| 1. |
- Gidlund, Mikael, 1972-, et al.
(author)
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Will 5G become yet another wireless technology for industrial automation?
- 2017
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In: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781509053209 - 9781509053216 - 9781509053193 ; , s. 1319-1324
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- With the growing interest in adoption of wireless technologies in industrial automation and the continuous search for new revenue streams new players are entering the arena in order to make their business grow further. One of the emerging wireless technologies aiming to support industrial automation applications is 5G, targeting anything from extreme throughput (> 10 Gbit/s) to extreme low latency (≤ 1 ms) to ultra high reliability (≥ 99.999%). In this article we intend to discuss the potential and challenges of adopting 5G in real industrial environments and give a more balanced picture compared to previous articles mainly written by telecom researchers and vendors as a way to promote their technology. Specifically, this article will discuss and provide some real industrial requirements, describe the main technical features of 5G and try to assess what applications it will support that are not by already supported by existing technologies. In the end, the success of 5G will depend on appealing business models and scalability, i.e., whether or not the same equipment can be deployed worldwide without any changes and spectrum rules, and the migration paths beyond 5G for reasonable business risks.
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| 2. |
- Ericsson, Niclas, et al.
(author)
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A flexible communication stack design for time sensitive embedded systems
- 2017
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In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781509053209 - 9781509053216 - 9781509053193 ; , s. 1112-1117
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Trends like Internet of Things (IoT), 5G and Cloud are pushing for device connectivity to the Internet, which affects industrial embedded systems with e.g., an increase in code base and functionality. Due to different application requirements, there are relative little reuse between embedded systems with different run-time context (from super loop to multi-threaded), and different types of communication (best effort and real time). In order to improve code reuse and changeability, we propose a flexible communication stack design, that can be configured for time sensitive communication with a real-time operating system (RTOS), or configured for best effort communication with either a super loop or an operating system (OS). Experiments demonstrate the flexibility and simplicity of the design with different configurations, e.g., super loop, single threaded, multi-threaded. Measurements show that the variations in performance related to run-time context scales as expected.
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| 3. |
- Chatzipetrou, Panagiota, Assistant Professor, 1984-, et al.
(author)
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Component selection in software engineering - Which attributes are the most important in the decision process?
- 2018
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In: Proceedings - 44th Euromicro Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications, SEAA 2018. - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9781538673829 ; , s. 198-205, s. 198-205
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Component-based software engineering is a common approach to develop and evolve contemporary software systems where different component sourcing options are available: 1)Software developed internally (in-house), 2)Software developed outsourced, 3)Commercial of the shelf software, and 4) Open Source Software. However, there is little available research on what attributes of a component are the most important ones when selecting new components. The object of the present study is to investigate what matters the most to industry practitioners during component selection. We conducted a cross-domain anonymous survey with industry practitioners involved in component selection. First, the practitioners selected the most important attributes from a list. Next, they prioritized their selection using the Hundred-Dollar ($100) test. We analyzed the results using Compositional Data Analysis. The descriptive results showed that Cost was clearly considered the most important attribute during the component selection. Other important attributes for the practitioners were: Support of the component, Longevity prediction, and Level of off-the-shelf fit to product. Next, an exploratory analysis was conducted based on the practitioners' inherent characteristics. Nonparametric tests and biplots were used. It seems that smaller organizations and more immature products focus on different attributes than bigger organizations and mature products which focus more on Cost. .
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| 4. |
- Chatzipetrou, Panagiota, Assistant Professor, 1984-, et al.
(author)
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A multivariate statistical framework for the analysis of software effort phase distribution
- 2015
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In: Information and Software Technology. - : Elsevier. - 0950-5849 .- 1873-6025. ; 59, s. 149-169
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Context: In software project management, the distribution of resources to various project activities is one of the most challenging problems since it affects team productivity, product quality and project constraints related to budget and scheduling.Objective: The study aims to (a) reveal the high complexity of modelling the effort usage proportion in different phases as well as the divergence from various rules-of-thumb in related literature, and (b) present a systematic data analysis framework, able to offer better interpretations and visualisation of the effort distributed in specific phases.Method: The basis for the proposed multivariate statistical framework is Compositional Data Analysis, a methodology appropriate for proportions, along with other methods like the deviation from rules-ofthumb, the cluster analysis and the analysis of variance. The effort allocations to phases, as reported in around 1500 software projects of the ISBSG R11 repository, were transformed to vectors of proportions of the total effort and were analysed with respect to prime project attributes.Results: The proposed statistical framework was able to detect high dispersion among data, distribution inequality and various interesting correlations and trends, groupings and outliers, especially with respect to other categorical and continuous project attributes. Only a very small number of projects were found close to the rules-of-thumb from the related literature. Significant differences in the proportion of effort spent in different phrases for different types of projects were found.Conclusion: There is no simple model for the effort allocated to phases of software projects. The data from previous projects can provide valuable information regarding the distribution of the effort for various types of projects, through analysis with multivariate statistical methodologies. The proposed statistical framework is generic and can be easily applied in a similar sense to any dataset containing effort allocation to phases.
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| 5. |
- Ericsson, Niclas, et al.
(author)
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Challenges from research to deployment of industrial distributed control systems
- 2016
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In: 2016 IEEE 14th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781509028702 - 9781509028719 ; , s. 68-73
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A trend in the industrial domain is that the networks are growing and becoming more complex, this is further accelerated by the digitalization trend. In order to address this, there is a need to improve the efficiency when moving between the R&D phases. For example, integrate innovative research findings into industrial systems, shorten time to market, improve product quality and reduce the number of issues. Despite a huge research effort on network simulators and emulators there are still some issues that needs to be addressed. This paper presents challenges that needs to be resolved, in order for the industry to adopt and benefit from using network simulators and emulators. The major challenges streamlining the workflow in and between the different R&D phases while preserving the real-time aspects in the entire industrial distributed control system.
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| 6. |
- Lennvall, Tomas, et al.
(author)
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A new wireless sensor network TDMA timing synchronization protocol
- 2017
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In: IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781509028702 - 9781509028719 ; , s. 606-611
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Industrial wireless sensor and actuator networks are gaining momentum and have started to target new and more demanding application scenarios extending pure monitoring scenarios. In this paper we discuss the needs for simple and more accurate TDMA timing synchronization to enable the future applications. We present a novel TDMA timing synchronization protocol which is simple to implement, as well as a performance evaluation using of-the-shelf hardware indicating measured worst case synchronization errors less than 10 microseconds at five hops from the synchronization master. The paper shows that it is possible to realize synchronization on average around 1 microsecond with little effort and negligible computational or network overhead.
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| 7. |
- Loutfi, Amy, 1978-, et al.
(author)
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Ecare@home : A distributed research environment on semantic interoperability
- 2016
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In: Lect. Notes Inst. Comput. Sci. Soc. Informatics Telecommun. Eng.. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319512334 - 9783319512341 ; , s. 3-8
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents the motivation and challenges to developing semantic interoperability for an internet of things network that is used in the context of home based care. The paper describes a research environment which examines these challenges and illustrates the motivation through a scenario whereby a network of devices in the home is used to provide high-level information about elderly patients by leveraging from techniques in context awareness, automated reasoning, and configuration planning.
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| 8. |
- Alirezaie, Marjan, 1980-, et al.
(author)
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An ontology-based context-aware system for smart homes : E-care@home
- 2017
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In: Sensors. - Basel : MDPI AG. - 1424-8220. ; 17:7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Smart home environments have a significant potential to provide for long-term monitoring of users with special needs in order to promote the possibility to age at home. Such environments are typically equipped with a number of heterogeneous sensors that monitor both health and environmental parameters. This paper presents a framework called E-care@home, consisting of an IoT infrastructure, which provides information with an unambiguous, shared meaning across IoT devices, end-users, relatives, health and care professionals and organizations. We focus on integrating measurements gathered from heterogeneous sources by using ontologies in order to enable semantic interpretation of events and context awareness. Activities are deduced using an incremental answer set solver for stream reasoning. The paper demonstrates the proposed framework using an instantiation of a smart environment that is able to perform context recognition based on the activities and the events occurring in the home.
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| 9. |
- Blomqvist, Eva, et al.
(author)
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Towards causal knowledge graphs - position paper
- 2020
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In: CEUR Workshop Proceedings. - : CEUR-WS. ; , s. 58-62, s. 58-62
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this position paper, we highlight that being able to analyse the cause-effect relationships for determining the causal status among a set of events is an essential requirement in many contexts and argue that cannot be overlooked when building systems targeting real-world use cases. This is especially true for medical contexts where the understanding of the cause(s) of a symptom, or observation, is of vital importance. However, most approaches purely based on Machine Learning (ML) do not explicitly represent and reason with causal relations, and may therefore mistake correlation for causation. In the paper, we therefore argue for an approach to extract causal relations from text, and represent them in the form of Knowledge Graphs (KG), to empower downstream ML applications, or AI systems in general, with the ability to distinguish correlation from causation and reason with causality in an explicit manner. So far, the bottlenecks in KG creation have been scalability and accuracy of automated methods, hence, we argue that two novel features are required from methods for addressing these challenges, i.e. (i) the use of Knowledge Patterns to guide the KG generation process towards a certain resulting knowledge structure, and (ii) the use of a semantic referee to automatically curate the extracted knowledge. We claim that this will be an important step forward for supporting interpretable AI systems, and integrating ML and knowledge representation approaches, such as KGs, which should also generalise well to other types of relations, apart from causality. © 2020 for this paper by its authors. Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
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| 10. |
- Lennvall, Tomas, et al.
(author)
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Challenges when bringing IoT into industrial automation
- 2017
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In: 2017 IEEE AFRICON. - : IEEE. - 9781538627754 ; , s. 905-910
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Internet of Things (IoT) is captivating the society because of its potential to rapidly transform businesses and people's lives. It is widely believed that IoT will also transform the industrial automation business in terms of improved productivity, less cost, flexibility, and increased revenues. Hence, there are some challenges that needs to be addressed when IoT is introduced to the industrial automation domain. This paper aims to present realistic requirements and highlights identified challenges such as security, interoperability, deterministic and low latency communication, and how the required availability (uptime) can be kept. Moreover, the paper also point out the need of standardization and sustainable business models. The conclusion is that introducing IoT devices and connecting them directly to cloud services is not straightforward for process automation.
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