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| 2. |
- Barthel, Stephan, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Global urbanization and food production in direct competition for land : Leverage places to mitigate impacts on SDG2 and on the Earth System
- 2019
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Ingår i: The Anthropocene Review. - : SAGE Publications. - 2053-0196 .- 2053-020X. ; 6:1-2, s. 71-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Global urbanization and food production are in direct competition for land. This paper carries outa critical review of how displacing crop production from urban and peri-urban land to other areas– because of issues related to soil quality – will demand a substantially larger proportion of theEarth’s terrestrial land surface than the surface area lost to urban encroachment. Such relationshipsmay trigger further distancing effects and unfair social-ecological teleconnections. It risks also settingin motion amplifying effects within the Earth System. In combination, such multiple stressors set thescene for food riots in cities of the Global South. Our review identifies viable leverage points on whichto act in order to navigate urban expansion away from fertile croplands. We first elaborate on thepolitical complexities in declaring urban and peri-urban lands with fertile soils as one global commons.We find that the combination of an advisory global policy aligned with regional policies enablingrobust common properties rights for bottom-up actors and movements in urban and peri-urbanagriculture (UPA) as multi-level leverage places to intervene. To substantiate the ability of aligningglobal advisory policy with regional planning, we review both past and contemporary examples whereempowering local social-ecological UPA practices and circular economies have had a stimulatingeffect on urban resilience and helped preserve, restore, and maintain urban lands with healthy soils.
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| 3. |
- Sills, Erin, et al.
(författare)
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Executive Summary
- 2014
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Ingår i: Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR). - 9786021504550 ; , s. 536-
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- As one of the leading near-term options for global climate change mitigation,REDD+ has been piloted in over 300 subnational initiatives across the tropics.This book describes 23 of those initiatives in six countries: Brazil, Peru, Cameroon,Tanzania, Indonesia and Vietnam. These initiatives were selected in large part because they had defined their specific intervention areas but not yet offered conditional incentives to reduce forest carbon emissions when CIFOR collected baseline data in 2010. By 2014, they had implemented a broad range of actionsboth to develop enabling conditions and to reduce forest emissions. Thus, it is now timely to report on their experiences and assess early lessons about REDD+,including finance, tenure, scale, MRV and safeguards.
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| 4. |
- Sjöstedt, Martin, 1977
(författare)
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Horizontal and vertical resource dilemmas in natural resource management: the case of African fisheries
- 2013
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Ingår i: Fish and Fisheries. - : Wiley. - 1467-2960 .- 1467-2979. ; 14:4, s. 616-624
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract The world’s fisheries are under severe pressure. Yet, according to the marine trophic index, the health and stability of marine ecosystems vary greatly across countries. The argument developed and tested in this article holds that some of the sources of this variation can potentially be derived from differences in the character of two fundamental relationships in society – a horizontal one between resource users and a vertical relationship between the government and the resource users. The empirical analysis focuses on sub-Saharan Africa and finds that levels of ethnic and linguistic heterogeneity and levels of democracy in the year that each country declared its exclusive economic zone have a close relationship with ensuing marine exploitation patterns.
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| 5. |
- Norlin, Måns
(författare)
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Communicating visions for urban development : a micro-study of a governance process
- 2014
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis studies the topic of policy making in the context of producing a comprehensive plan. The thesis uses the case of a municipality in Sweden. Contributing to the understanding of how governance processes can be performed, this thesis studies policy making in a collaborative situation. A form of micro-study is used to scrutinize in detail the dialogues between participants. The thesis applies Membership Categorization Analysis and Conversation Analysis to uncover the participants' accomplishments. The approaches reveal a variety of ways the participants perform planning, how visions and strategies are implemented in practice and how participants can reach agreement on planning issues. The study provides planning research with further understanding of the situatedness and epistemology of policy making, and it brings to light the variety of ways participants in policy making can enter and inform discussions, thereby enhancing the level of democracy in governance processes.
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| 6. |
- Almered Olsson, Gunilla, 1951, et al.
(författare)
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Peri-Urban Food Production and Its Relation to Urban Resilience
- 2016
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 8:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Food production on the urban-rural fringe is under pressure due to competing land uses. We discuss the potential to improve resilience for urban-rural regions by enhancing food production as part of multifunctional land use. Through studies of peri-urban land in the regions of Gothenburg (Sweden), Copenhagen (Denmark) and Gent (Belgium), recent developments are analysed. Arable farming has been declining since 2000 in all three areas due to urban expansion and recreational land use changes. In city plans, networks of protected areas and green spaces and their importance for human wellbeing have been acknowledged. Policies for farmland preservation in peri-urban settings exist, but strategies for local food production are not expressed in present planning documents. Among the diversity of peri-urban agricultural activities, peri-urban food production is a developing issue. However, the competing forms of land use and the continuing high dependence of urban food on global food systems and related resource flows reduces peri-urban food production and improvements in urban food security. The positive effects of local food production need to be supported by governance aiming to improve the urban-rural relationship. The paper discusses the resilience potential of connecting urban-rural regions and re-coupling agriculture to regional food production.
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| 7. |
- Ukpe, Henrietta Udeme, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Perceived effects of climate change on profit efficiency among small scale chili pepper marketers in Benue State, Nigeria
- 2021
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Ingår i: GeoJournal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0343-2521 .- 1572-9893.
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the determination of the level of efficiency of an enterprise, the role of climate change cannot be overemphasized. However, some scholars are of the view that climate change might not really affect the level of efficiency of an enterprise due to its indirect effect on the performance of an enterprise. Understanding the perception of marketers of agricultural produce about climate change in agribusiness is paramount to sustain small scale enterprises. This study sought to analyze the perceived effects of climate change on profit efficiency among small scale chili pepper marketers in Benue State, Nigeria. Data were collected with the use of structured questionnaire and analyzed using stochastic frontier production function. A combination of purposive and random sampling techniques was used to select 349 producers and marketers, 152 processors, 143 processed retailers and 145 non-processed retailers giving a total of 789 small scale chili pepper marketers from three (3) agricultural zones that make up Benue State, Nigeria. The result showed that on the average, small scale chili pepper marketers are relatively profit efficient. The results also showed that in the marketing chain, small scale processed retailers had the highest mean profit efficiency (0.86). It was therefore recommended that switching business to adapt to crop varieties (cereal crops) that are more resilient to climate change could be an opportunity to small scale chili pepper marketers struggling with chili pepper to leapfrog previous performance and become more productive. Further, the training on preservation of perishable crop should be given to chili pepper producers and marketers and non-processed retailers given that excessive rainfall decreases their profit efficiency.
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| 8. |
- Hansson, Stina, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Governance for sustainable urban development: the double function of SDG indicators
- 2019
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Ingår i: Area Development and Policy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2379-2957 .- 2379-2949. ; 4:3, s. 217-235
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- At the core of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is the imperative of monitoring progress and holding policy-makers accountable. For this purpose, 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and 230 global indicators were established with the double function of being a report card and a management tool. In the light of a pilot study about the experiences of local planning officials in the City of Gothenburg, Sweden, in relation to the suggested indicators for SDG 11, ‘Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable’, and a comparison with findings in four other cities, the paper argues for a need to reprioritize indicator criteria to serve better governance for sustainable development in diverse urban contexts worldwide.
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| 9. |
- Nyberg, Gert, et al.
(författare)
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Enclosures as a land management tool for food security in African drylands
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Land Use Science. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 1747-4248 .- 1747-423X. ; 14:1, s. 110-121
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increasing sedentary agro-pastoralist livelihoods may be explained by land degradation, population pressure, agricultural commodification, and economic development. We reviewed scientific and ‘grey’ literature for the effects of enclosures on food security. Only 8% of the 114 reviewed scientific articles addressed food production, while 69% approached environmental parameters that indirectly affect food security, most of which had positive results. Thirty-one percent focused on social and economic impacts, land tenure conflicts and elite capture with negative connotations. The ‘grey’ literature showed an opposite balance between positive environmental views and negative socio-economic impacts. Enclosures are not a panacea for dryland development, but their use need to be recognized and understood. Multidisciplinary research and cooperation on the applied management of enclosures in the context of food security is highly needed. Furthermore, agro-pastoralist land-use practices need more policy space and practical management support, such as clear tenure legislation, agroforestry methodologies, and support in fodder production systems.
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| 10. |
- Arora Jonsson, Seema, et al.
(författare)
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Seeing the Quiet Politics in Unquiet Woods: A Different Vantage Point for a Future Forest Agenda
- 2021
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Ingår i: Human Ecology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0300-7839 .- 1572-9915. ; 49, s. 297-308
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We address two aspects of forest lives-violence and care-that are central to forest outcomes but often invisible in mainstream discussions on forests. We argue that questions of violence and care work in forests open up debates about what forests are, who defines them, and how. We draw primarily on feminist work on forestry, violence, and care to examine the gendered nature of forest conflicts and the 'quiet politics' of resistance to violence grounded in the everyday work of care that are crucial to understanding forests and their governance. We show how varied practices of resistance to violence and injustice are grounded in cooperative action of care and are an intrinsic part of shaping and regenerating forests. We highlight the importance of close attention to seemingly mundane actions rooted in people's daily lives and experiences that shape forests.
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