could lead to unconstructive coping behaviors. Further research on mental health among not only Swedish police officers but also recruits, could focus on helpseeking-behaviors and stigmas related to mental health to provide valuable insights on the topic. The instrument developed within the present thesis needs further development but nonetheless represents a first step towards examining individual differences in relation to police conflict management behaviors and attitudes towards conflict.
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| 9. |
- Ghazinour, Mehdi, 1967-, et al.
(author)
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Are the problems and motives clear enough? : A study on the placement of unaccompanied asylum-seeking minors at compulsory care institutions in Sweden
- 2021
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In: The Journal of Refugee Studies. - : Oxford University Press. - 0951-6328 .- 1471-6925. ; 34:2, s. 1675-1694
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Swedish National Board of Institutional Care (SNBIC) is an independent governmental agency that provides compulsory care for minors with psychosocial problems, criminal behavior, and substance abuse. During recent years, a noticeable number of the youth placed at compulsory care institutions have been asylum-seeking minors who have arrived in Sweden without parents or guardians. This steady increase in placements has raised questions and concerns among the involved actors regarding the motives and needs underlying these placements. This qualitative study investigates the main motives that lead unaccompanied asylum-seeking minors to be placed at SNBIC residential homes and the problems that are to be solved during their placement, according to social workers and SNBIC staff. The study is based on 28 in-depth interviews with social workers and SNBIC staff. Findings indicate clear disagreement between social workers and SNBIC staff with regard to the motives for placing unaccompanied minors at SNBIC homes. Although the social workers and SNBIC staff explain that most of the unaccompanied youth placed at SNBIC homes have some form of criminal behavior or substance abuse, SNBIC staff believe, in some cases, the problem is not sufficiently serious to warrant compulsory care. As these disagreements and misunderstandings between the actors have an impact on their collaboration and, consequently, the situation of the unaccompanied minors, all attempts to reach a consensus on the leading causes for placement and the problems that need to be solved with SNBIC placement would increase security for both the young people and the relevant staff.
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| 10. |
- Grahn, Robert, 1972-, et al.
(author)
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Associations between a risky psychosocial childhood and recurrent addiction compulsory care as adult
- 2020
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In: Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. - : Sage Publications. - 1455-0725 .- 1458-6126. ; 37:1, s. 54-68
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Treatment for substance use disorder (SUD), results, in general, in improvements in terms of both drug use and social functioning. However, there are clients who are in need of repeated treatment. The aim of this retrospective study was to identify, for adults in compulsory care for severe SUD, the association between reporting having experienced a risky psychosocial childhood and repeated entries into the Swedish compulsory care system for SUD.Method: Hierarchical logistic regression and mediation analysis methods were used to analyse data from the Swedish National Board of Institutional Care (SiS) database. The sample included 2719 adults assessed at their compulsory care intake. The study examined the association between history of institutional care, family with SUD or psychiatric problem and repeated compulsory care entries as an adult controlling for main drug, age and gender.Results: In the regression model the factor with the strongest association with repeated compulsory care intakes for SUD, was as a child having been in mandated institutional care (OR = 2.0 (1.60–2.51)). The proportion of the total effect that is mediated through LVU (law (1990:52) the care of young persons (special provisions) act) was 33% for SUD problems in family during childhood, 44% for psychiatric problems in family during childhood, and 38% for having been in foster care.Conclusion: Having been in mandated institutional care as a youth was strongly associated with repeated compulsory care for SUD as an adult. This is concerning since receipt of services as a child is supposed to mediate against the consequences of risky childhood conditions. These adults, as a group, are in need of a well-coordinated and integrated system of extensive aftercare services to reduce the likelihood of re-entry into compulsory care for an SUD.
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